keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37224724/a-case-of-ganglioneuromatosis-in-a-child-and-its-outcome
#21
Jayalaxmi Shripati Aihole
INTRODUCTION: Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are hamartomatous tumors that originate in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal glands. Rarely, they might originate in enteric nervous system affecting its motility. Clinically they present with varying symptoms of pain abdomen, constipation and bleeding. Nevertheless, patients can remain asymptomatic for many years. CASE PRESENTATION: Author is reporting here a case of ganglioneuromatosis of intestine in a child and its effective management by a simple surgical procedure, yielding good result without morbidity...
May 20, 2023: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37126218/hepatic-glycogenolysis-and-hypometabolism-induced-by-chemogenetic-stimulation-of-c1-neurons
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chikara Abe, Chikako Katayama, Murat Bazek, Kento Ohbayashi, Kazuhiro Horii, Mamoru Tanida, Fumiaki Nin, Yusaku Iwasaki
The precise regulation of blood glucose levels is indispensable for maintaining physiological functions. C1 neurons determine the outflow of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems to maintain blood glucose levels in the body. In contrast, activation of C1 neurons induces a decrease in activity, suggesting that hypoactivity also participates in maintaining blood glucose levels. To examine this, we evaluated both glycogenolysis and hypometabolism induced by the selective activation of C1 neurons. We used DbhCre/0  mice expressing receptors for chemogenetic tools in C1 neurons, owing to microinjection of the viral vector...
May 1, 2023: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37037362/repeated-activation-of-c1-neurons-in-medulla-oblongata-decreases-anti-inflammatory-effect-via-the-hypofunction-of-the-adrenal-gland-adrenergic-response
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chikara Abe, Chikako Katayama, Murat Bazek, Yasuna Nakamura, Kento Ohbayashi, Kazuhiro Horii, Chisato Fujimoto, Mamoru Tanida, Yusaku Iwasaki, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Fumiaki Nin, Hironobu Morita
The immune system is known to be controlled by the autonomic nervous system including sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagus) nerves. C1 neurons in the medulla oblongata, which participate in the control of the autonomic nervous system, are responders to stressors and regulate the immune system. Short-term activation of C1 neurons suppresses inflammation, while the effect of a long-term activation of these neurons on the inflammatory reflex is unclear. We, herein, demonstrate that the coactivation of both the splenic sympathetic nerves and the adrenal gland adrenergic response are indispensable for the prognosis of acute lung injury...
April 8, 2023: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36970756/phospholipase-c-%C3%AE%C2%B5-defines-a-pacap-stimulated-pathway-for-secretion-in-the-chromaffin-cell
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohuan Chen, Breanna L Coffman, Rebecca L Brindley, Jason D Galpin, Christopher A Ahern, Kevin P M Currie, Alan V Smrcka, Daniel Axelrod, Arun Anantharam
Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells respond to splanchnic (sympathetic) nerve stimulation by releasing stress hormones into the circulation. The signal for hormone secretion is encoded in the neurotransmitters - especially acetylcholine (ACh) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) - that are released into the splanchnic-chromaffin cell synapse. However, functional differences in the effects of ACh and PACAP on the chromaffin cell secretory response are not well defined. Here, selective agonists of PACAP receptors or nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were applied to chromaffin cells...
March 12, 2023: Journal of Neuroendocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36923287/shock-induced-endotheliopathy-shine-a-mechanistic-justification-for-viscoelastography-guided-resuscitation-of-traumatic-and-non-traumatic-shock
#25
REVIEW
Connor M Bunch, Eric Chang, Ernest E Moore, Hunter B Moore, Hau C Kwaan, Joseph B Miller, Mahmoud D Al-Fadhl, Anthony V Thomas, Nuha Zackariya, Shivani S Patel, Sufyan Zackariya, Saadeddine Haidar, Bhavesh Patel, Michael T McCurdy, Scott G Thomas, Donald Zimmer, Daniel Fulkerson, Paul Y Kim, Matthew R Walsh, Daniel Hake, Archana Kedar, Michael Aboukhaled, Mark M Walsh
Irrespective of the reason for hypoperfusion, hypocoagulable and/or hyperfibrinolytic hemostatic aberrancies afflict up to one-quarter of critically ill patients in shock. Intensivists and traumatologists have embraced the concept of SHock-INduced Endotheliopathy (SHINE) as a foundational derangement in progressive shock wherein sympatho-adrenal activation may cause systemic endothelial injury. The pro-thrombotic endothelium lends to micro-thrombosis, enacting a cycle of worsening perfusion and increasing catecholamines, endothelial injury, de-endothelialization, and multiple organ failure...
