3D reconstruction

A wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) is a medical device designed for the examination of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Three-dimensional models based on WCE images can assist in diagnostics by effectively detecting pathology. These 3D models provide gastroenterologists with improved visualization, particularly in areas of specific interest. However, the constraints of WCE, such as lack of controllability, and requiring expensive equipment for operation, which is often unavailable, pose significant challenges when it comes to conducting comprehensive experiments aimed at evaluating the quality of 3D reconstruction from WCE images...

Bioinks play a fundamental role in skin bioprinting, dictating the printing fidelity, cell response, and function of bioprinted 3D constructs. However, the range of bioinks that support skin cells' function and aid in the bioprinting of 3D skin equivalents with tailorable properties and customized shapes is still limited. In this study, we describe a bioinspired design strategy for bioengineering double crosslinked pectin-based bioinks that recapitulate the mechanical properties and the presentation of cell-adhesive ligands and protease-sensitive domains of the dermal extracellular matrix, supporting the bioprinting of bilayer 3D skin models...

Tomography has had an important impact on the physical, biological, and medical sciences. To date, most tomographic applications have been focused on 3D scalar reconstructions. However, in some crucial applications, vector tomography is required to reconstruct 3D vector fields such as the electric and magnetic fields. Over the years, several vector tomography methods have been developed. Here, we present the mathematical foundation and algorithmic implementation of REal Space Iterative REconstruction for Vector tomography, termed RESIRE-V...

OBJECTIVE: CT scans combined with Mimics software were used to measure femoral offset (FO), rotation center height (RCH) and lower leg length discrepancy (LLD) following total hip arthroplasty (THA), and the relationship between FO, RCH and LLD after THA is discussed. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients with unilateral THA who met standard cases from October 2020 to June 2022. There were 21 males and 19 females, 18 patients on the left side and 22 patients on the right side, aged range from 30 to 81 years old, with an average age of (58...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Investigate the feasibility of using deep learning-based accelerated 3D T1-weighted volumetric isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition (VISTA) for vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI), compared to traditional Compressed SENSE and optimize acceleration factor (AF) to obtain high-quality clinical images. METHODS: 40 patients with atherosclerotic plaques in the intracranial or carotid artery were prospectively enrolled in our study from October 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023 underwent high-resolution vessel wall imaging on a 3...

Deep-learning networks for super-resolution (SR) reconstruction enhance the spatial-resolution of 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). However, variations between MRI scanners and patients impact the quality of SR for real-time 3D low-resolution (LR) cine MRI. In this study, we present a personalized super-resolution (psSR) network that incorporates transfer-learning to overcome the challenges in inter-scanner SR of 3D cine MRI.
Approach: Development of the proposed psSR network comprises two-stages: 1) a cohort-specific SR (csSR) network using clinical patient datasets, and 2) a psSR network using transfer-learning to target datasets...

This study explored the potential of reconstructing the 3D motion of a swimmer's hands with accuracy and consistency using action sport cameras (ASC) distributed in-air and underwater. To record at least two stroke cycles of an athlete performing a front crawl task, the cameras were properly calibrated to cover an acquisition volume of 3 m in X, 8 m in Y, and 3.5 m in Z axis, approximately. Camera calibration was attained by applying bundle adjustment in both environments. A testing wand, carrying two markers, was acquired to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction accuracy in-air, underwater, and over the water transition...

Van der Waals (vdW) polytypes of broken inversion and mirror symmetries were recently shown to exhibit switchable electric polarization even at the ultimate two-layer thin limit. Their out-of-plane polarization was found to accumulate in a ladder-like fashion with each successive layer, offering 2D building blocks for the bottom-up construction of 3D ferroelectrics. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that beyond a critical stack thickness, the accumulated polarization in rhombohedral polytypes of molybdenum disulfide (r-MoS2 ) saturates...

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) provides an indirect measure of the physiological state and growth of the maize ear by reconstructing the distribution of electrical impedance. However, the two-dimensional (2D) EIT within the electrode plane finds it challenging to comprehensively represent the spatial distribution of conductivity of the intact maize ear, including the husk, kernels, and cob. Therefore, an effective method for 3D conductivity reconstruction is necessary. In practical applications, fluctuations in the contact impedance of the maize ear occur, particularly with the increase in the number of grids and computational workload during the reconstruction of 3D spatial conductivity...

It is of great significance to study the plant morphological structure for improving crop yield and achieving efficient use of resources. Three dimensional (3D) information can more accurately describe the morphological and structural characteristics of crop plants. Automatic acquisition of 3D information is one of the key steps in plant morphological structure research. Taking wheat as the research object, we propose a point cloud data-driven 3D reconstruction method that achieves 3D structure reconstruction and plant morphology parameterization at the phytomer scale...

