oral squamous cell cancer sentinel

The aim was to evaluate sentinel node detection capacity by means of a magnetic probe in 11 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma at stages T1-T2 received submucosal injections of a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent (SPIO). A magnetic probe was used for sentinel node biopsy. The use of SPIO and magnetic probes in the early stages of oral cancer may offer an alternative to conventional radioisotope techniques and/or elective neck dissection.

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receive bilateral elective nodal irradiation (ENI), in order to reduce the risk of regional failure. Bilateral ENI, as compared to unilateral ENI, is associated with higher incidence of acute and late radiation-induced toxicity with subsequent deterioration of quality of life. Increasing evidence that the incidence of contralateral regional failure (cRF) in lateralized HNSCC is very low (< 10%) suggests that it can be justified to treat selected patients unilaterally...

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been initially developed for melanoma and breast cancers. Its application in head and neck cancers is recent, probably due to the complexity of the lymphatic drainage, the proximity between the primary tumor and the lymph nodes and the critical anatomical structures (such as the facial nerve). In onco-dermatology, SLNB is validated in head and neck surgery for melanoma with Breslow thickness up to 1mm or ulceration, Merkel carcinoma and high-risk squamous cell carcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, accounting for over 30% of all cancers reported. Elective neck dissection (END) is the mainstay of treatment in early disease. Performing ENDs for node negative (N0) patients can result in significant morbidity with questionable benefit and impair the patients' quality of life. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB), is an emerging investigation helping in risk stratification of patients with early oral cancer and node negative disease...

Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy using methylene blue dye alone in identifying occult lymph node metastases in early oral cancer (cT1, T2, and cN0). The study was done from 2013-15 in 94 patients in a large cancer centre. The blue nodes were dissected and sent for frozen section, routine histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical testing for cytokeratin, and was followed by elective neck dissection in all patients. The identification rate was 93...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The management of the clinically N0 (cN0) neck is controversial for early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC). This paper represents a single institution series analyzing the efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) for early stage oral cavity cancers. METHODS: From 2005 to 2017, 108 patients with cN0 OSCC were treated with primary resection and SNB. Patients with positive biopsy results proceeded to neck dissection with or without adjuvant chemoradiotherapy...

BACKGROUND: To investigate if depth of invasion (DOI) can predict occult nodal disease in patients with cT1-2N0 (7th TNM) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) staged by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). METHODS: In 199 OSCC patients, DOI measurements and SLNB were performed. RESULTS: Metastases were found in 64 of 199 patients (32%). Of these 64 patients, the mean DOI was 6.6 mm compared to 4.7 mm in patients without metastases (P = .003)...

The aim of this review is to provide an updated perspective on different fields of radioguided surgery. With reference to the sentinel lymph node biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma, we present the results of the interactive debate held at the recent Congress of our specialty about the more relevant aspects of the London Consensus. Drainage peculiarities and indications according to the current guidelines on gynaecological tumours, endometrial and cervical cancer, are detailed and new scenarios for nuclear medicine physicians are presented; robotic surgery and hybrid tracers, for instance...

BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like cells (CSC) have been linked to increased metastatic potential. We evaluated the prognostic impact of CD44, a CSC biomarker, on depth of invasion (DOI) and outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Using a multivariable logistic regression model, we evaluated in early OSCCs the relationship between CD44 expression at the invasive tumor front, DOI, sentinel lymph node biopsy, extension of nodal involvement, and survival...

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to investigate the topographical distribution of sentinel nodes (SNs) and lymph node metastases in T1-2cN0 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS: The study entailed a prospective enrolment of 220 patients with clinical T1-2N0 OSCCs who underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) followed by gamma probe-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Patients with positive SNs were treated with completion neck dissection. Excised lymph nodes were grouped into the neck level according to the international guidelines...