2023: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36858405/-current-situation-and-prospect-of-researches-on-regularities-and-mechanisms-of-acupuncture-moxibustion-in-alleviating-chronic-inflammatory-response
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhi-Fang Xu, Yi-Nan Gong, Bao-Min Dou, Ze-Zhi Fan, Yue Zhang
The inflammatory response plays an important role in the onset, development and prognosis of inflammatory diseases and a variety of chronic diseases. Long-term uncontrolled inflammatory response may lead to dysfunction or loss of organ tissue function. Clinical practice and evidence-based medicine suggest that acupuncture can effectively alleviate the inflammatory status of various inflammatory diseases and chronic diseases. Stimulation of acupoints related to internal organs and target organs can initiate neuromodulation by modulating the microenvironment of acupoints...
February 25, 2023: Zhen Ci Yan Jiu, Acupuncture Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36826975/neuroimmunomodulation-of-adrenoblockers-during-liver-cirrhosis-modulation-of-hepatic-stellate-cell-activity
#27
REVIEW
Mariana Yazmin Medina Pizaño, María de Jesús Loera Arias, Roberto Montes de Oca Luna, Odila Saucedo Cárdenas, Javier Ventura Juárez, Martin Humberto Muñoz Ortega
The sympathetic nervous system and the immune system are responsible for producing neurotransmitters and cytokines that interact by binding to receptors; due to this, there is communication between these systems. Liver immune cells and nerve fibres are systematically distributed in the liver, and the partial overlap of both patterns may favour interactions between certain elements. Dendritic cells are attached to fibroblasts, and nerve fibres are connected via the dendritic cell-fibroblast complex. Receptors for most neuroactive substances, such as catecholamines, have been discovered on dendritic cells...
December 2023: Annals of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36796621/synaptotagmin-7-facilitates-acetylcholine-release-in-splanchnic-nerve-chromaffin-cell-synapses-during-nerve-activity
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
René N Caballero-Florán, Mounir Bendahmane, Julie P Gupta, Xiaohuan Chen, Xiaojun Wu, Alina Morales, Arun Anantharam, Paul M Jenkins
Disturbances that threaten homeostasis elicit activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the adrenal medulla. The effectors discharge as a unit to drive global and immediate changes in whole-body physiology. Descending sympathetic information is conveyed to the adrenal medulla via preganglionic splanchnic fibers. These fibers pass into the gland and synapse onto chromaffin cells, which synthesize, store, and secrete catecholamines and vasoactive peptides. While the importance of the sympatho-adrenal branch of the autonomic nervous system has been appreciated for many decades, the mechanisms underlying transmission between presynaptic splanchnic neurons and postsynaptic chromaffin cells have remained obscure...
February 14, 2023: Neuroscience Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36627097/the-role-of-peripheral-serotonin-and-norepinephrine-in-the-gastroprotective-effect-against-stress-of-duloxetine
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongwan Ding, Yinge Gao, Ying Wang, Kaiyun Yao, Guibin Wang, Jianjun Zhang
Duloxetine has been shown to produce gastroprotective effect against gastric ulcer induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) via modulation of NADPH oxidases in the gastric mucosa and neurometabolites of central nucleus of amygdala. However, the underlying mechanism based on the basic pharmacological function of duloxetine-regulation on serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) remains unclear. Here, we found that 5-HT level in platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was decreased but NE level in plasma was increased in rats exposed to WIRS, while pretreatment with duloxetine increased 5-HT in PPP dose-dependently and decreased NE in plasma of rats after WIRS...
