Emergency medicine

At the end of 2019, an emerging outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first reported from Wuhan, China. The first manifestations of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was flu-like symptoms, while other type of manifestations, especially gastrointestinal manifestations were discovered recently. As of June 2020, there is no specific drug or treatment strategy for COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, so different combination of antiviral drugs is currently being used...

BACKGROUND: Previous findings from our group show that in the acute (ie, 6-10 weeks) post-injury period, women with concussions have a 70% greater risk of sexual dysfunction than those with extremity injuries. There are currently limited treatment options for the clinical management of concussions. Resilience is a protective, modifiable psychological construct that has been shown to improve concussion-related sequelae. To date, however, no research has evaluated how resilience impacts sexuality outcomes after concussion in women...

INTRODUCTION: Nocturnal hypoxemia is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Here, we assess whether positive airway pressure by adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) reduces nocturnal hypoxemic burden in patients with primary central sleep apnea (primary CSA), or heart failure related central sleep apnea (CSA-HF) and treatment emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA). METHODS: Overnight oximetry data from 328 consecutive patients who underwent ASV initiation between March 2010 and May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed...

PURPOSE: Despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity (PA) for young people (aged 4-19 years), most do not meet PA guidelines. Policies that support PA in schools may be promising, but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA. METHODS: This systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines...

The large families of the molecules of life are at the origin of the discovery of new compounds with which to treat disease. The arrival of artificial intelligence (AI) has considerably modified the search for innovative bioactive drugs and their therapeutic applications. Conventional approaches at different organizational research levels have emerged and, thus, AI associated with gene and cell therapies could supplant conventional pharmacotherapy and facilitate the diagnosis of pathologies. Using the examples of chronic pain and neuropathic disorders, which affect a large number of patients, I illustrate here how AI could generate new therapeutic approaches, why some compounds are seen as recreational drugs and others as medicinal drugs, and why, in some countries, psychedelic drugs are considered as potential therapeutic drugs but not in others...

BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits around the world. Up to 90% of injuries are classified as mTBI. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) is a standard diagnosis tool to identify intracranial complications in adults with mTBI.Alternatively, children can be admitted for inpatient observation with CCT scans performed only on those with clinical deterioration. The use of blood biomarkers is a supplementary tool for identifying patients at risk of intracerebral lesions who may need imaging...

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infections and is known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. At present, the disease has been posing a serious threat to the communities, and it is critical to know the communities' level of adherence on COVID-19 prevention measures. Thus, this study aimed to identify the predictors of adherence to COVID-19 prevention measure among communities in North Shoa zone, Ethiopia by using a health belief model...

Humans adjust their behavioral strategies to maximize rewards. However, in the laboratory, human decisional biases exist and persist in two alternative tasks, even when this behavior leads to a loss in utilities. Such biases constitute the tendency to choose one action over others and emerge from a combination of external and internal factors that are specific for each individual. Here, we explored the idea that internally-mediated decisional biases should stably occur and, hence, be reflected across multiple behavioral tasks...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to derive and validate a triage tool, based on clinical assessment alone, for predicting adverse outcome in acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We undertook a mixed prospective and retrospective observational cohort study in 70 emergency departments across the United Kingdom (UK). We collected presenting data from 22445 people attending with suspected COVID-19 between 26 March 2020 and 28 May 2020. The primary outcome was death or organ support (respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal) by record review at 30 days...

Urban scaling and Zipf's law are two fundamental paradigms for the science of cities. These laws have mostly been investigated independently and are often perceived as disassociated matters. Here we present a large scale investigation about the connection between these two laws using population and GDP data from almost five thousand consistently-defined cities in 96 countries. We empirically demonstrate that both laws are tied to each other and derive an expression relating the urban scaling and Zipf exponents...

