MAR

BACKGROUND: Given the rapid expansion of research into digital health interventions (DHIs) for severe mental illness (SMI; eg, schizophrenia and other psychosis diagnoses), there is an emergent need for clear safety measures. Currently, measurement and reporting of adverse events (AEs) are inconsistent across studies. Therefore, an international network, iCharts, was assembled to systematically identify and refine a set of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for AE reporting in DHI studies for SMI...

Biological amines and amino acids play essential roles in many biochemical processes. The chemical complexity of biological samples is challenging, and the selective identification and quantification of amines and amino acid stereoisomers would be very useful for amine-focused "amino-omics" studies. Many amines and amino acids are chiral, and their stereoisomers cannot be resolved on achiral media without chiral derivatization. In prior studies, we demonstrated the use of Marfey's reagent─a chiral derivatization reagent for amines and phenolic OH groups─for the LC-MS/MS resolution and quantification of amines and amino acid stereoisomers...

In CO_{2}-rich atmospheres that are always exposed to ionizing radiation (e.g., Venus and Mars), every fragmentation process can significantly impact the inventory of moieties present in these environments. Nevertheless, the production of O_{2}^{+} ions as a direct result of CO_{2} fragmentation has never been quantified so far. Since molecular oxygen is considered as a potential trace of living organisms, nonbiotic pathways for its production must be known. In this work, O_{2}^{+} coming from CO_{2} fragmentation by electron impact is unambiguously identified and measured in absolute scale...

This case illustrates the surgical management of a perianal mass, initially misdiagnosed as condyloma acuminatum in a male patient in his late 50s, later identified as invasive squamous cell carcinoma following excision. Despite extensive preoperative evaluation, the lesion's malignancy was confirmed through histopathology. The significant, fungating mass required a multidisciplinary approach, culminating in a pT3 staging and additional wide excision with inferior gluteal artery perforator flap reconstruction...

OBJECTIVE: Employing three cycles of Design Science Research (DSR) to develop a mobile app 'ESSC (Excellent Self Supervised HIV Care)' to improve self-management among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: This study is based on the DSR framework comprising three iterative cycles. In the Relevance cycle, PLWH participated in a survey of mobile health (mHealth) experiences and needs. In the Rigor cycle, the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model was applied to foundations of the app, and HIV specialists verified the contents...

We present CiftiStorm, an electrophysiological source imaging (ESI) pipeline incorporating recently developed methods to improve forward and inverse solutions. The CiftiStorm pipeline produces Human Connectome Project (HCP) and megconnectome-compliant outputs from dataset inputs with varying degrees of spatial resolution. The input data can range from low-sensor-density electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings without structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to high-density EEG/MEG recordings with an HCP multimodal sMRI compliant protocol...

BACKGROUND: We recently reported results of the prospective, open-label HOVON-100 trial in 334 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) randomized to first-line treatment with or without clofarabine (CLO). No improvement of event-free survival (EFS) was observed, while a higher proportion of patients receiving CLO obtained minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. AIM: In order to investigate the effects of CLO in more depth, two multi-state models were developed to identify why CLO did not show a long-term survival benefit despite more MRD-negativity...

PURPOSE: Urinary C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) is a strong predictor of persistent stage 3 acute kidney injury (AKI). Multiple clinical actions are recommended for AKI but how these are applied in individual patients and how the CCL14 test results may impact their application is unknown. METHODS: We assembled an international panel of 12 experts and conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate patients at risk for persistent stage 3 AKI (lasting 72 hours or longer)...

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) had high failure rates for several reasons, including the lack of biological endpoints. Fluid-based biomarkers may present a solution to measure biologically relevant endpoints. It is currently unclear to what extent fluid-based biomarkers are applied to support drug development. METHODS: We systematically reviewed 272 trials (clinicaltrials.gov) with disease-modifying therapies starting between 01-01-2017 and 01-01-2024 and identified which CSF and/or blood-based biomarker endpoints were used per purpose and trial type...

BACKGROUND: Identifying diets beneficial for both human and planetary health has become increasingly important. However, to date, there is limited research on sustainable diets for children and adolescents, a vulnerable population group with specific nutritional needs. OBJECTIVE: We aimed: to identify 1) the main determinants and 2) age and time trends of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), land use (LU), and water use (WU) of diets of children and adolescents, and 3) to analyze the associations of dietary GHGE, LU, and WU with nutrient adequacy...