January 7, 2023: European Journal of Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36450599/parapharyngeal-space-ganglioneuroma-clinical-experience-and-review-of-the-literature
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Li, Huajun Feng, Jiangxue Liao, Yilin Bao, Shengen Xu, Gang Qin
Ganglioneuroma is a rare benign tumor originating in the sympathetic ganglia, composed of differentiated ganglion cells, nerve sheath cells, and nerve fibers, which tend to occur in the posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneal, and other locations, occurring in the head and neck is relatively rare, and parapharyngeal space involvement is extremely rare. In our report, we present 2 adult male patients whose preoperative imaging and fine needle cytology did not confirm the diagnosis of a parapharyngeal space mass and who completely resected the tumor through a combined cervical and oral approach...
December 2023: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36436073/differences-in-the-regulatory-mechanism-of-blood-flow-in-the-orofacial-area-mediated-by-neural-and-humoral-systems
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ratna Ramadhani, Toshiya Sato, Yunosuke Okada, Hanako Ohke, Hisayoshi Ishii
Marked blood flow (BF) changes mediated by the autonomic neural and humoral systems may be important for orofacial hemodynamics and functions. However, it remains questionable whether differences in the autonomic vasomotor responses mediated by neural and humoral systems exist in the orofacial area. This study examined whether there are differences in changes in the BF and vascular conductance (VC) between the masseter muscle and lower lip mediated by autonomic neural and humoral systems in urethane-anesthetized rats...
November 27, 2022: Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36314444/autonomic-nerves-differentially-control-inflammation-during-endotoxaemia
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clarissa M D Mota
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 31, 2022: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36300612/adrenal-sympathetic-nerve-mediated-the-anti-inflammatory-effect-of-electroacupuncture-at-st25-acupoint-in-a-rat-model-of-sepsis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ziyi Zhang, Xiang Cui, Kun Liu, Xinyan Gao, Qingchen Zhou, Hanqing Xi, Yingkun Zhao, Dingdan Zhang, Bing Zhu
Acupuncture plays a vital anti-inflammatory action in sepsis by activating autonomic nerve anti-inflammatory pathways, such as sympathoadrenal medullary pathway, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the optimum parameter of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation in regulating the sympathoadrenal medullary pathway and evaluate EA's anti-inflammatory effect on sepsis. To determine the optimum parameter of EA at homotopic acupoint on adrenal sympathetic activity, the left adrenal sympathetic nerve firing rate evoked by different intensities of single shock electrical stimulation (ES) at ST25 in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated by in vivo electrophysiological recording, and the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolites normetanephrine (NMN) were also examined using mass spectrometry...
October 27, 2022: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36187089/myeloid-cell-derived-catecholamines-influence-bone-turnover-and-regeneration-in-mice
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melanie R Kuhn, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Elena Kempter, Stefan O Reber, Hiroshi Ichinose, Jean Vacher, Anita Ignatius, Miriam E A Tschaffon-Müller
Catecholamine signaling is known to influence bone tissue as reuptake of norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves into bone cells declines with age leading to osteoporosis. Further, β-adrenoceptor-blockers like propranolol provoke osteoprotective effects in osteoporotic patients. However, besides systemic adrenal and sympathetic catecholamine production, it is also known that myeloid cells can synthesize catecholamines, especially under inflammatory conditions. To investigate the effects of catecholamines produced by CD11b+ myeloid cells on bone turnover and regeneration, a mouse line with specific knockout of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, in CD11b+ myeloid cells (THflox/flox /CD11b-Cre+ , referred to as THCD11b-Cre ) was generated...
2022: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36075609/-research-progress-of-acupuncture-for-peripheral-inflammatory-response
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Na-Na Yang, Chun-Xia Tan, Yue-Jie Li, Ling-Yu Qi, Lu-Lu Lin, Jing-Wen Yang, Cun-Zhi Liu
Acupuncture can regulate peripheral inflammatory response mainly through somatosensory-vagal/sympathetic nerve-splenic/adrenal/local reflex pathway. Besides, acupuncture may also play an anti-inflammatory role through gut microbiota and neuro-endocrine pathway. The effects of acupuncture have acupoint specificity and time window effect, and are influenced by voltage, current and frequency of electroacupuncture. Future research should focus on the connection and interaction of multiple targets, pathways and mechanisms in the brain, and clarify the multi-target advantages of acupuncture anti-inflammatory...
