Chemotherapy inducing anemia

In the FIGHTDIGO study, digestive cancer patients with dynapenia experienced more chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities. FIGHTDIGOTOX aimed to evaluate the relationship between pre-therapeutic handgrip strength (HGS) and chemotherapy-induced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) or all-grade toxicity in digestive cancer patients. HGS measurement was performed with a Jamar dynamometer. Dynapenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 criteria (<27 kg (men); <16 kg (women)). DLT was defined as any toxicity leading to dose reduction, treatment delay, or permanent discontinuation...

The use of cisplatin as a chemotherapeutic drug is impeded by the development of drug resistance. Combination therapies of a chemosensitizer for cisplatin have been studied, but with little success, and the search for an effective combination therapy is continuing. Our earlier reports have shown that Zanthoxylum armatum DC. extract enhances the apoptotic effect of cisplatin in cancer cell lines. In this study, we purified and identified the bioactive phytocompound through bio-assay-guided purification, using column chromatography and HPLC...

Thrombocytopenia is one of the most common complications of cancer therapy. Until now, there are still no satisfactory medications to treat chemotherapy and radiation-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT and RIT, respectively). Caulis Polygoni Multiflori (CPM), one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs, has been well documented to nourish blood for tranquilizing the mind and treating anemia, suggesting its beneficial effect on hematopoiesis. However, it is unknown whether CPM can accelerate megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis...

In the therapy of cisplatin (CP), nephrotoxicity is a main limiting issue that associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis. According to many studies, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ajwa dates are very strong, due to the unique phytochemical profile. Here, we investigated the possible mitigative effects of Ajwa dates fruits extract (ADFE) vs CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, in addition to phytochemical profiling of its components via LC-MS/MS. Six groups were formed from forty-two male rats...

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) consists of a group of occlusive microvascular disorders, which include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). TMA can be classified as primary or secondary based on the etiology. Gemcitabine-induced TMA is a rare side effect of the drug with varying clinical presentations. We present a case involving the classic triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, and renal failure associated with gemcitabine. Gemcitabine was immediately stopped, and our patient's condition improved with conservative management...

G6PD deficiency is an inherited condition characterized by a lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, leading to hemolytic anemia after any oxidative stress. Many therapeutic agents have been implicated in hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients, but little is known about the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in cancer patients. Data regarding the use and safety of chemotherapy in this population is extremely rare. We report the case of a 20-year-old male patient known to have G6PD deficiency who was diagnosed with a stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT)...

CONTEXT: Patients with R/R DLBCL who fail or are ineligible for ASCT have poor outcomes with standard palliative chemotherapy. Epcoritamab is a subcutaneously administered CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody that demonstrated substantial antitumor activity in R/R DLBCL. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of epcoritamab + GemOx in patients with R/R DLBCL who are ineligible for ASCT in arm 5 of a phase 1/2, open-label trial (EPCORE NHL-2; NCT04663347). PATIENTS: Adults with R/R CD20+ DLBCL who failed or were ineligible for ASCT were included...

CONTEXT: Patients with TP53-mutated AML have a poor prognosis. Magrolimab is an antibody blocking CD47, a "don't eat me" signal on cancer cells, which induces tumor phagocytosis and is synergistic with azacitidine. OBJECTIVE: Report final tolerability and efficacy data. DESIGN: Ph1b single-arm trial of magrolimab+azacitidine (NCT03248479). PATIENTS: 72 frontline patients with TP53-mutated AML unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant neoplastic disease arising from myeloid cell lines. AML is characterized by the proliferation of immature, nonfunctional cells in the bone marrow. Excessive proliferation of immature blasts in the bone marrow impairs all other cell lines, resulting in anemia, clotting disorders, and increased susceptibility to infections. Standard of care for treatment involves cytarabine and anthracycline-based regimens. A major concern with such regimens is the acquisition of drug-induced toxicities and subsequent development of drug-resistance...

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that about 30% of esophageal cancer (EC) patients are over 70 years old. Therefore, there is less evidence on the diagnosis and management of elderly EC patients. It is important to explore how elderly EC patients benefit from radical radiochemotherapy regimens, including the target area of radiotherapy (RT), radiation dose and fraction, and choice of chemotherapy drugs. AIM: To compare the efficacy of involved-field intensity-modulated RT (IF-IMRT) combined with S-1 vs RT alone in the treatment of elderly EC patients in terms of safety, short-term response, and survival...

