Subthreshold

Tungsten oxide (WO3 ) doped indium oxide (IWO) field-effect transistors (FET), synthesized using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for three-dimensional integration and back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatibility, are demonstrated. Low-concentration (1∼4 W atom %) WO3 -doping in In2 O3 films is achieved by adjusting cycle ratios of the indium and tungsten precursors with the oxidant coreactant. Such doping suppresses oxygen deficiency from In2 O2.5 to In2 O3 stoichiometry with only 1 atom % W, allowing devices to turn off stably and enhancing threshold voltage stability...

BACKGROUND: The transdiagnostic approach to psychopathology has emerged as an alternative to traditional taxonomic approaches. The Multidimensional Emotional Disorders Inventory (MEDI) is a specifically designed self-report to measure the transdiagnostic dimensions proposed by Brown and Barlow. This study aims to analyse the psychometric properties of the MEDI scores in adolescents with subthreshold anxiety and depression. METHOD: The sample consisted of a total of 476 students...

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors as basic electronic devices of integrated circuits have been greatly developed and widely used in the past decades. However, as the thickness of the conducting channel decreases, the interface electronic scattering between the gate oxide layer and the channel significantly impacts the performance of the transistor. To address this issue, van der Waals heterojunction field-effect transistors (vdWJFETs) have been proposed using two-dimensional semiconductors, which utilize the built-in electric field at the sharp van der Waals interface to regulate the channel conductance without the need of a complex gate oxide layer...

Planar silicon nanowires (SiNWs), grown by using low temperature catalytic approaches, are excellent 1D channel materials for developing high-performance logics and sensors. However, a deterministic position and size control of the metallic catalyst droplets, that lead to the growth of SiNWs, remains still a significant challenge for reliable device integration. In this work, we present a convenient but powerful edge-trimming catalyst formation strategy, which can help to produce a rather uniform single-row of indium (In) catalyst droplets of D cat = 67 ± 5 nm in diameter, with an exact one-droplet-on-one-step arrangement...

We investigated the effects of gate bias regarding the degradation of electrical characteristics during gamma irradiation. Moreover, we observed the punch through failure of 1.2 kV rated commercial Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) due to the influence of gate bias. In addition, the threshold voltage (VT ) and on-resistance (Ron ) of the SiC MOSFETs decreased significantly by the influence of gate bias during gamma irradiation. We extracted the concentration of carriers and fixed charge (QF ) in oxide using N-type SiC MOS capacitors and Transmission Line Measurement (TLM) patterns to analyze the effects of gamma irradiation...

Leveraging poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [(PVDF-TrFE)] as the dielectric, we fabricated organic ferroelectric field-effect transistors (OFe-FETs). These devices demonstrate quasi-static transfer characteristics that include a hysteresis window alongside transient phenomena that bear resemblance to synaptic plasticity-encapsulating excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) as well as both short-term and long-term potentiation (STP/LTP). We also explore and elucidate other aspects such as the subthreshold swing and the hysteresis window under dynamic state by varying the pace of voltage sweeps...

OBJECTIVES: To explore and characterize predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of subthreshold, moderate, and severe insomnia in cancer survivors. SAMPLE & SETTING: 135 cancer survivors who self-reported symptom severity on the Insomnia Severity Index during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial on insomnia treatment. METHODS & VARIABLES: Participants completed measures assessing predisposing factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index), precipitating factors (number of years since cancer diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms, health-related quality of life), and perpetuating factors (frequency of consuming alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, napping behavior, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep)...

p-type thin-film transistors (pTFTs) have proven to be a significant impediment to advancing electronics beyond traditional Si-based technology. A recent study suggests that a thin and highly crystalline Te layer shows promise as a channel for high-performance pTFTs. However, achieving this still requires specific conditions, such as a cryogenic growth temperature and an extremely thin channel thickness on the order of a few nanometers. These conditions critically limit the practical feasibility of the fabrication process...

As a traditional Thai condiment, Pla-ra is used to add flavor and richness to dishes. Nine treatment combinations of Pla-ra formulations created from 3 types of fish (Mor fish, Kradee fish, and Mor + Kradee fish) and 4 different carbohydrate sources (none, rice bran, roasted rice, and rice bran─roasted rice mixture) were studied through a 12 month fermentation period (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 months). 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and LC-MS/MS techniques were used to analyze the microbial diversity and identify taste-enhancing peptides...