Galicia (NW Spain) is one of the most fire-prone regions in Southern Europe. In the summer of 2022, a total of thirteen wildfires exceeding 500 ha were reported in this area, with ten of these large fires occurring in the Ourense region. To study the impacts of wildfire smoke plumes on ambient air PM2.5 concentrations, a network of 18 PurpleAir monitors was deployed across the Galicia region during July and August 2022. The PM2.5 concentration data were then used as input to test the applicability of quasi-empirical orthogonal functions (QEOFs obtained with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)) to characterize the spatial variability of wildfire smoke impacts on air quality...

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered as a relapsing inflammatory process with a dysregulation of IL-6 signalling. Classic IL-6 signalling is thought to represent a defence mechanism against pathogens. In contrast, IL-6 trans-signalling has pro-inflammatory effects. In severe COVID-19, therapeutic strategies have focused on global inhibition of IL-6, with controversial results. We hypothesized that specific blockade of IL-6 trans-signalling could inhibit inflammatory response preserving the host defence activity inherent to IL-6 classic signalling...

The success of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven the development, among others, of many different software architectures for producing, processing, and analyzing heterogeneous data. In many cases, IoT applications share common features, such as the use of a platform or middleware, also known as message broker , that collects and manages data traffic between endpoints. However, in general, data processing is very dependent on the case study (sensors that send temperature data, drones that send images, etc...

The critical role of global electron density transfer (GEDT) in increasing the reaction rate of polar organic reactions has been studied within the framework of Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). To this end, the series of the polar Diels-Alder (P-DA) reactions of cyclopentadiene with cyanoethylene derivatives, for which experimental kinetic data are available, have been chosen. A complete linear correlation between the computed activation Gibbs free energies and the GEDT taking place at the polar transition state structures (TSs) is found; the higher the GEDT at the TS, the lower the activation Gibbs free energy...

Compared with typical Earth soil, Martian soil and Mars simulant soils have distinct properties, including pH > 8.0 and high contents of silicates, iron-rich minerals, sulfates, and metal oxides. This unique soil matrix poses a major challenge for extracting microbial DNA. In particular, mineral adsorption and the generation of destructive hydroxyl radicals through cationic redox cycling may interfere with DNA extraction. This study evaluated different protocols for extracting microbial DNA from Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1), a Mars simulant soil...

The global rise of zoonotic bacteria resistant to multiple antimicrobial classes and the growing occurrence of infections caused by Aeromonas spp. resistant to β-lactam antibiotics pose a severe threat to animal and human health. However, the contribution of natural environments, particularly aquatic ecosystems, as ideal settings for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a key concern. Investigating the phenotypic antibiotic resistance and detection of β-lactamase producing Aeromonas spp...

Objective: Patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) live in constant fear of triggering shock-like pain episodes, which may cause symptoms of depression and a reduction in quality of life. Microvascular decompressive surgery has been demonstrated to achieve satisfactory and stable results. With this study, we wanted to investigate prevalence and risk factors for depression and perceived stress in correlation with symptom relief after surgical treatment. Methods: In this prospective study, patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for TN were included...

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a proatherogenic particle associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is mainly genetically determined; so, the aim of our study is to evaluate the levels of Lp(a) in the relatives of a prospective cohort of patients who have suffered from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL. Methods : We conducted a multicenter prospective study, in which consecutive patients who had suffered from an ACS and presented Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL and their first-degree relatives were included...

Rapid urbanisation exacerbates health and wellbeing disparities in vulnerable contexts and underscores the imperative need to develop innovative and participatory co-creation approaches to understand and address the specificities of these contexts. This paper presents a method to develop an assessment framework that integrates top-down dimensions with bottom-up perspectives to monitor the impact of inclusive health and wellbeing interventions tailored to the neighbourhood's needs in Las Palmeras, a vulnerable neighbourhood in Cordoba (Spain)...

Injuries and bone fractures are the most frequent causes of admission at wildlife rescue centers. Wild birds are more susceptible to open fractures due to their anatomical structure, which can lead to osteomyelitis and necrosis. Antibiotic therapy in these cases is indispensable, but the increase of antimicrobial-resistant isolates in wildlife has become a significant concern in recent years. In this context, the likelihood of antibiotic failure and death of animals with infectious issues is high. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and assess the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria in wounds and open fractures in wild birds...