BACKGROUND: Anemia in the elderly is a cause of concern. It is not merely physiological due to aging and requires appropriate evaluation. Anemia has a significant negative impact on cardiac function, cognition, sleep, frequent hospitalization, mobility, morbidity, and mortality. Anemia in the elderly is attributable to many causes: nutrient deficiencies, chronic inflammatory diseases, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal (GI) tumors and bleeding, chemotherapy-induced anemia, and drug-induced hemolysis...

Background: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening drug-related complication. There are no previous reports of pemetrexed plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, resulting in DIIHA. Case presentation: In this report, a patient with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma developed severe immune hemolytic anemia 21 days after pemetrexed plus cisplatin chemotherapy. Laboratory findings showed severe hemolysis, including a rapid decrease in hemoglobin (HGB) and an elevated level of reticulocytes (Rets), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)...

Bleomycin is an antibiotic that is often used as a chemotherapeutic agent due to its antitumor activities against a variety of malignancies. A feared and often fatal side effect of this drug is a pulmonary injury causing inflammation that can progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin damages lung endothelial cells by the production of free radicals that can only occur when it is bound to certain metals in the body. It forms a complex with iron and once activated by iron reduction, it destroys deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore the effectiveness of trilaciclib and ALRN-6924 in the prevention of cancer chemotherapy-induced toxicity in older patients. New chemoprotective agents are necessary because age is the main risk factor for chemotherapy complications that account largely for the poorer outcome of cancer in the elderly. Trilaciclib and ALRN-6924 cause a reversible block of the proliferation of normal cells through cell cycle arrest (CCA). With this mechanism, they may prevent the toxicity of cycle-active cancer treatment including neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, mucositis, and alopecia...

Pyridoxine deficiency is a rare but identifiable cause of sideroblastic anemia, depression, and peripheral neuropathy. Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs display structural similarity to pyridoxine, which interferes with the absorption and hence the efficacy of the drug. If left untreated, it can lead to irreversible axonal loss and permanent deficits, leading to falls. Our case is a highly unusual scenario of isolated pyridoxine deficiency presenting as peripheral neuropathy and depression as a delayed side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) still has a poor prognosis and remains a major therapeutic challenge. When curative resection is not possible, palliative systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine and platinum derivate as first line followed by a 5-FU doublet combination as second line is the standard therapy. Recently, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have rapidly emerged as personalized therapeutic approaches requiring previous tumor sequencing and molecular profiling. BRCA mutations are well-characterized targets for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi)...

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare subtype of lung malignant tumor. Conventional chemotherapy has a suboptimal effectiveness. PSC has the characteristics of rapid disease progression and poor prognosis. We herein report a 56-year-old male patient with substantial smoking history was pathologically diagnosed as PSC, cT4N0M0 IIIA stage. Peripheral blood NGS showed TP53 mutation. The patient had poor tolerance to the first-line chemotherapy regimen "albumin paclitaxel + cisplatin," but the severe anemia was significantly improved after 5 days of anti-angiogenic therapy with Anlotinib...

Iron metabolism are frequently disrupted in cancer. Patients with cancer are prone to anemia and receive transfusions frequently; the condition which results in iron overload, contributing to serious therapeutic complications. Iron is introduced as a carcinogen that may increase tumor growth. However, investigations regarding its impact on response to chemotherapy, particularly the induction of drug resistance are still limited. Here, iron contribution to cell signaling and various molecular mechanisms underlying iron-mediated drug resistance are described...

BACKGROUND: Liver involvement in adults with acute myeloid leukemia is uncommon. Most of the case reports describe acute liver failure or obstructive jaundice, while acute hepatitis is rarely mentioned. We report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who presented with clinical, biochemical, and radiological signs of acute hepatitis that totally regressed after chemotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old Caucasian man presented with fever, cough, and mild fatigue...

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of cancer-related anemia is multifactorial, including that of chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). The guidelines are not consistent in their approach to the use of intravenous (IV) iron in patients with cancer as part of the clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All randomized controlled trials that compared IV iron with either no iron or iron taken orally for the treatment of CIA were included. We excluded trials if erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were used...