Non-volatile memory based on thin-film transistor is crucial for system-on-panel and flexible electronic systems. Achieving high-performance and reliable thin-film transistor (TFT) memory still remains challenging. Here, for the first time, we present a ZnO TFT memory utilizing self-assembled Au nanocrystals with a low thermal budget, exhibiting excellent memory performance, including a program/erase window of 9.8 V, 29% charge loss extrapolated to 10 years, and remarkable endurance characteristics. Moreover, the memory exhibits favorable on-state characteristics with mobility, subthreshold swing, and current on-off ratio of 17...

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a small midbrain structure that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct, regulates brain-body communication, and is often studied for its role in "fight-or-flight" and "freezing" responses to threat. We used ultra-high field 7-Tesla fMRI to resolve the PAG in humans and distinguish it from the cerebral aqueduct, examining its in vivo function in humans during a working memory task (N = 87). Both mild and moderate cognitive demand elicited spatially similar patterns of whole brain BOLD response, and moderate cognitive demand elicited widespread BOLD increases above baseline in the brainstem...

Drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) is one of the most critical obstacles degrading the reliability of integrated circuits based on miniaturized transistors. Here, the effect of a crystallographic structure change in InGaO [indium gallium oxide (IGO)] thin-films on the DIBL was investigated. Preferentially oriented IGO (po-IGO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have outstanding device performances with a field-effect mobility of 81.9 ± 1.3 cm2 /(V s), a threshold voltage ( V TH ) of 0.07 ± 0.03 V, a subthreshold swing of 127 ± 2...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) in addition to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for studies that compared anti-VEGF with SML and anti-VEGF monotherapy for DME. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of anti-VEGF injections...

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a crucial structure in the descending pain modulatory system, playing a key role as a relay for both the facilitation and inhibition of pain. The chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been widely used to study stress-induced behavioral impairments associated with depression in rodents. Several studies suggest that CSDS also causes changes related to chronic pain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of the RVM in CSDS-induced behavioral impairments, including those associated with chronic pain...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with subclinical depression are prone to major depression and experience emotional responses and attentional biases to negative stimuli. METHOD: In a randomized controlled study ( N = 42) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combining loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on a group with subclinical depression compared with the relaxation group across emotional face n-back (EFNBACK) tasks and resting state...

BACKGROUND: Motor control declines with age and requires effective connectivity between the sensorimotor cortex and the primary motor cortex (M1). Despite research indicating that physical exercise can improve motor control in older individuals the effect of physical exercise on neural connectivity in older adults remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Older adults with experience in table tennis and fit aerobics and individuals without such experience for comparison were recruited for the study...

Voltage imaging enables high-throughput investigation of neuronal activity, yet its utility is often constrained by a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Conventional denoising algorithms, such as those based on matrix factorization, impose limiting assumptions about the noise process and the spatiotemporal structure of the signal. While deep learning based denoising techniques offer greater adaptability, existing approaches fail to fully exploit the fast temporal dynamics and unique short- and long-range dependencies within voltage imaging datasets...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in females worldwide. During disease development, breast cancer patients suffer anxious and depressed, which may lead to worse quality of life or even higher mortality. Esketamine has been regarded as an antidepressant in breast cancer patients with mild or moderate depression. Here, we wonder whether the administration of esketamine could reduce the postoperative depressive symptom score of breast cancer patients who have no preoperative depression...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently linked with coexisting mental illnesses. Our previous study discovered that 32.1% of IBS patients had subthreshold depression (SD), placing them at higher risk of developing major depression. Gut microbiota modulation through psychobiotics was found to influence depression via the gut-brain axis. However, the efficacy of lessening depression among IBS patients remains ambiguous. The study's aim was to investigate the roles of cultured milk drinks containing 109  cfu Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Lactobacillus paracasei L...

Perceived stress is an acknowledged risk factor for subthreshold depression (StD), and fluctuations in perceived stress are thought to disrupt the harmony of brain networks essential for emotional and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between eye-open (EO) and eye-closed (EC) states, perceived stress, and StD. We recruited 27 individuals with StD and 33 healthy controls, collecting resting state fMRI data under both EC and EO conditions. We combined intrinsic connectivity and seed-based functional connectivity analyses to construct the functional network and explore differences between EC and EO conditions...