September 12, 2022: Zhongguo Zhen Jiu, Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36056471/divergent-splanchnic-sympathetic-efferent-nerve-pathways-regulate-il-10-and-tnf-responses-to-endotoxaemia
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael J McKinley, Davide Martelli, Pedro Trevizan-Baú, Robin M McAllen
KEY POINTS: An endogenous neural reflex, mediated by the splanchnic, but not other sympathetic nerves, moderates the cytokine response to systemic inflammatory challenge. This reflex suppresses the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF, while enhancing levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The reflex enhancement of IL-10 depends on the splanchnic nerve supply to the adrenal gland and on β2 adrenoreceptors, consistent with mediation by circulating adrenaline. After splanchnic nerve section it can be rescued by restoring circulating adrenaline...
September 2, 2022: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35958006/atypical-ct-findings-of-renal-neuroblastoma-a-case-report
#37
Maoyan Jiang, Xianwen Hu, Kai Qian, Peiqing Yang, Yang Tang, Pan Wang, Jiong Cai
Background: The neuroblastoma (NB) is a highly malignant tumor of the ectoderm of sympathetic nerve cells and one of the most common malignant tumors in children, which can occur in any part of the sympathetic nerve plexus distribution, however it is less common in the kidney. Case Description: Here we present a case of a 4-year-old boy who came to our hospital for medical help because of "abdominal distension for 1 day". Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge retroperitoneal soft tissue mass with unclear boundaries with kidneys and adrenal glands, and low-density cystic necrosis areas were seen in the tumor...
July 2022: Translational Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35905838/proneuropeptide-y-and-neuropeptide-y-metabolites-in-healthy-volunteers-and-patients-with-a-pheochromocytoma-or-paraganglioma
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philippe J Eugster, Jonathan Maurer, Céline Vocat, Karim Abid, Maurice Matter, Grégoire Wuerzner, Roman Trepp, Stefan Fischli, Christoph Henzen, Walter Kolb, Stefan Bilz, Sarah Sigrist, Felix Beuschlein, Svenja Nölting, Astrid Reul, Ina Schütze, Scott A Hubers, Nancy J Brown, Eric Grouzmann
Neuropeptide Y (NPY1-36) is a vasoconstrictor peptide co-secreted with catecholamines by sympathetic nerves, the adrenal medulla, and neoplasms such as pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). It is produced by the intracellular cleavage of proNPY and metabolized into multiple fragments with distinct biological activities. NPY immunoassays for PPGL have a diagnostic sensitivity ranging from 33 to 100%, depending on the antibody used. We have validated a multiplex micro-UHPLC-MS/MS assay for the specific and sensitive quantification of proNPY, NPY1-39, NPY1-37, NPY1-36, NPY2-36, NPY3-36, NPY1-35, NPY3-35, and the C-flanking peptide of NPY (CPON) (collectively termed NPYs), and determined the NPYs reference intervals and concentrations in 32 PPGL patients before, during, and after surgery...
September 1, 2022: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35795145/basal-and-stress-induced-network-activity-in-the-adrenal-medulla-in-vivo
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jose R Lopez Ruiz, Stephen A Ernst, Ronald W Holz, Edward L Stuenkel
The adrenal medulla plays a critical role in mammalian homeostasis and the stress response. It is populated by clustered chromaffin cells that secrete epinephrine or norepinephrine along with peptides into the bloodstream affecting distant target organs. Despite been heavily studied, the central control of adrenal medulla and in-situ spatiotemporal responsiveness remains poorly understood. For this work, we continuously monitored the electrical activity of individual adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in the living anesthetized rat using multielectrode arrays...
2022: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35556359/activation-of-sympathetic-nervous-system-contributes-to-erthroprotein-gene-upregulation-by-hypobaric-hypoxia
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoyu Su, Timothy Matthews, Matthew Hildreth, Ying-Jie Peng, Jayasri Nanduri, Nanduri R Prabhakar
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) experienced at high altitude initiates a series of physiological adaptations to maintain homeostasis. One such adaptation is the activation of the Epo gene which encodes the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO). Increased circulating EPO levels defend against HH by facilitating blood O2 transport through increasing red blood cell production. HH also increases blood pressure (BP) through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the ensuing elevation of circulating catecholamine levels...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
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