random clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists have been approved by Food and Drug Administration for management of obesity. However, the causal relationship of GLP1R agonists (GLP1RA) with cancers still unclear. METHODS: The available cis-eQTLs for drugs target genes (GLP1R) were used as proxies for exposure to GLP1RA. Mendelian randomizations (MR) were performed to reveal the association of genetically-proxied GLP1RA with 14 common types cancer from large-scale consortia...

BACKGROUND: Frailty is a predictive factor of hospitalization, falls, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis, regardless of the degree of liver failure. The aim was to analyze whether a multifactorial intervention consisting of home-based exercise, branched-chain amino acids, and a multistrain probiotic can improve frailty in these patients. METHODS: Outpatients with cirrhosis were classified according to the Liver Frailty Index (LFI). Prefrail and frail patients were randomized into 2 groups...

BACKGROUND: In Canada, adults with chronic noncancer pain face a persistent insufficiency of publicly funded resources, with the gold standard multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities unable to meet the high clinical demand. Web-based self-management programs cost-effectively increase access to pain management and can improve several aspects of physical and emotional functioning. Aiming to meet the demand for accessible, fully automated resources for individuals with chronic noncancer pain, we developed a French web- and evidence-based self-management program, Agir pour moi (APM)...

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is more common in older persons and has been associated with an increased risk of hematological cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The most common CH mutations occur in the DNMT3A and TET2 genes and result in increased pro-inflammatory signaling. The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS, NCT01327846) evaluated the neutralizing anti-IL-1β antibody canakinumab in 10,061 randomized patients with a history of myocardial infarction and persistent inflammation; DNA samples were available from 3,923 patients for targeted genomic sequencing...

PURPOSE: Prognostic Immunophenotyping in Myeloma Response (PRIMeR) is an ancillary study of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment for multiple myeloma by next-generation multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). Patients were enrolled on a three-arm randomized control trial (Blood and Marrow Transplants Clinical Trials Network 0702 Stem Cell Transplant for Myeloma in Combination of Novel Agents [STaMINA]; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01109004). METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-five patients consented to the MRD panel, which included 10 monoclonal antibodies measured via six-color MFC...

Accumulating evidences have indicated that lipid-lowering drugs have effect for the treatment of cancers. However, causal associations between lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of cancers are still unclear. In our study, we utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms of proprotein convertase subtilis kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-assisted enzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors and performed a drug target Mendelian randomization to explore the causal association between lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of cancers...

BACKGROUND: Postcholecystectomy diarrhea (PCD) is among the most distressing and well-known clinical complications of cholecystectomy. Despite various available treatment options, clinical outcomes are greatly limited by unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is widely used as a complementary and alternative therapy for the treatment of functional diarrhea. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM for the treatment of PCD...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of different oral ginkgo-based Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) regimens for hypertension patients were analyzed based on the network meta-analysis of the frequency framework. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to gather data on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of 8 ginkgo biloba oral preparations for the treatment of hypertension...

BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional root canal therapy (RCT), vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a personalized and minimally invasive method for the treatment of pulpitis caused by dental caries. However, there are still no clear guidelines for VPT because high-quality randomized clinical trials are scarce. This prospective cohort study evaluated the clinical efficacy of VPT with the light-curable calcium silicate-based material TheraCal LC (TH) and bioceramic material iRoot BP Plus (BP) in reversible and irreversible pulpitis permanent teeth with carious exposures...

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in reducing postoperative delirium (POD) and modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients undergoing thoracolumbar compression fracture surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 at Anting Hospital in Shanghai, 218 elderly patients were randomized into DEX (n = 110) and normal saline (NS, n = 108) groups...

BACKGROUND: Deer antlers have been used as strong tonifying medicine in Asian countries, especially for the growth and development of children in pediatrics of Korean medicine. The safety of deer antler in adults cannot be applied directly to children because of their physiological characteristics. To accumulate reliable data on the safety of deer antler in pediatric populations, well-designed clinical studies are required. METHODS: This research is a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety of deer antler extract (DAE) in children...

BACKGROUND: Although several studies on the potential benefits of protein-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for rotator cuff injuries have been published, the results have been conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether PRP is beneficial for the prevention of retears after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). METHODS: Two reviewers conducted independent literature searches based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long-term and complex chronic disease that seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Massage, as one of the methods in traditional Chinese medicine, can treat both symptoms and root causes and is widely used to treat CFS. The main purpose is to systematically evaluate the impact of massage therapy on the efficacy and safety of CFS patients, providing a reference for clinical practice. METHODS: By searching for literature published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database until November 2023, randomized controlled trial studies were selected according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of essential hypertension contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. Acupuncture-related therapies were commonly employed in hypertension treatment. Nevertheless, a lack of conclusive evidence left uncertainties regarding the optimal strategies for managing hypertensive populations. OBJECTIVES: Conduct a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the existing clinical evidence about the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion-related therapies in managing hypertension, by employing network meta-analysis techniques...

INTRODUCTION: Multiple pharmacological interventions have been studied for managing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We performed a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials (RCT) to assess the efficacy and safety of these interventions in EoE in adults and children. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive review of Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE OVID, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science through May 10, 2023. We performed frequentist approach network meta-analysis using random effects model...

While treatment side effects may adversely impact patients, they could also potentially function as indicators for effective treatment. In this study, we investigated whether and how side effects can trigger positive treatment expectations and enhance treatment outcomes. In this preregistered trial (DRKS00026648), 77 healthy participants were made to believe that they will receive fentanyl nasal sprays before receiving thermal pain in a controlled experimental setting. However, nasal sprays did not contain fentanyl, rather they either contained capsaicin to induce a side effect (mild burning sensation) or saline (inert)...

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are considered standard treatments for stage II seminoma patients; however, these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Recently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has emerged as an alternative strategy, and the first three phase II trials were published in 2023 with promising results. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this surgery as an alternative treatment for stage IIA/B seminoma patients...

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lifestyle intervention remains a preferred treatment modality for NAFLD. The glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been developed as new glucose-lowering drugs, which can improve fatty liver via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect. However, studies exploring the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists combined with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM are scanty...

Clinical trials involving systemic neoadjuvant treatments in breast cancer aim to shrink tumors before surgery while simultaneously allowing for controlled evaluation of biomarkers, toxicity, and suppression of distant (occult) metastatic disease. Yet neoadjuvant clinical trials are rarely preceded by preclinical testing involving neoadjuvant treatment, surgery, and post-surgery monitoring of the disease. Here we used a mouse model of spontaneous metastasis occurring after surgical removal of orthotopically implanted primary tumors to develop a predictive mathematical model of neoadjuvant treatment response to sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI)...

BACKGROUND: Although AIDS-related deaths have reduced with increased access to antiretroviral care, cardiovascular disease-related morbidities among persons living with HIV are rising. Contributing to this is the higher incidence of Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV. The duration of exposure to the virus and antiretroviral drugs plays a vital role in the pathogenesis, putting perinatally infected children and adolescents at higher risk than behaviorally-infected ones, supporting the calls for increased surveillance of Hypertension among them...