Exercise

Background: Mistakes in dietary choices and an unbalanced diet reduce the exercise capacity of athletes. Nutritional behaviours are conditioned by environmental and individual factors. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the scale of improper eating behaviours among high-performance Polish athletes depending on gender, sports level and type of discipline. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 610 athletes (391 men and 219 women)...

Background: The most important element of a well-balanced diet is a proper energetic value. Energy deficiencies are often observed in athletes, especially women. Energy deficiencies can lead to low energy availability which can cause serious health problems and affect exercise capacities. There is, therefore, a risk of health complications and reduced physical performance among female soccer players. Objective: The aim of this study was to check the frequency of low energy availability appearance in a group of women training soccer, which could results in negative health effects due to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)...

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of Yun's optimized pelvic floor training (OPFT) therapy for idiopathic moderate overactive bladder (OAB) with female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in young and middle-aged women. METHODS: Eighty 25－45 years old women with idiopathic moderate OAB companied by FSD were randomized into an experimental and a control group of equal number, the former treated by 6 weeks of Yun's OPFT therapy, followed by a 2-week washout period and then another 6 weeks of traditional pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME), while the latter by 6 weeks of traditional PFME, followed by a 2-week washout period also and then another 6 weeks of Yun's OPFT...

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been shown to be effective in increasing empathy in health professionals. Yet, more research is needed to analyze the specific influence of mindfulness exercises on biological variables involved in empathy, such as the biological system of oxytocin activity. In this study, we analyze the effects of a brief mindfulness session on positive and negative affect, state anxiety and salivary oxytocin (sOXT) in psychology students (N = 68). In the experimental group (n = 42), a mindfulness session was performed that included different guided meditation exercises...

The enthesis is a mineralized fibrocartilage transition that attaches tendon to bone and is vital for musculoskeletal function. Despite recent studies demonstrating the necessity of muscle loading for enthesis formation, the mechanisms that regulate enthesis formation and mechanoresponsiveness remain unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of the gap junction protein connexin43 in these processes by deleting Gja1 (the Cx43 gene) in the tendon and enthesis. Compared to their wild type (WT) counterparts, mice lacking Cx43 showed disrupted entheseal cell alignment, reduced mineralized fibrocartilage, and impaired biomechanical properties of supraspinatus tendon entheses during postnatal development...

In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and presented a major threat to public health. Nationwide, there were more than 70,000 confirmed cases, and 2500 deaths. Most patients were elderly, with severe disease. For acute respiratory infection, RT-PCR is routinely used to detect causative viruses in respiratory secretions. Coronavirus RNA can be detected from nose and throat swabs, sputum and other lower respiratory tract secretions, blood and feces...

BACKGROUND: Regular long-term physical exercise has favorable effects on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the effects of an acute exercise bout in the cold on endothelial function are not known. METHODS: At first, the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic lower-body exercise were assessed in CAD patients (n=16) in a neutral [+22°C] and cold [-15°C] environment. Secondly, responses to static and dynamic upper-body exercise in a neutral [+22°C] and cold [-15°C] environment were investigated in CAD patients (n=15)...

Importance: While many features of stable ischemic heart disease vary by sex, differences in ischemia, coronary anatomy, and symptoms by sex have not been investigated among patients with moderate or severe ischemia. The enrolled ISCHEMIA trial cohort that underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) was required to have obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) for randomization. Objective: To describe sex differences in stress testing, CCTA findings, and symptoms in ISCHEMIA trial participants...

Background and Objectives: Increased fall risk in older adults is associated with declining balance. Previous work showed that brief postural instructions can affect balance control in older adults with Parkinson's disease. Here, we assessed the effects of brief instructions on static and dynamic balance in healthy older adults. Research Design and Methods: Nineteen participants practiced three sets of instructions, then attempted to implement each instructional set during: (1) quiet standing on foam for 30 s with eyes open; (2) a 3-s foot lift...

Reduced muscle mass and increased fatiguability are major complications after spinal cord injury (SCI), and often hinder the rehabilitation efforts of patients. Such detriments to the musculoskeletal system, and the concomitant reduction in level of activity, contribute to secondary complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, bladder dysfunction and liver damage. As a result of decreased weight-bearing capacity after SCI, muscles undergo morphological, metabolic, and contractile changes. Recent studies have shown that exercise after SCI decreases muscle wasting and reduces the burden of secondary complications...

