Exercise

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is systemic metabolic disease that results from insulin resistance or obesity. Numerous meta-analyses have investigated the effect of exercise on different populations, but none were aimed at the effect of aerobic exercise alone on obese children. This review systematically assessed and performed a meta-analysis on the effect of aerobic exercise on obese children with MetS. CONTENT: MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane library were searched and screened from inception to 20 October 2020 for randomized controlled trials...

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of exergames versus conventional physical training on the cognitive skills of older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scientific studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Individual studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE Pro)...

Despite the compelling evidence of the long-run consequences of childhood inattention/hyperactivity and harmful side effects of stimulant medication, relatively little is known about accessible non-pharmacological options to reduce inattentive/hyperactive behaviours. This study evaluates the effect of daily exercise on inattentive/hyperactive behaviours among young children by leveraging evidence from a quasi-experiment generated when 3 Canadian provinces adopted mandatory requirements for all students in grades 1 through 6 to participate in 20-30 min of daily physical activity at school between 1994 and 2009...

OBJECTIVES: Computer game assisted task specific exercises (CGATSE) are rehabilitation gaming systems (RGS) used in stroke rehabilitation to facilitate patient performance of high intensity, task based, repetitive exercises aiming to enhance neuroplasticity. CGATSE maybe an appealing option in home based rehabilitation of stroke patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the effects of CGATSE on hemiplegic arm-hand function, cognitive function and quality of life in stroke...

BACKGROUND: There is no current consensus on assigning severity to food-induced allergic reactions, for example to assess the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy. Existing severity scores lack the capability to discriminate between non-anaphylaxis reactions of different severities. Attempts are ongoing to develop a more discriminatory score, which should ideally be data-driven and validated in multiple cohorts. OBJECTIVE: To undertake an exercise using 'Best-Worst Scaling' (BWS) to define a potential 'gold standard' against which severity scoring of food-induced allergic reactions can be refined...

PURPOSE: To estimate the effect of obesity on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk and evaluate to what extent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mediates this association. METHODS: Data came from 4,522 adults ages 45-84 participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Baseline obesity was defined using established BMI categories. NAFLD was measured by CT scans at baseline and incident T2DM defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or use of diabetes medications...

BACKGROUND: Older nursing home residents are often characterized by multimorbidity and dependency in activities of daily living. Most exercise studies in this setting aim at residents who are still able to walk despite the huge group of residents that is unable to walk. Thus, little is known about the effectiveness to improve cognitive and motor functions as well as well-being within this target group, e.g., by use of chair-based exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 16-week multicomponent chair-based exercise intervention on motor functions, cognition and well-being for nursing home residents who are unable to walk...

OBJECTIVES: People are living longer with complex health needs and wish to remain in their homes as their care needs change. We examined which client factors (sociodemographic, health service use, health, and function) influenced older persons' (≥65 years) time to transition from home living to assisted living (AL) or long-term care (LTC) facilities. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Long-term services and supports in Alberta, Canada...

OBJECTIVE: Physical education (PE) courses may provide young adults with opportunities to become active, however, enrollment in college PE courses remains low. PARTICIPANTS: This study examined psychosocial factors related to PE enrollment in a sample of 177 college students (29.4% completed a PE course). METHODS: Participants completed an online survey that inquired about demographic information, college PE enrollment, exercise self-efficacy, and several open-ended questions regarding their enrollment decisions...

Evaluate the effect of 12wks of concurrent training (CT) in extracellular matrix (ECM) of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in people living with HIV/aids (PLWHA). To the non-randomized clinical trial 19 participants, 11 healthy (HIV-) and 18 PLWHA under the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 1 year (HIV+). All participants engaged in a moderate-intensity CT program for 12 weeks, three times a week. Before and after CT, aerobic and strength performance were assessed, as well as anthropometry and biochemical blood profile...

Reduced exercise tolerance (whole body peak oxygen uptake, VO2 ) is a hallmark feature of both heart failure (HF) and cirrhosis1,2 . By the Fick equation, whole body peak VO2 is the product of cardiac output (central component) and O2 extraction (i.e., the arteriovenous O2 difference, peripheral component). In HF, multiple studies have described the important contributions of central and peripheral components to reduced peak VO2 3,4 .

In the past few years, self-tracking technologies have been celebrated for the possibilities they offer to 'optimize' fitness and wellbeing, yet also criticized for being rigid and isolating. In this article, we identify complex tracking arrangements that consist of a variety of data and multiple modalities of tracking emplaced within arrangements of actors and objects (digital/analog tracking devices and data output). We inquire into how these arrangements afford care. Based on our ethnographic research of gym culture in Denmark, we find that individuals make the technologies 'work' for them in ways that shield them from bodily or emotional distress...

As the U.S. population ages, communities must adapt to help older adults thrive. Built environment features, like safe sidewalks and crosswalks, provide the foundation for age- and physical activity-friendly communities. Controlled studies are needed to evaluate advocacy training programs that instruct and support seniors to advocate for more walkable neighborhoods. The Senior Change Makers Pilot Study evaluated an advocacy program that taught seniors to evaluate pedestrian environments using the validated MAPS-Mini audit tool, identify barriers, and advocate for improvements...

The aim of this work was to investigate physical activity levels and the associated barriers and facilitators to physical activity in Irish adults during initial COVID-19 restrictions. Members of the general population completed an online questionnaire. Responses from 1274 participants (1274/1568, 81% completion rate) indicated that the majority (46.1%, n = 587) of people were more active than usual during the restrictions, however, 28.6% (n = 365) reported being less active. Fifty-five percent (55...

AIMS : Despite the high use of cardioprotective medications, the risk factor control in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is still inadequate. Guidelines identify healthy lifestyles as equally important in secondary prevention as pharmacotherapy. Here, we describe reasons for poor lifestyle adherence from the patient's perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS : In the EUROASPIRE IV and V surveys, 16 259 CHD patients were examined and interviewed during a study visit ≥6 months after hospital discharge...

OBJECTIVES: Resistance training (RT) is a promising strategy to slow or prevent fluid cognitive decline during aging. However, the effects of strength-specific RT programs have received little attention. The purpose of this single-group proof of concept clinical trial was to determine whether a 12-week strength training (ST) program could improve fluid cognition in healthy older adults 60 to 80 years of age, and to explore concomitant physiological and psychological changes. METHODS: Twenty participants (69...

Objective: This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Design: This is the protocol of a living systematic review. Data sources: We will conduct searches in the L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that maps PICO questions to a repository maintained through regular searches in electronic databases, preprint servers, trial registries and other resources relevant to COVID-19...

The O2 uptake (V'O2 ) data at the onset of an exercise are usually fitted with a mono-exponential function, after removal of the data pertaining to a conventional initial time period (ΔTr) lasting ~20s. We performed a thorough quantitative analysis on the effects of removing data pertaining to different ΔTr, aiming at identifying an objective method to establish the appropriate ΔTr. Breath-by-breath O2 uptake responses, acquired on 25 healthy adults performing a step moderate-intensity exercise, and 104 simulated bi-exponential responses, were analyzed...

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INTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious chronic psychosomatic disorder, the essence of which are attempts to obtain a slim silhouette by deliberate weight loss (restrictive diet, strenuous physical exercise, provoking vomiting). The etiology of this disorder is multifactorial. Genetic factors which influence the predisposition to AN have been searched for. A broad meta-analysis points to a strong genetic correlation between AN and insulin resistance. Adiponectin (ADIPO) increases insulin sensitivity...