For radical resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, a tumor-free margin of at least 5 mm is required. Unfortunately, establishing in-depth margins is a surgical conundrum. Knowing that the hybrid sentinel node (SN) tracer indocyanine green (ICG)-99m Tc-nanocolloid generates temporary tattoolike markings at the site of administration, we studied the ability to apply this tracer for tumor margin demarcation combined with SN biopsy. Methods: Nineteen patients with clinical T1-T2 oral tongue tumors received the traditional superficial 3 or 4 deposits of ICG-99m Tc-nanocolloid (0...

This study was performed to report the usage of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinical stage I or II tongue cancer patients with cN0 necks seen over a 14-year period. Data were collected prospectively, and a retrospective analysis was performed of 41 patients with early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and a cN0 neck. Sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive patients underwent elective neck dissection, whereas SLN-negative patients were kept under careful observation. Seven of the 41 (17%) patients enrolled in the study were found to have occult metastases...

OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to be an accurate technique for staging the neck in early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and has been incorporated in treatment guidelines as an option instead of elective neck dissection (END). However, utilization of SLNB in the United States remains unclear, and existing prospective studies did not directly compare survival between SLNB and END. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with stage I to II OCSCC (cT1-2cN0cM0) who underwent staging of the neck in the National Cancer Data Base from 2012 to 2015...

UK national guidelines in 2016 recommended that sentinel lymph node biopsy should be offered to patients with early oral cancer (T1-T2 N0) in which the primary site can be reconstructed directly. This study describes the pitfalls that can be avoided in the technique of biopsy to improve outcomes. We retrospectively analysed the data from 100 consecutive patients and recorded any adverse events. Lymphatic drainage of tracer failed in two patients as a result of procedural errors. Two patients with invaded nodes developed recurrence after total neck dissection, one after micrometastases had been diagnosed, and the other as a result of extranodal spread that had led to understaging and therefore undertreatment...

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node metastasis is a common and early event in the metastatic process of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is the most powerful prognostic factor for survival of HNSCC patients. 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (3AOA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound isolated from seeds of Vigna sinensis K., has been reported to have potent anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activities. However, its effects on tumor-related lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis are not yet understood...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cervical sentinel lymph node biopsy after mapping with indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) for imaging early-stage oral cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed during a selective neck dissection (SND) in 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, cT1 or cT2, N0 status). The sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) were identified using an infrared video camera after ICG injection...

OBJECTIVES: In cT1-2N0, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occult metastases are detected in 23%-37% of cases. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was introduced in head and neck cancer as a minimally invasive alternative for an elective neck dissection in neck staging. Meta-analyses of SLNB accuracy show heterogeneity in the existing studies for reference standards, imaging techniques and pathological examination. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the SLNB in detecting occult metastases in cT1-2N0 OSCC in a well-defined cohort...

To describe an innovative sentinel lymph node (SLN) guidance approach using a radionuclide tracer, 3D augmented reality-guided imaging, and near infrared (NIR) fluorescence over-lay imaging with hand-held probes to optimize accuracy, efficiency, and precise navigation for sentinel node (SN) localization in head and neck cancer. In a cT1N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, pre-operative radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy was performed with a sentinel node-specific radiolabeled tracer. Intraoperatively, a 3D hand-held augmented reality (AR) scanning SPECT probe assessed concordance of the SN with pre-operative SPECT-CT images...

BACKGROUND: Detection of metastatic spread of head and neck cancer to cervical lymph nodes is essential for optimal design of therapy. Undetected metastases lead to mortality, which can be prevented by better detection methods. METHODS: We analysed 41 lymph nodes from 19 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Each lymph node was divided in two, one half processed for histopathology and the other half dissociated into single-cell suspension, stained for the carcinoma cell markers cytokeratin 5/8 (CK5/8), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and epithelial mucin (MUC-1), and analysed with flow cytometry...

The paper describes properties of clinical visualization approaches which are applied for detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients suffering from oral cavity squamous cell cancer. Diagnostic efficiency results and technological features of different imaging techniques are discussed.