Thrombus

OBJECTIVE: Endovenous ablation is the standard of care for patients with symptomatic superficial venous insufficiency. For patients with a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), there is concern for an increased risk of post-procedural complications, particularly venous thromboembolism (VTE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovenous thermal ablation in patients with a history of DVT. METHODS: The national Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) Varicose Vein Registry (VVR) was queried for superficial venous procedures performed from January 2014-July 2021...

Acute myocardial infarction continues to account for a growing burden of heart failure worldwide. Despite existing therapies, new approaches for reducing the extent of damage and better managing heart failure progression are urgently needed. Preclinical large animal models are a critical step in the translation of scientific discoveries toward clinical trials and therapeutic application. In this chapter, we detail methods to induce swine models of myocardial infarction through catheter-mediated approaches involving either temporary (ischemia-reperfusion) or permanent (thrombus injection or embolic coil) occlusions...

BACKGROUND: Up to 15% of patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) harbors tumor thrombus (TT). In those cases, radical nephrectomy (RN) and thrombectomy represents the standard of care. We assessed the impact of TT on long-term functional and oncological outcomes in a large contemporary cohort. METHODS: Within a prospective maintained database, 1207 patients undergoing RN for non-metastatic RCC between 2000 and 2021 at a single tertiary centre were identified...

Standard multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) uses a single X-ray tube to emit a mixed energy X-ray beam, which is received by a single detector. The difference is that dual-energy CT (DECT), a new equipment in recent years, employs a single X-ray tube or two X-ray tubes to emit two single-energy X-ray beams, which are received by a single or two detectors. The application of dual-energy technology to portal venography has become one of the research hotspots. This paper will elaborate on the clinical application values of DECT portal venography in improving portal vein image quality, distinguishing the nature of portal vein thrombus, reducing contrast agent dose and radiation dose, and will discuss the possibility of its movement from research to routine practice and future development opportunities...

BACKGROUND: Echocardiography has been proven to be a useful tool for detecting atrial- occupying lesions, ranging from primary or secondary tumors to thrombi. Although the precise diagnosis is important as clinical treatment modalities differ, sometimes differentiating a thrombus from a myxoma is very difficult. CASE REPORT: From January 2019 to December 2022, we retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic findings of 8 patients who were found to have an interatrial mass...

Accurate etiologic diagnosis provides an appropriate secondary prevention and better prognosis in ischemic stroke (IS) patients; still, 45% of IS are cryptogenic, urging us to enhance diagnostic precision. We have studied the transcriptomic content of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) ( n = 21) to identify potential biomarkers of IS etiologies. The proteins encoded by the selected genes were measured in the sera of IS patients ( n = 114) and in hypertensive patients with ( n = 78) and without atrial fibrillation (AF) ( n = 20)...

Optimal myocardial reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is increasingly recognized to be beyond restoring epicardial coronary flow. Both invasive and non-invasive tools have highlighted the limitation of using this metric, and more efforts are focused towards achieving optimal reperfusion at the level of the microcirculation. Recent data highlighted the close relationship between thrombus burden and impaired microcirculation in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)...

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (TACE-TKI-ICI) versus TKIs plus ICIs (TKI-ICI) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with first- or lower-order portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in HCC patients with first- or lower-order PVTT receiving TKIs (Lenvatinib or sorafenib) plus ICIs (camrelizumab, sintilimab, or atezolizumab) with or without TACE from four institutions between January 2019 and January 2022...

Long-term patency and ability for revascularization remain challenges for small-caliber blood vessel grafts to treat cardiovascular diseases clinically. Here, a gelatin/heparin coated bio-inspired polyurethane composite fibers-based artificial blood vessel with continuous release of NO and biopeptides to regulate vascular tissue repair and maintain long-term patency is fabricated. A biodegradable polyurethane elastomer that can catalyze S-nitrosothiols in the blood to release NO is synthesized (NPU). Then, the NPU core-shell structured nanofiber grafts with requisite mechanical properties and biopeptide release for inflammation manipulation are fabricated by electrospinning and lyophilization...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Marine natural products are important sources of novel drugs. In this study, we isolated 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) from the marine-derived fungus Emericellopsis maritima Y39-2. The antithrombotic activity and mechanism of HPA were reported for the first time. Using a zebrafish model, we found that HPA had a strong antithrombotic activity because it can significantly increase cardiac erythrocytes, blood flow velocity, and heart rate, reduce caudal thrombus, and reverse the inflammatory response caused by Arachidonic Acid (AA)...

