Inflammation therapy

BACKGROUND: The progression and persistence of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) are strongly linked to local inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Cyclophilin A (CypA), a pro-inflammatory factor, is involved in various cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of action of CypA in MI/RI are still not fully understood. METHODS: We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for bioinformatic analysis. We collected blood samples from patients and controls for detecting the levels of serum CypA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits...

RATIONALE: This article presents a complex case of refractory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and outlines its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Considering inadequate responses to conventional and steroid treatments, the potential efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin is explored. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient, an elderly individual, experienced short-term fever and sore throat after encountering the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic...

Microneedles for skin regeneration are conventionally restricted by uncontrollable multi-drug release, limited types of drugs, and poor wound adhesion. Here, a novel core-shell microneedle patch is developed for scarless skin repair, where the shell is composed of hydrophilic gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) loaded with mangiferin, an anti-inflammatory small molecule, and the core is composed of hydrophobic poly (lactide- co -propylene glycol- co -lactide) dimethacrylates (PGLADMA) loaded with bioactive macromolecule and human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC)-derived exosomes...

Pediatric brain tumors are the primary cause of death in children with cancer. Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are frequently unresectable due to their difficult access location, and 5-year survival remains less than 20%. Despite significant advances in tumor biology and genetics, treatment options remain limited and ineffective. Immunotherapy using T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that has been genetically engineered is quickly emerging as a new treatment option for these patients...

BACKGROUND: Melioidosis is a bacterial infection associated with high mortality. The diagnostic approach to this rare disease in Europe is challenging, especially because pulmonary manifestation of melioidosis can mimic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Antibiotic therapy of melioidosis consists of an initial intensive phase of 2-8 weeks followed by an eradication therapy of 3-6 months. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient with pulmonary melioidosis in Germany...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation and nutrition are important parameters that significantly affect survival in various malignancies. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) can reflect both inflammatory and nutritional conditions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PNI and mGPS in patients who had the targetable mutation and also received targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Advanced lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation (mut) and ALK rearrangement were enrolled to study, retrospectively...

PURPOSE: To present a case of aspergillus-induced endogenous endophthalmitis evolving into delayed lumbosacral osteomyelitis, initially misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in an immunocompetent patient. METHOD: Case Report. RESULTS: A 38-year-old woman, initially treated for pneumonia, experienced sudden loss of vision in her left eye, prompting a thorough examination that revealed a distinct chorioretinal infiltrate. Microbiological analysis of the patient's vitreous samples detected Aspergillus fumigatus, leading to the diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis...

Pegylated interferon alpha 2a continues to be used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis D. The reported on-treatment virologic response varies between 17 and 47%, with relapses in more than 50% of these patients. No stopping rules have been defined, and the duration of the treatment is not clearly established, but it should be between 48 and 96 weeks. In total, 76 patients with compensated liver disease treated with peg-interferon according to the Romanian National protocol for the treatment of hepatitis D were retrospectively included...

This study explores the potential efficacy of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in mitigating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cystitis in a mice model. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), LPS, LPS + low CGA, and LPS + high CGA. Evaluation methods included cystometrogram (CMG), histopathological, western blot, and immunohistological analysis. In the LPS group, CMG revealed abnormal voiding behavior with increased micturition pressure, voided volume (VV), and decreased voided frequency. Low CGA treatment in LPS mice demonstrated improved micturition pressure and inter-contraction intervals (ICI)...

Structural muscle changes, including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, follow rotator cuff tendon tear and are associated with a high repair failure rate. Despite extensive research efforts, no pharmacological therapy is available to successfully prevent both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after tenotomy of tendomuscular unit without surgical repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are identified as a key transcription factors involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. PARP inhibitors have been shown to influence muscle degeneration, including mitochondrial hemostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic activity, and reduced degenerative changes in a knockout mouse model...

Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone regulator that maintains homeostasis through circadian rhythms, and desynchronization of these rhythms can lead to gastrointestinal disorders and increase the risk of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies have shown that exogenous melatonin alleviates the harmful effects of anticancer therapy and improves quality of life, but the results are still inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of the studies. A personalized approach to testing clinical parameters and response to integrative treatment with nontoxic and bioavailable melatonin in patient-centered N-of-1 studies deserves greater attention...

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. This term covers a broad spectrum of liver lesions, from simple steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of ALD is multifactorial and not fully elucidated due to complex mechanisms related to direct ethanol toxicity with subsequent hepatic and systemic inflammation. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the development and progression of ALD. To date, there are no targeted therapies to counter the progression of chronic alcohol-related liver disease and prevent acute liver failure...

Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple physiological processes, such as development, neuronal cell death and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Given its different enzymatic activities, aberrant expression or activity of TG2 can contribute to tumorigenesis, including in peripheral and central nervous system tumors...

INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis, an infectious inflammatory condition, is a key contributor to sustained systemic inflammation, intricately linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in developed nations. Treating periodontitis with subgingival mechanical instrumentation with or without adjunctive antimicrobials reduces the microbial burden and local inflammation, while also potentially bringing systemic benefits for patients with both periodontitis and CVD...

Ischemic stroke triggers a complex cascade of cellular and molecular events leading to neuronal damage and tissue injury. This review explores the potential therapeutic avenues targeting cellular signaling pathways implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Specifically, it focuses on the articles that highlight the roles of RhoA/ROCK and mTOR signaling pathways in ischemic brain injury and their therapeutic implications. The RhoA/ROCK pathway modulates various cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics and inflammation, while mTOR signaling regulates cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin insufficiency as a consequence of the pancreatic β-cells' auto-immune attack. Nowadays, the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exs) as the main cell-free therapy for diabetes treatment is becoming more and more extensive. In non-autologous therapy, researchers are moving towards a new strategy based on loading MSC-Exs with certain drugs, aimed at maintaining and maximizing the function of exosomes at the function site and enhancing their efficiency and safety...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD...

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI, e.g. sports concussions) may be associated with both acute and chronic symptoms and neurological changes. Despite the common occurrence of these injuries, therapeutic strategies are limited. One potentially promising approach is N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blockade to alleviate the effects of post-injury glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Initial preclinical work using the NMDAR antagonist, memantine, suggests that immediate treatment following rmTBI improves a variety of acute outcomes...

Stem cell therapy represents a good alternative therapy to the degenerated or damaged tissue. Stem cells have been used solely or in combination with a scaffold. The latter offers a structural advantage as it allows the cells to grow in 3 Dimensional (3-D) conditions mimicking the in vivo environments. We have previously reported the development of a 3-D Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-conjugated cotton-based scaffold for the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The scaffold allowed the adhesion of the MSCs and their proliferation without compromising their viability and their stem cell markers...

PURPOSE: This study explores the relationship between acquired punctal stenosis (PS) and ocular surface disease (OSD), assessing causal mechanisms and clinical impacts, utilizing a combination of a comprehensive literature review and a detailed analysis of a patient cohort from a tertiary care center. METHODS: Data from 213 PS patients at Sheba Medical Center were retrospectively analyzed, evaluating various OSD symptoms and treatment effectiveness through standardized clinical assessments and statistical tests...