COPD review

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health concern, characterised by ventilatory constraints, decreased cardiovascular fitness and reduced limb muscle function, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Aerobic training plays a crucial role in the treatment of COPD, but the variability in methodologies and incomplete reporting of key components in aerobic training trials limits the assessment of their effectiveness. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the application of training principles and reporting of key components in aerobic training trials in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the COPD literature...

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to critically evaluate and synthesize the economic outcomes of various therapeutic strategies employed to manage cachexia patients. METHODS: A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials and observational studies was conducted from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2023, using PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials Registry, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, British Medical Journal, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, and ScienceDirect, following PRISMA guidelines...

The coexistence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and myasthenia gravis (MG) is rare. When similar symptoms of both diseases overlap, it is challenging to make a concomitant diagnosis of PD and MG. The present study describes the case of a patient with concomitant PD and MG. In addition, a systematic literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and Embase for reports on all patients with concomitant PD and MG, which were then grouped and compared according to different preexisting diseases. Finally, a total of 47 cases of concomitant PD and MG (35 men; 12 women), including the present case, were analyzed...

INTRODUCTION: Mucus pathology plays a critical role in airway diseases like chronic bronchitis (CB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Up to 32% of community-living persons report clinical manifestations of mucus pathology (e.g., cough and sputum production). However, airway mucus pathology has not been systematically studied in community-living individuals. In this study, we will use an objective, reproducible assessment of mucus pathology on chest computed tomography (CT) scans from community-living individuals participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohorts...

(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) are a potentially valuable prevention approach. This review aims to provide an overview of existing CLIs for the prevention and management of asthma or COPD. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Studies were included if CLIs targeted at least two lifestyle factors...

Inhaled ciprofloxacin (CFX) has been investigated as a treatment for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis. The challenges in CFX effectiveness for LRTI treatment include poor aqueous solubility and therapy resistance. CFX dry powder for inhalation (DPI) formulations were well-tolerated, showing a remarkable decline in overall bacterial burden compared to a placebo in bronchiectasis patients. Recent research using an inhalable powder combining Pseudomonas phage PEV20 with CFX exhibited a substantial reduction in bacterial density in mouse lungs infected with clinical P...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common condition with an estimated prevalence of 12% in adults over the age of 30 years worldwide. COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a substantial economic and social burden. There are an estimated 3 million deaths annually due to COPD. However, most of the patients with COPD respond to routine interventions like bronchodilator therapy, assessing supplemental oxygen needs, smoking cessation, vaccinations, and pulmonary rehabilitation...

BACKGROUND: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more likely to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. Increased sedentary behaviour is associated with adverse health consequences and reduced life expectancy. AIM: This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to report the factors contributing to sedentary behaviour in people with COPD. METHODS: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library) was conducted and supported by a clinician librarian in March 2023...

BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic ultrasound is increasingly used to assess patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The present study aims to investigate diaphragmatic dysfunction in COPD patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: In December 2022,The researchers studied four international databases such as Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ISI/WOS, and Scopus. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles...

Short-acting bronchodilators are a class of medications commonly used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other respiratory conditions. The use of these medications has evolved over time as we have gained a better understanding of their effectiveness and safety in the pediatric population. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of short-acting β2-agonists and short-acting anticholinergics in children. It addresses indications, contraindications, safety considerations, and highlights areas where further research is needed to guide the most effective use of short-acting bronchodilators...

INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of home high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for the treatment of chronic respiratory failure in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) has not been summarized. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness, adherence, and safety of HFNC in the long-term treatment of patients with chronic respiratory diseases and respiratory failure. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Web of science, and SCOPUS were search up to August 2023...

PURPOSE: Pulmonary complications (PC) are a serious condition with a 20% mortality rate. However, few reports have examined risk factors for PC after colorectal surgery. This study investigated the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors for PC after colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: Between January 2016 and December 2022, we retrospectively reviewed 3979 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery in seven participating hospitals. Patients were divided into patients who experienced PC (PC group, n = 54) and patients who did not (non-PC group, n = 3925)...

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence indicates the microbial ecology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is intricately associated with the disease's status and severity, and distinct microbial ecological variations exist between COPD and healthy control (HC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize microbial diversity indices and taxa relative abundance of oral, airway, and intestine microbiota of different stages of COPD and HC to make comparisons. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant English articles on the oral, airway, and intestine microbiota in COPD published between 2003 and 8 May 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Physician-modified fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (PM-FBEVAR) for the aortic arch provides a minimally invasive treatment option for patients who are too high-risk for open repair. Improvements in technique are gained with ongoing experience with these complex repairs. This study aims to describe outcomes of arch PM-FBEVAR and technical lessons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent PM-FBEVAR with zone 0 proximal sealing at a single institution between January 2019 and July 2023 was performed...

BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with exacerbations and high risk of serious outcomes. Our goal was to determine the appropriateness of the ED management of COPD exacerbations. METHODS: This observational cohort study incorporated a health records review and included COPD exacerbation cases seen at two large academic EDs. We included all patients with the primary diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. From the electronic medical record, demographic and clinical data were abstracted, and the Ottawa COPD Risk Score (OCRS) was calculated for each...

Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems globally. While bronchodilators, such as glycopyrronium and formoterol, are cornerstone therapies for COPD management, combining these agents has gained attention for potentially improving outcomes compared to monotherapy. This comprehensive review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of glycopyrronium/formoterol (GFF) combination therapy versus glycopyrronium monotherapy in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD...

INTRODUCTION: Lung graft allocation can be based on a score (Lung Allocation Score) as in the USA or sequential proposals combined with a discrete priority model as in France. We aimed to analyse the impact of allocation policy on the outcome of urgent lung transplantation (LT). METHODS: US United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and French Cristal databases were retrospectively reviewed to analyse LT performed between 2007 and 2017. We analysed the mortality risk of urgent LT by fitting Cox models and adjusted Restricted Mean Survival Time...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify trends in hospital (HLOS) and ICU (ICULOS) lengths of stay, and the relationship with cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) protocols in patients undergoing fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent elective FB-EVAR for extent I-IV TAAAs between 2008-2023 at a single aortic center of excellence was conducted...

CONTEXT: Sex and gender are related concepts, but they have distinct meanings and implications. Respiratory diseases are a major driver of morbi-mortality. It is frequent that respirologists, primary care doctors, or other specialists, when dealing with respiratory patients, and aiming for a holistic management of their patients, they all skip any question or matter associated with sexual activity or behavior. OBJECTIVES: To review how sexual activity is explored in respiratory patients...