The early management of transferred patients with a large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke could be improved by identifying patients who are likely to recanalize early. We aim to predict early recanalization based on patient clinical and thrombus imaging characteristics. We included 81 transferred anterior-circulation LVO patients with an early recanalization, defined as the resolution of the LVO or the migration to a distal location not reachable with endovascular treatment upon repeated radiological imaging...

BACKGROUND: Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus is a rare congenital abnormality that may be encountered during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old man presented with chest pain and signs of heart failure. Electrocardiogram demonstrated atrial fibrillation with ST elevation in the high lateral leads, and he was taken emergently to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for primary PCI...

PURPOSE: Tandem occlusion, in which the intracranial artery is obstructed along with proximal carotid occlusive or stenotic lesions, occurs in 10-15% of patients with large vessel occlusion. Our study introduces a novel technique for tandem occlusion treatment that involves the simultaneous coaxial deployment of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon and aspiration catheters with the delivery wire of a stent retriever. After percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid lesion with a thin balloon catheter, the aspiration catheter was advanced over the balloon to eliminate the ledge between the catheter tip and delivery wire...

Binding of blood components to collagen was proved to be a key step in thrombus formation. Intelligent Design of Protein Matcher (IDProMat), a neural network model, was then developed based on the principle of seq2seq to design an antithrombotic peptide targeting collagen. The encoding and decoding of peptide sequence data and the interaction patterns of peptide chains at the interface were studied, and then, IDProMat was applied to the design of peptides to cover collagen. The 99.3% decrease in seq2seq loss and 58...

Thrombus computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics may correspond with thrombus mechanical properties and thus predict thrombectomy success. The impact of red blood cell (RBC) content on these properties (imaging and mechanics) has been widely studied. However, the additional effect of platelets has not been considered. The objective of the current study was to examine the individual and combined effects of blood clot RBC and platelet content on resultant CT imaging and mechanical characteristics. Human blood clot analogues were prepared from a combination of preselected RBC volumes and platelet concentrations to decouple their contributions...

A pulmonary venous aneurysm (PVA) is extremely rare. A PVA can be either congenital or acquired. Possible symptoms include thoracic pain, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and palpitations but can also occur asymptomatically. Treatment can be conservative or surgical depending on growth and risk of rupture or development of mitral insufficiency, symptoms and thrombus formation. Only a few cases have been described in the literature. A recent case study and a literature review are described below.

BACKGROUND: Functional assessment using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and anatomical assessment using optical coherence tomography (OCT) are used in clinical practice for patients with intermediate coronary stenosis. Moreover, coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a common noninvasive imaging technique for evaluating suspected coronary artery disease before being referred for angiography. This study aimed to investigate the association between FFR and plaque characteristics assessed using coronary CTA and OCT for intermediate coronary stenosis...

BACKGROUND: Direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (dCCFs) involve the abnormal shunting of blood between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. The use of covered stents (CSs) has been reported for the treatment of complex carotid artery lesions. However, the efficacy and safety of CS treatment for dCCFs remain controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate these efficacy and safety endpoints. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed by comprehensively searching the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies that were related to CS treatment for dCCFs...

PURPOSE: This study examines the natural history of splenic artery aneurysms at a single institution and assesses the effect of patient factors and aneurysm characteristics on aneurysm growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included patients with splenic artery aneurysms that underwent serial imaging over 30 years (1990-2020). Patient demographics and aneurysm characteristics were collected. The variables contributing to aneurysm growth were assessed using non-parametric tests for continuous variables and Chi-square for categorical variables...