BACKGROUND: Early recognition of COVID-19 cases is essential for effective public health measures aimed at isolation of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). The objective of this study was to describe characteristics, self-reported symptoms, and predictors of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community-based sample. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This was a cross-sectional nationwide survey of adults in the US conducted between April 24 through May 13, 2020...

The Goss's bacterial wilt pathogen, Clavibacter nebraskensis, of corn is a candidate A1 quarantine organism; and its recent re-emergence and spread in the USA and Canada is a potential biothreat to the crop. We developed and tested an amplicon-based Nanopore detection system for C. nebraskensis (Cn), targeting a purine permease gene. The sensitivity (1 pg) of this system in mock bacterial communities (MBCs) spiked with serially diluted DNA of C. nebraskensis NCPPB 2581T is comparable to that of real-time PCR...

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platforms incorporate large course catalogs from which individual students may register multiple courses. We performed a network-based analysis of student achievement, considering how course-course interactions may positively or negatively affect student success. Our data set included 378,000 users and 1,000,000 unique registration events in France Université Numérique (FUN), a national MOOC platform. We adapt reliability theory to model certificate completion rates with a Weibull survival function, following the intuition that students "survive" in a course for a certain time before stochastically dropping out...

BACKGROUND: "Stress" is an emerging problem in our society, health care system as well as patient care, worldwide. Especially by focusing on pre-gestational, gestational but also lactation phases "stress" is to be considered as an own trans-generational risk factor which is associated with adverse metabolic as well cardiovascular outcomes in mothers and their children. Hence, the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenotrophic (HPA) axis may be stimulated by various "stress" mechanisms as well as risk factors leading to an adverse in utero environment, e...

The pathological interaction between oak trees and Phytophthora cinnamomi has implications in the cork oak decline observed over the last decades in the Iberian Peninsula. During host colonization, the phytopathogen secretes effector molecules like elicitins to increase disease effectiveness. The objective of this study was to unravel the proteome changes associated with the cork oak immune response triggered by P. cinnamomi inoculation in a long-term assay, through SWATH-MS quantitative proteomics performed in the oak leaves...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Schema therapy (ST) has become a mainstream therapy for the treatment of psychopathology and has been validated through a series of large scale, international randomized control trials. Among other things, schema therapy emphasizes the meeting of core emotional needs in children by primary caregivers as these unmet needs continue to adversely affect their lives into adulthood. An early intervention parenting program has been developed to help parents meet these core emotional needs in order to prevent the development of psychopathology in the first place...

OBJECTIVE: This overview of reviews aims to map and compare of objectives, methods, and findings of existing systematic reviews to develop a greater understanding of the information available about prolonged beta-lactam infusions in hospitalized patients with infection. DESIGN: Overview of systematic reviews. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, PROSPERO and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January, 1990 to June, 2019 using a peer reviewed search strategy...

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has emerged as a clinically important neurotropic virus following poliovirus eradication. Recent studies have shown that human tonsillar epithelial cell lines (UT-SCC-60A and UT-SCC-60B) were susceptible to EV-A71, suggesting that human tonsillar crypt epithelium could be important in EV-A71 pathogenesis. However, the mechanism about how EV-A71 infects the upper oro-digestive tract remains largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the human tonsillar epithelial cells infected with EV-A71 underwent apoptotic, in which cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria to the cytosol and caspase-9 was activated, while caspase-2 and -8 were not cleaved or activated during the infection...

Background: Depression is common in the oncology patient population. Little data exist on the impact of depression on health care utilization. Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of depression and the relationship between depression and health care utilization in patients with cancer. Design: This cross-sectional study utilized patient-reported outcome data from predominately Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. We examined the emergency department visits and inpatient admissions within 3 months from survey...

Patients with substance use disorder have higher rates of discharge against medical advice, despite frequently presenting to emergency departments with significant and life-threatening comorbid conditions. A Ulysses contract, in the form of a substance use advance directive, would allow these patients to maintain their autonomy while providing a means for them to complete treatment for these comorbid conditions.