Introduction Emergency department (ED) patients with chronic disease are known to benefit from exercise; however, there are few studies examining the prescription of exercise in the ED. We asked, is exercise prescription in the ED feasible and effective? Methods In this pilot prospective block randomized trial, consented patients were divided into control and intervention groups. The control group received routine care. The intervention group received combined written and verbal prescriptions for moderate exercise of 150 minutes/week...

Background: Recent shoulder injury prevention programs have utilized resistance exercises combined with different forms of instability, with the goal of eliciting functional adaptations and thereby reducing the risk of injury. However, it is still unknown how an unstable weight mass (UWM) affects the muscular activity of the shoulder stabilizers. Aim of the study was to assess neuromuscular activity of dynamic shoulder stabilizers under four conditions of stable and UWM during three shoulder exercises...

This study explored the impact of two differing warm-up protocols (involving either resistance exercises or plyometric exercises) on running economy (RE) in healthy recreationally active participants. Twelve healthy university students [three males, nine females, age 20 ± 2 years, maximal oxygen uptake (38.4 ± 6.4 ml min-1 kg-1 )] who performed less than 5 h per week of endurance exercise volunteered to participant in this study. All participants completed three different warm-up protocols (control, plyometric, and resistance warm-up) in a counterbalanced crossover design with trials separated by 48 h, using a Latin-square arrangement...

Purpose: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by heightened sympathetic nervous activity, carotid chemoreceptor (CC) sensitivity, marked exercise intolerance and an exaggerated ventilatory response to exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CC inhibition on exercise cardiovascular and ventilatory function, and exercise tolerance in health and CHF. Methods: Twelve clinically stable, optimally treated patients with CHF (mean ejection fraction: 43 ± 2...

Objective. To describe the instructional design, implementation, and evaluation of an opioid overdose response program (ORP) and opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) training program to third-year pharmacy (P3) students. Methods. Using the 5-E learning cycle during a three-hour laboratory session, the authors developed an OEND training program. The training began with an engagement exercise encompassing validated pre-Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and pre-Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) assessments...

Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is an ominous sign in heart failure due to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) whatever it is represented. But EOV is detected also in normal healthy individuals and in other cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, however, its prevalence in these is not completed clear. The aim was to describe the occurrence of EOV in healthy subjects and the overall population all CVD patients who performing symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Healthy subjects were divided in athletes and normal subjects, while, CVD patients were subdivided into: i) t hose with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); ii) those with mild to moderate impairment of LVEF (41-49%); iii) those with severe impairment of LVEF (≤40%); iv) HFrEF or with preserved LVEF (HFpEF); and iv) patients after heart transplantation (HXT)...

BACKGROUND: We developed a standardized, comprehensive, ambulatory, hospital-based neu- rorehabilitation program ("MS-Fit") to improve disability, activities of daily living and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). AIM: To assess feasibility, adherence and satisfaction of the training intervention. DESIGN: Prospective multi-center cohort study analysis. POPULATION: PwMS, aged 18 to 75 years, complaining about multiple sclerosis-related disability affecting activities of daily living and/or quality of life...

da Silva Novaes, J, da Silva Telles, LG, Monteiro, ER, da Silva Araujo, G, Vingren, JL, Silva Panza, P, Reis, VM, Laterza, MC, and Vianna, JM. Ischemic preconditioning improves resistance training session performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a resistance exercise (RE) training session on the number of repetitions performed, total volume, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally trained and normotensive men...

PURPOSE: To determine age-dependent cutoff values for secondary exhaustion criteria for a general population free of exercise limiting chronic conditions; to describe the percentage of participants reaching commonly-used exhaustion criteria during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); and to analyze their oxygen uptake at the respective criteria in order to quantify the impact of a given criterion on the respective V[Combining Dot Above]O2 values. METHODS: Data from the COmPLETE-Health Study were analyzed involving participants from 20-91 years of age...

Various lifestyle factors including physical activity and obesity, stress, sleep, and smoking may modify the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In patients with established IBD, these lifestyle factors may significantly impact the natural history and clinical outcomes. Recreational exercise decreases the risk of flare and fatigue in patients with IBD. In contrast, obesity increases the risk of relapse and is associated with higher anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain and higher health care utilization...