Review articles in psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to examine the impacts of exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on women's sexual function and sexual distress. METHOD: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, eight international (EBSCO, Psyc-Info, Proquest, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid, Web of Science) and two national electronic databases (Dergipark and Thesis Database of the Turkish Council of Higher Education) were searched. Studies reporting outcomes of sexual function and sexual distress in women with and without a history of CSA were included...

Late-life depression is one of the most damaging mental illnesses, disrupting the normal lives of older people by causing chronic illness and cognitive impairment. Patients with late-life depression, accompanied by changes in appetite, insomnia, fatigue and guilt, are more likely to experience irritability, anxiety and somatic symptoms. It increases the risk of suicide and dementia and is a major challenge for the public health systems. The current clinical assessment, identification and effectiveness assessment of late-life depression are primarily based on history taking, mental status examination and scale scoring, which lack subjectivity and precision...

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. To date no single clinical, laboratory or imaging test has proven accurate for NPSLE diagnosis which is a testament to the intricate and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms suspected to exist. Functional imaging with FDG PET-CT has shown promise in NPSLE diagnosis, detecting abnormalities prior to changes evident on anatomical imaging...

OBJECTIVE: Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. We conducted a scoping review to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations; to review its psychometric and validity data; and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth. METHOD: PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from 1 January 2001 (original UPPS publication) through 2 October 2022 according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a global public health problem. Self-inflicted burns are one of the most severe methods of suicide, with high morbidity and mortality. Low-income and middle-income countries contribute 40% of all suicidal burns. Pakistan lacks comprehensive burns surveillance data, which prevents an understanding of the magnitude of the problem. This scoping review aims to understand the scope of the problem of suicide and self-harm burns in Pakistan and to identify knowledge gaps within the existing literature related to this specific phenomenon...

We present the case of a 76 year old male with mild cognitive impairment and delirium referred to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry for assessment of capacity to choose discharge. Cases involving "dispositional capacity" are complex and increasingly frequent, with momentous consequences for patients and their families, but rarely discussed in the literature. In this article, experts in functional assessment, cognition, and ethics provide guidance for this commonly encountered clinical scenario based on their experience and available literature...

The present article reviews the scholarship and policy landscape about the state of child and youth well-being, as well as the scope of health/mental health and education inequities and the factors driving them. The research and policy literature are reviewed to provide exemplars of innovation in science, practice, prevention, policy, and public education that can advance progress and support optimism. Several guiding principles emerge that provide a foundation for improving well-being and equity for the next generation...

OBJECTIVE: This article explores the transformative impact of OpenAI and ChatGPT on Australian medical practitioners, particularly psychiatrists in the private practice setting. It delves into the extensive benefits and limitations associated with integrating ChatGPT into medical practice, summarising current policies and scrutinising medicolegal implications. CONCLUSION: A careful assessment is imperative to determine whether the benefits of AI integration outweigh the associated risks...

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that significantly affects the social and professional life of patients, causing distortion of reality and loss of identity and cognitive abilities. Psychopharmacological treatment is an integral part of modern psychiatry, and the introduction of new "atypical" antipsychotic drugs has brought significant progress in the treatment of this disorder. One of these drugs is olanzapine, which has an effective effect on the productive symptoms of schizophrenia while having an almost minimal potential to cause extrapyramidal syndrome...

It is well known that parental depression is correlated to adverse child mental health outcomes; but what is the effect of treating parental depression on the child? This narrative review aims to explore this question, and how certain specific interventions designed to help depressed parents affect mental health outcomes in their children. The academic database APA PsychInfo was searched for articles that broadly included interventions for parents with depression as well as child wellbeing or outcomes as of October 2023...

This comprehensive review article examines the complex overlap of affective disorders, psychoses, addictions, anxieties, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatic symptom disorder in the context of cancer patients, and highlights the intricate interplay between psychiatric and oncological diagnoses. Based on extensive literature, it highlights the profound socioeconomic burdens that result from the coexistence of these disorders. The analysis includes the increased healthcare costs, impaired adherence to treatment, and reduced quality of life for individuals struggling with the co-occurrence of psychiatric and cancer-related problems...

