Scope

INTRODUCTION: Little appears to be known regarding the work-related injury (WRI) experiences of migrants (those born in a country other than their identified host country) and specifically, women migrants. METHODS: As part of a wider PhD project investigating the WRI experiences of New Zealand (NZ) migrants, a review of NZ mainstream media coverage of migrants WRIs was undertaken, which identified no representations of migrant women's WRI experiences. In turn, a scoping review was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed publications reporting empirical findings about WRI experiences and outcomes for migrants in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries, including NZ...

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) are constructed by anchoring organometallic catalysts to an evolvable protein scaffold. They present the advantages of both components and exhibit considerable potential for the in vivo catalysis of new-to-nature reactions. Herein, Escherichia coli surface-displayed Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHbSD-Co ) that anchored the cobalt porphyrin cofactor instead of the original heme cofactor was used as an artificial thiourea oxidase (ATOase) to synthesize 5-imino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles. After two rounds of directed evolution using combinatorial active-site saturation test/iterative saturation mutagenesis (CAST/ISM) strategy, the evolved six-site mutation VHbSD-Co (6SM-VHbSD-Co ) exhibited significant improvement in catalytic activity, with a broad substrate scope (31 examples) and high yields with whole cells...

Nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of (hetero)aryl electrophiles with a diversity of nucleophiles (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and others) have evolved into competitive alternatives to well-established palladium- and copper-based protocols for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl products, including (hetero)anilines and (hetero)aryl ethers. A survey of the literature reveals that the use of cage phosphine (CgP) 'DalPhos' (DALhousie PHOSphine) bisphosphine-type ligands operating under thermal conditions currently offers the most broad substrate scope in nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of this type, especially involving (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenol-derived electrophiles...

Addition reactions of molecules with conjugated or non-conjugated multiple unsaturated C-C bonds are very attractive yet challenging due to the versatile issues of chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities. Especially for the readily available conjugated allenyne compounds, the reactivities have not been explored. The first example of copper-catalyzed 2,5-hydrofunctionalization and 2,5-difunctionalization of allenynes, which provides a facile access to versatile conjugated vinylic allenes with a C-B or C-Si bond, has been developed...

The critical importance of technological innovation in home care for older adults is indisputable. Less well understood is the question of how to measure its performance and impact on the delivery of healthcare to older adults who are living with chronic illness and disability. Knowing how well digital technologies, such as smartphones, tablets, wearable devices, and Ambient Assisted Living Technologies (AAL) systems "work" should certainly include assessing their impact on older adults' health and ability to function in daily living but that will not guarantee that it will necessarily be adopted by the user or implemented by a healthcare facility or the healthcare system...

BACKGROUND: Clinical supervision involves the professional relationship between an experienced and knowledgeable clinician and a less experienced clinician in which the experienced clinician provides support toward the skills development of the less experienced one. The concept, structure, and format of clinical supervision vary in various jurisdictions and is influenced by the availability of resources, the training needs of supervisees, and organizational structures. AIM: The aim of this scoping review was to explore, map out and synthesize the available literature on the facilitators and barriers to clinical supervision in Ghana...

BACKGROUND: Working in the nursing profession is hazardous, and nurses report poor health. Risk factors associated with poor health outcomes have been documented. However, the extent of literature exploring the prevalence of health conditions among American nurses that may be attributable to their work has not been examined. METHOD: A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations was conducted of peer-reviewed quantitative studies to answer the question: What are health conditions experienced by American nurses that may be attributable to their work as nurses? RESULTS: Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria...

Building on Significance Quest Theory we hypothesized that significance loss feelings can bring people to extreme self-care related behaviors via (a) the susceptibility to interpersonal influence, and (b) the development of a predominance of obsessive (vs. harmonious) passion toward the self-care. To test these hypotheses, we ran one cross-sectional study among voluntary participants ( N  = 401). Results confirmed our hypotheses, suggesting that physical appearance is perceived as a fruitful and useful route to maintain or even restoring ones' personal sense of significance...

The coal's particle size distribution properties after pulverization and the gas desorption behavior driven by pulverization are of profound meaning to the study of coal and gas outburst mechanism. In this paper, based on the impact crushing experiment, the tectonic coal and primary coal are crushed under different impact energy conditions. After screening the broken coal, the particle size distribution law is analyzed, and the characterization function suitable for the particle size distribution of coal particles after crushing is determined...