The neocortex of the brain can be divided into six layers each with a distinct cell composition and connectivity pattern. Recently, sensory deprivation, including congenital deafness, has been shown to alter cortical structure (e.g. the cortical thickness) of the feline auditory cortex with variable and inconsistent results. Thus, understanding these complex changes will require further study of the constituent cortical layers in three-dimensional space. Further progress crucially depends on the use of objective computational techniques that can reliably characterize spatial properties of the complex cortical structure...

We investigate the internal crystallinity of calcite crystals synthesized using two approaches: precipitation from solution and the ammonium carbonate diffusion method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses reveal that the calcite products precipitated using both approaches had a well-defined rhombohedron shape, consistent with the euhedral crystal habit of the mineral. The internal structure of these calcite crystals was characterized using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) to determine the 3D electron density and the atomic displacement field...

PREMISE: We studied the 3D morphology of a small, well-preserved cone from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte to characterize its structure and determine its systematic affinity. Previously tentatively assigned to the enigmatic Tetraphyllostrobus, we show that it differs in key respects from that genus as described. METHODS: We systematically compared the new fossil with relevant Paleozoic cone genera and employed advanced imaging techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Airyscan confocal super-resolution microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray microcomputed tomography to visualize and reconstruct the fossil cone in 3D...

PURPOSE: The healthcare industry has a growing need for realistic modeling and efficient simulation of surgical scenes. With effective models of deformable surgical scenes, clinicians are able to conduct surgical planning and surgery training on scenarios close to real-world cases. However, a significant challenge in achieving such a goal is the scarcity of high-quality soft tissue models with accurate shapes and textures. To address this gap, we present a data-driven framework that leverages emerging neural radiance field technology to enable high-quality surgical reconstruction and explore its application for surgical simulations...

OBJECTIVES: To assess a deep learning-based reconstruction algorithm (DLRecon) in zero echo-time (ZTE) MRI of the shoulder at 1.5 Tesla for improved delineation of osseous findings. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 63 consecutive exams of 52 patients (28 female) undergoing shoulder MRI at 1.5 Tesla in clinical routine were included. Coronal 3D isotropic radial ZTE pulse sequences were acquired in the standard MR shoulder protocol. In addition to standard-of-care (SOC) image reconstruction, the same raw data was reconstructed with a vendor-supplied prototype DLRecon algorithm...

Advances in fluorescence microscopy and tissue-clearing have revolutionised 3D imaging of fluorescently labelled tissues, organs and embryos. However, the complexity and high cost of existing software and computing solutions limit their widespread adoption, especially by researchers with limited resources. Here, we present Acto3D, an open-source software, designed to streamline the generation and analysis of high-resolution 3D images of targets labelled with multiple fluorescent probes. Acto3D provides an intuitive interface for easy 3D data import and visualisation...

BACKGROUND:  Studies have shown a significant reduction in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) rates in patients undergoing complete axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) combined with immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) using lymphovenous bypass (LVB).The purpose of this study was to determine if ILR with LVB at the time of cALND results in a decreased incidence of BCRL and its impact on patient quality of life (QOL). METHODS:  In this prospective cohort study, patients ≥ 18 years requiring cALND underwent ILR from 2019 to 2021...

Progress in understanding early human development has been impeded by the scarcity of reference datasets from natural embryos, particularly those with spatial information during crucial stages like gastrulation. We conducted high-resolution spatial transcriptomics profiling on 38,562 spots from 62 transverse sections of an intact Carnegie stage (CS) 8 human embryo. From this spatial transcriptomic dataset, we constructed a 3D model of the CS8 embryo, in which a range of cell subtypes are identified, based on gene expression patterns and positional register, along the anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and dorsal-ventral axis in the embryo...

The phosphorylated noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) play a vital role in manipulating biomineralization, while the mechanism of phosphorylation of NCPs in intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibril has not been completely deciphered. Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as templating analogues of NCPs induce hierarchical mineralization in cooperation with indispensable sequestration analogues such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) via polymer-induced liquid-like precursor (PILP) process...

We present a novel framework named NeuralRecon for real-time 3D scene reconstruction from a monocular video. Unlike previous methods that estimate single-view depth maps separately on each key-frame and fuse them later, we propose to directly reconstruct local surfaces represented as sparse TSDF volumes for each video fragment sequentially by a neural network. A learning-based TSDF fusion module based on gated recurrent units is used to guide the network to fuse features from previous fragments. This design allows the network to capture local smoothness prior and global shape prior of 3D surfaces when sequentially reconstructing the surfaces, resulting in accurate, coherent, and real-time surface reconstruction...