malnutrition in hospitalized children

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Despite its substantial impact, there exists a dearth of evidence regarding treatment outcomes and related factors, particularly within the Ethiopian context. This study endeavors to address these critical gaps by examining the treatment outcome of pneumonia among pediatric patients hospitalized in the Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital. METHOD: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 204 children (≤14 years of age) diagnosed with pneumonia and admitted to the Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Severe acute malnutrition is a threat to child survival as mortality rates in children with severe malnutrition are nine times higher. Globally, about 19 million children are severely malnourished. This study looked at children aged 6-59 months admitted to hospital to see how quickly they recovered from severe acute malnutrition as well as what factors predicted their recovery. METHODS: The study included 543 systematically chosen children with severe acute malnutrition who were admitted to the stabilization center of a hospital...

BACKGROUND: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a life-threatening, underdiagnosed, and under-researched complication in treating children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). This study aimed to determine the incidence and onset of RFS and identify biochemical abnormalities, clinical signs, and complications associated with RFS development in children, 0-59 months, treated with SAM in a South African public hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on hospital medical records of children aged 0-59 months, diagnosed with SAM at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Johannesburg, from 1/10/2014 to 31/12/2018...

BACKGROUND: Gastrostomy creation is a common pediatric surgical procedure, but the time to initiation of feeds and to goal feeding volumes postoperatively varies greatly. Delays in reaching goal feeding volumes promote malnutrition and may prolong hospital length of stay. We hypothesized that implementing an accelerated, standardized post-gastrostomy feeding protocol would allow patients to reach goal feeding volumes sooner, without increasing postoperative complications. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children who underwent gastrostomy tube placement between 1/1/2022 and 11/30/2023...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medication adverse event, particularly in patients with pre-existing medical conditions taking nephrotoxic medications. However, little is known about the differences in the risk of nephrotoxic medication-related complications in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to the general pediatric population. A nine-year-old non-verbal boy with ASD was hospitalized for scrotal cellulitis requiring vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam due to a lack of clinical response to cephalosporins...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is a significant global public health issue. Nutritional assessment combined with management or advice are essential to produce optimal outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess nutritional status and the sociodemographic profile of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December to April 2020 among the population of children with NDDs who presented to the pediatric department of the TMSS Medical College and Rafatullah Community Hospital in Bogura during this period...

Introduction The adverse effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on maternal and reproductive health extend beyond the immediate morbidity and mortality attributed directly to the disease. Pandemic-induced disruptions in the healthcare, social and economic infrastructures can exacerbate the already high burden of childhood undernutrition in India. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected district of the central Indian province of Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected from eligible children born during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 to December 2021) who visited a selected tertiary care hospital for routine immunization during the study period...

BACKGROUND: Despite global efforts to eliminate mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (MTCT), many children continue to become infected. We determined the prevalence of HIV among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that of their mothers, at admission to Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Mulago Hospital, Uganda. We also assessed child factors associated with HIV-infection, and explored factors leading to HIV-infection among a subset of the mother-child dyads that tested positive...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and also the hierarchy of association if any with malnutrition, anemia, and other risk factors with ECC using machine learning algorithms. METHODS: A hospital-based preventive and interventional study was conducted on SAM children (age = 2 to <6 years) who were admitted to the malnutrition treatment unit (MTU). An oral examination for early childhood caries status was done using the deft index...

Mozambique has one of the highest child undernutrition rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of children from 1 to 14 years old hospitalized for undernutrition and to explore associated risk factors. Clinical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental data were collected. Anthropometric measurements and stool samples were collected from a child and their caretaker. The wealth index was determined using Principal Components Analysis. A total of 449 children and their caretakers were enrolled...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a public health problem that affects physical and psychosocial well-being. It manifests as a rapid deterioration in nutritional status and bilateral edema due to inadequate food intake or illness. METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort of 1208 children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Sofala Province from 2018 to 2022. It includes hospitalized children aged 6-59 months with SAM and related complications. The dependent variable is recovery, and the independent variables include age, sex of the child, vomiting, dehydration, hypoglycemia, nutritional edema and anthropometry...