Green sturgeon ( Acipenser medirostris ) are an anadromous threatened species of sturgeon found along the Pacific coast of North America. The southern distinct population segment only spawns in the Sacramento River and is exposed to water temperatures kept artificially cold for the conservation and management of winter-run Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). Past research has demonstrated costs of cold-water rearing including reduced growth rates, condition and survivorship of juvenile green sturgeon...

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diverse and prominent changes in behavior and personality. One of the greatest challenges in bvFTD is to capture, measure and predict its disease progression, due to clinical, pathological and genetic heterogeneity. Availability of reliable outcome measures is pivotal for future clinical trials and disease monitoring. Detection of change should be objective, clinically meaningful and easily assessed, preferably associated with a biological process...

BACKGROUND: Advanced Life Support (ALS) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is frequently administered by two-member crews. However, ALS CPR is mostly designed for larger crews, and the feasibility and efficacy of implementing ALS guidelines for only two rescuers remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to examine the existing evidence and identify knowledge gaps in the efficiency of pre-hospital ALS CPR performed by two-member teams...

Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women, and the survival rate for this cancer is low once it metastasized. Currently, chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, when liver metastases (LM) are present, the response to chemotherapy is poor. Regional intra-arterial chemotherapy (RIAC) delivers a high concentration of anticancer drugs to the malignant tissue, which improves the survival rate of patients with LM. It also decreases systemic side effects associated with chemotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Among different tools, accreditation is widely used worldwide to improve the quality and safety of hospital services. In Iran, as in many other countries, the same accreditation standards apply to all hospitals, regardless of their size and type of activity. This has given rise to many problems for hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We will conduct this study in three phases: In the first phase, relevant individuals are interviewed to identify challenges caused to hospitals by applying the same standards for all types of hospitals and clarify issues that could be removed or changed in small hospitals...

BACKGROUND: Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that has been entered into the philosophy of education for a long time. Reviewing the concept of aesthetics in education, we can see the components that can cover a number of challenges in the field of patient education. Focusing on the conceptual dimensions obtained from the analysis of this concept, the aim is matching the resulting conceptual categories with the gaps in the field of patient education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a scoping review, we reviewed the literature dealt with different dimensions of aesthetic-based education...

BACKGROUND: Understanding the various principles in physiology is very important for medical students to apply their knowledge in clinical practice. Most of the students learn physiology just to clear exams. There is a need to understand the student's perception on the significance of learning physiology in medical colleges, its role in clinical practice, research, and the subject of career choice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in a medical college in Karnataka, India...

BACKGROUND: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) persists as a significant public health challenge worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 10-15% across the global populace. This condition is characterized by a notably high risk of lapses and relapses, even subsequent to treatment interventions. Mobile health interventions, owing to their widespread accessibility, emerge as a promising approach to diminish the risk of relapse post-treatment and to broaden the scope of care, especially in regions with a scarcity of trained medical professionals...

OBJECTIVES: To map the evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. INTRODUCTION: Noncommunicable diseases are increasing among people living with HIV. Thus, strengthened and sustained diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases through integrated noncommunicable diseases and HIV care is needed to improve patient outcomes. However, there is paucity of evidence on the barriers and facilitators diagnosing noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries...

White spot lesions (WSLs) refer to localized areas of hypo-mineralization limited to the enamel of the teeth surface, which is noticeable clinically to the naked eye on drying of the teeth. During fixed orthodontic treatment, it is very hard for the patient to maintain excellent oral hygiene as the brackets, bands, wires, elastics, and other appliances and attachments worn intra-orally provide a platform for food retention, plaque formation, and then colonization by acidogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus ...

BACKGROUND: Conflict management skills include the ability of team members to actively use appropriate methods and strategies in different conflict situations. Considering the necessity of effective training in conflict management skills for medical students as a member of healthcare teams, this scoping review study aimed at reviewing the appropriate methods for teaching conflict management to medical students. METHODS: In this scoping review, PubMed, Eric, ProQuest, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus databases were systematically searched until May 21, 2023...