Coma

BACKGROUND: Identifying individuals with intracranial injuries following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), i.e. complicated mTBI cases, is important for follow-up and prognostication. The main aims of our study were (1) to assess the temporal evolution of blood biomarkers of CNS injury and inflammation in individuals with complicated mTBI determined on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) to assess the corresponding discriminability of both single- and multi-biomarker panels, from acute to chronic phases after injury...

Nitrite has high toxicity and is commonly found in food poisoning. Poisoned patients may experience cyanosis of the skin and lips, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing or coma may occur in severe cases. Four cases of nitrite poisoning patients who were transferred from primary hospitals to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Baiyin were reported. After symptomatic supportive treatment with special antidote methylene blue, oxygen inhalation, blood purification, etc...

BACKGROUND: Mitral valve disorder (MVD) stands as the most prevalent valvular heart disease. Presently, a comprehensive clinical index to predict mortality in MVD remains elusive. The aim of our study is to construct and assess a nomogram for predicting the 28-day mortality risk of MVD patients. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with MVD were identified via ICD-9 code from the MIMIC-III database. Independent risk factors were identified utilizing the LASSO method and multivariate logistic regression to construct a nomogram model aimed at predicting the 28-day mortality risk...

BACKGROUND: Research on disorders of consciousness in children is scarce and includes disparate and barely comparable participants and assessment instruments and therefore provides inconclusive information on the clinical progress and recovery in this population. This study retrospectively investigated the neurobehavioral progress and the signs of transition between states of consciousness in a group of children admitted to a rehabilitation program either with an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or in a minimally conscious state (MCS)...

PURPOSE: A patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and severe tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) was treated with TBE virus (TBEV) IgG positive plasma. The patient's clinical response, humoral and cellular immune responses were characterized pre- and post-infection. METHODS: ELISA and neutralisation assays were performed on sera and TBEV PCR assay on sera and cerebrospinal fluid. T cell assays were conducted on peripheral blood the patient and five healthy vaccinated controls...

Recently, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a growing disorder due to frequent brain dysfunction. The Glasgow Coma Scale expresses TBI as classified as having mild, moderate, or severe brain effects, according to the effects on the brain. Brain receptors undergo various modifications in their pathology through chemical synaptic pathways, leading to depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. These brain disorders can be controlled using central receptors such as dopamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid, which are clearly explained in this review...

A retrospective pilot study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of four variants of the diamine oxidase (DAO) encoding gene ( AOC1 ) in Caucasian adults with symptoms of histamine intolerance. In a cohort of 100 patients and 100 healthy individuals, DAO-encoding gene non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Variations (SNVs) were genotyped by multiplex single-nucleotide primer extension (SNPE) and capillary electrophoresis, and serum DAO activity was analyzed with a radio-extraction assay. The study found that 79% of individuals with symptoms of histamine intolerance harbored one or more of the four SNVs associated with reduced DAO activity...

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of sepsis. Elderly patients with urosepsis in intensive care unit (ICU) have more severe conditions and higher mortality rates owing to factors such as advanced age, immunosenescence, and persistent host inflammatory responses. However, comprehensive studies on nomograms to predict the in-hospital mortality risk in elderly patients with urosepsis are lacking. This study aimed to construct a nomogram predictive model to accurately assess the prognosis of elderly patients with urosepsis and provide therapeutic recommendations...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Firearm injuries are now the leading cause of death in children and young adults younger than 25 years of age in the US. Current management of these injuries is extrapolated from adult blunt and penetrating traumatic brain injury guidelines. The objectives of this study were to investigate and analyze the clinical, radiological, and laboratory factors associated with mortality and functional outcomes in pediatric patients presenting with intracranial gunshot wounds (GSWs). METHODS: Medical records were screened for all patients younger than 21 years of age with an intracranial GSW who presented to the University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, from 2012 to 2022...

BACKGROUND: Given the complexity of post-TBI medical, surgical, and rehabilitative care, research is critical to optimize interventions across the continuum of care and improve outcomes for persons with moderate to severe TBI. OBJECTIVE: To characterize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the literature. METHOD: Systematic searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO for RCTs up to December 2022 inclusive were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines...

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) represent a significant public health concern, with mild-to-moderate cases comprising a substantial portion of incidents. Understanding the predictors of mortality among adult patients with mild-to-moderate TBIs is crucial for optimizing clinical management and improving outcomes. This literature review examines the existing research to identify and analyze the mortality predictors in this patient population. Through a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles and clinical studies, key prognostic factors, such as age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, the presence of intracranial hemorrhage, pupillary reactivity, and coexisting medical conditions, are explored...

A severe outbreak of influenza A(H1N1pdm09) infection in seven children (median age: 52 months) occurred between December 2023 and January 2024 in Tuscany, Italy. Clinical presentation ranged from milder encephalopathy to acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) with coma and multiorgan failure; one child died. This report raises awareness for clinicians to identify and treat early acute encephalopathy caused by H1N1 influenza and serves as a reminder of severe presentations of influenza in young children and the importance of vaccination...

RATIONALE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is pivotal in treating recurrent prostate cancer and is often combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for localized disease. However, for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, EBRT is typically only used in the palliative setting, because of the inability to radiate all sites of disease. Systemic radiation treatments that preferentially irradiate cancer cells, known as radiopharmaceutical therapy or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), have demonstrable benefits for treating metastatic prostate cancer...

INTRODUCTION: The global demand for intensive care has risen, given its effectiveness in lowering mortality rates. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is integral to intensive care but introduces risks such as ventilator-associated complications. Ethiopia experiences a high intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively synthesize evidence on the mortality of adults undergoing MV in Ethiopia and identify associated factors...

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of emamectin benzoate (EMB-a macrocyclic lactone insecticide like abamectin) action involves the disruption of glutamate-gated chloride channels and GABA receptors in insects, leading to paralysis and death. EMB overdose can breach the blood-brain barrier, resulting in severe poisoning and altered consciousness. AIM: Review EMB poisoning presentations in patients and reevaluate clinical manifestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed (August 31, 2008-August 31, 2023) medical university hospital records...

INTRODUCTION: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) encompasses a spectrum of disability including early cognitive impairment (ECI). The Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) suggest mTBI patients can be safely discharged from the Emergency Department. Although half of mTBI patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) have evidence of ECI, it is unclear what percentage of these patients' ECI persists after discharge. We hypothesize a significant proportion of trauma patients with mTBI and ECI at presentation have persistent ECI at 30-day follow-up...

OBJECTIVES: To dynamically observe the changes in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluate their clinical value in predicting the severity and prognosis of pediatric TBI. METHODS: A prospective study included 47 children with moderate to severe TBI from January 2021 to July 2023, categorized into moderate (scores 9-12) and severe (scores 3-8) subgroups based on the Glasgow Coma Scale...

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) refers to diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis, which is characterized by decreased attention, directional impairment, being prone to irritation, and in severe cases the patient will experience drowsiness and coma. The pathogenesis of SAE mainly includes neuroinflammation, damage of blood-brain barrier, cerebral vascular dysfunction, and neurometabolic changes, among which neuroinflammation is the core pathological process. Microglia are considered to be important immune cells of the central nervous system and play an important role in neuroinflammation...

BACKGROUND/AIM: We aimed to construct a validated nomogram model for predicting short-term (28-day) ischemic stroke mortality among critically ill populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected raw data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, a comprehensive repository renowned for its depth and breadth in critical care information. Subsequently, a rigorous analytical framework was employed, incorporating a 10-fold cross-validation procedure to ensure robustness and reliability...