OBJECTIVE: In 2014, the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse released the "Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment," summarizing previously established evidence and outlining principles of effective assessment, treatment, and aftercare for substance use disorders (SUD). Winters et al. (2018) updated these principles to be developmentally appropriate for adolescents. This review builds on that formative work and recommends updated adolescent assessment, treatment, and aftercare principles and practices...

Mistrust is a significant problem for people with psychosis and can interfere with their capacity to engage in psychosocial treatment. In this article, the developmental trajectory of mistrust is outlined, including the impact that attachment disruption, childhood trauma, attributional biases, internalized stigma, and discrimination can have on the person's capacity to form trusting bonds with others. After this review, three elements are described that may allow for the restoration of trust: the therapist's openness to understanding the patient's experience and agenda for therapy, the therapist's effort to honestly disclose their thoughts to encourage dialogue and mutual reflection, and therapist's attempt to promote metacognition through helping the patient develop more complex representations of the minds of others...

Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disorder characterized by a multitude of complex and seemingly non-overlapping symptoms. The insular cortex has gained increasing attention in neuroscience and psychiatry due to its involvement in a diverse range of fundamental human experiences and behaviors. This review article provides an overview of the insula's cellular and anatomical organization, functional and structural connectivity, and functional significance. Focusing on specific insula subregions and using knowledge gained from humans and preclinical studies of insular tracings in non-human primates, we review the literature and discuss the functional roles of each subregion, including in somatosensation, interoception, salience processing, emotional processing, and social cognition...

Microstate analysis is a spatiotemporal method where instantaneous scalp potential topography represents the current state of the brain. The temporal evolution of these scalp topographies gives an understanding of quasi-stable periods of long-range coherence between distant electrodes, reflecting functional coordination within large-scale cortical networks. It has been proven potential in identification and characterization of neurophysiological indicators associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Changes in microstates connected to symptoms and cognitive impairments of neuropsychiatric conditions...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the prevalence of loneliness in many countries worldwide which have different ways of assessing it. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: We searched seven electronic databases for English peer-reviewed studies published between 1992 and 2021. PARTICIPANTS: We selected English-language peer-reviewed articles, with data from non-clinical populations of community-dwelling older adults (>60 years), and with "loneliness" or "lonely" in the title...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: People with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) experience delays in receiving treatment, resulting in poorer outcomes and higher mortality. There is robust evidence for effective and cost-effective early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services for FEP, but the evidence for EIP in LMIC has not been reviewed. We aim to review the evidence on early intervention for the management of FEP in LMIC. STUDY DESIGN: We searched 4 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) to identify studies describing EIP services and interventions to treat FEP in LMIC published from 1980 onward...

The field of psychiatry faces significant challenges in the new millennium, marked by a surge in mental health diagnoses coupled with barriers to accessing adequate care. Despite obstacles, notable advancements have been achieved throughout the field, including the release of DSM-5, the introduction of esketamine, and the development of innovative assessment tools. This study aims to comprehensively analyze recent advances in psychiatry by examining the top 50 most cited articles and authors since 2000, addressing a gap in the literature left by previous subfield-focused bibliometric studies...

INTRODUCTION: Dissociation is a psychological process in reaction to threat which can be found in many psychiatric conditions. Dissociative symptoms can become very disabling, whether in daily life or in care. Nevertheless, few studies seem to have examined the efficacy of psychotherapy on the latter and its relevance as a therapeutic target. METHOD: A systematic review of the literature (PRISMA) on the efficacy of psychotherapy on dissociative symptoms in adults with mental disorders was conducted...

OBJECTIVES: Young people's exposure to online pornographic material has increased in the past years. Its impact is a complex topic but an important issue due to growing concerns. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on Internet pornography consumption and its impact on children and adolescents. Furthermore, we examined young people's thoughts about pornography and their reasons for consumption. METHOD: We performed a systematic literature search in the online databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX for peer-reviewed articles in English, published between 2000 and 2022 and additionally identified secondary references...