Malnourished children are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity following diarrheal illness and certain enteropathogens have been associated with malnutrition in children. Very few studies have comprehensively looked at the etiology of diarrhea in malnourished children and most have used conventional diagnostic methods with suboptimal sensitivity. We used a highly sensitive molecular approach against a broad range of pathogens causing diarrhea and examined their association with malnutrition. In addition, we looked at the pathogen diversity of pediatric diarrhea, three years after the nationwide rotavirus vaccine introduction to understand the evolving landscape of pathogens, which is crucial for planning strategies to further reduce the diarrhea burden...

BACKGROUND: Children living with HIV(CLWH) are at high risk of tuberculosis(TB) and face poor outcomes, despite antiretroviral treatment(ART). We evaluated outcomes in CLWH and HIV-uninfected children treated for non-severe TB in the SHINE trial. METHODS: SHINE was a randomized trial that enrolled children aged <16 years with smear-negative, non-severe TB who were randomized to receive 4 vs 6 months of TB treatment and followed for 72 weeks. We assessed TB relapse/recurrence, mortality, hospitalizations, grade ≥3 adverse events by HIV status, and HIV virological suppression in CLWH...

Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) characterizes a range of permanent, nonprogressive symptoms of postural and motor dysfunction caused by an insult to the developing central nervous system in a fetus or an infant. CP manifests early in life, often within the first two to three years of age. CP is associated with poor growth, that is the deviation from the normal growth parameters. The prevalence of CP ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 per 1000 live births in high-income countries which is comparable to the estimates from low-income countries...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most appropriate cut-off values of Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) for diagnosing moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in under-five children. METHODS: This cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study was conducted between January 2021 and August 2022 in the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary hospital in Delhi. Children aged 6 months to 5 years attending the outpatient or emergency services were included in the study...

In severe acute malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency as well as protein energy malnutrition is a major obstacle to growth & development. Iron deficiency dominates the spectrum of nutritional anemia. After taking informed consent, 211 SAM children and 211 age-and sex-matched healthy children with normal nutritional status were enrolled for the study. MUAC was used to diagnose SAM. A 5-part automated hematoanalyzer was used to measure the complete blood count and red cell indices, and the peripheral smear method to determine the red cell morphology...

BACKGROUND: Higher rate of acute malnutrition is observed in emergencies compared to non-emergency settings and severe acute malnutrition upsurges alarmingly and become deadly in humanitarian crises due to lack of food, lack of quality water supply and insufficient healthcare. Research is one learning tool by identifying strength and areas of improvement. However, little is known about outcomes of therapeutic feeding programmes in comparison with the standard indicators set in humanitarian setting...

Severe acute undernutrition (SAU) is still a crucial global health issue in the 0-59 months population, increasing the risk of mortality as well as of long-term consequences. In Sudan, 3.3 million children suffered from acute malnutrition between 2018 and 2019. This study was planned to evaluate, in the area of Port Sudan, the prevalence of acute undernutrition after the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the most important factors favoring the development of acute undernutrition. The available clinical records of all the under-five children ( n = 1012) admitted to the Port Sudan Emergency Pediatric Hospital from 1 February 2021 to 31 January 2022 were analyzed...

Malnutrition is often observed in pediatric cancer patients and has been recognized as a risk factor for relapse and survival. Maintaining an appropriate nutritional status during anticancer treatment has, therefore, been more and more frequently perceived as an additional requirement for optimal therapy outcomes. The aim of our study was to establish alterations of nutritional status in 26 children and adolescents treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the Children's Hospital in Zagreb, Croatia, between 2016 and 2021, by using anthropometric measures and serum albumin levels...

Specific pediatric populations have exhibited disparate responses to triiodothyronine (T3) repletion during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Objective: To determine if T3 supplementation improves outcomes in children undergoing CPB. We searched randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating T3 supplementation in children aged 0-3 years undergoing CPB between 1/1/2000 and 1/31/2022. We calculated Hazard ratios (HR) for time to extubation (TTE), ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. 5 RCTs met inclusion criteria with available patient-level data...