Burn oedema

Burn injury is a pathology underpinned by progressive and aberrant inflammation. It is a major clinical challenge to survival and quality of life. While burn injury's complex local and disseminating pathological processes ultimately stem from local tissue damage, to date relatively few studies have attempted to characterise the local inflammatory mediator profile. Here, cytokine content and associated transcriptional changes were measured in rat skin for three hours immediately following induction of a scald-type (60°C, 2 minutes) burn injury model...

OBJECTIVE: Children are at high risk of injuries and wounds. The application of medical grade honey is a promising approach to improving the healing of wounds of various origin and severity. However, the use of medical grade honey in young paediatric patients remains limited. The aim of this study is to show the safety, efficacy and usefulness of medical grade honey in abdominal wounds, of different causes, in paediatric patients. METHOD: This was a prospective, observational case series evaluating five young infants with abdominal wounds at the General Hospital in Thessaloniki...

The common toad produces venom (bufotoxin) that is produced in the parotid gland of the toad as well as in the skin. This toxic compound is a potent inhibitor of Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity. Physiological effects of bufotoxin are similar to those of digitalis and cause increased heart rate and muscle contractions. Ocular toxicity was described. A 67-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency service because of sudden vision loss and a burning sensation in both eyes after she had been exposed to the poison of a toad...

We examined a patient aged 31 who had a sudden burning paraesthesia, pain and numbness in the lower legs together with an increased temperature of 39°C. Clinical examination showed asymmetrical sensory polyneuropathy more clearly seen in the lower legs and the left wrist, with high ESR (up to 44 mm/h), leukocytosis, slight anemia and proteinuria. CSF was normal. After three weeks the temperature suddenly increased again up to 39°C and severe flaccid distal tetraparesis was seen more clearly with foot drop in the left lower leg and dense oedema in the left wrist, purple cyanosis and haemorrhagic foci appeared on the skin of the toes, feet, lower legs and left wrist...

Presented is the case of an obese, 72 year-old diabetic man with a dorsal foot de-gloving injury. Whilst the tendons of extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus to all digits, and extensor digitorum brevis to hallux and second toe were intact after surgical debridement, none had any covering paratenon. The joint between the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal was open. Reconstructive options were limited by his age and co-morbidities. A novel, completely synthetic dermal matrix (NovoSorb BTM) was applied, after which the patient was discharged home to attend for dressings and review of integration progress as an outpatient...

BACKGROUND: The type of scalding injury known as 'teapot syndrome', where hot liquid is grabbed by the child with the aim of ingestion and falls over a child causing burns on the face, upper thorax and arms, is known to cause peri-oral and facial oedema. Thermal epiglottitis following scalds to face, neck and thorax is rare and can occur even in absence of ingestion of a damaging agent or intraoral burns, Awareness of the possibility of thermal epiglottitis, also in scald burns, is imperative to ensure prompt airway protection...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a complication of diabetic retinopathy and one of the most common causes of visual impairment in people with diabetes. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO) is the most severe form of DMO. Intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy is now the standard treatment for DMO involving the centre of the macula, but laser photocoagulation is still used in milder or non-central DMO. OBJECTIVES: To access the efficacy and safety of laser photocoagulation as monotherapy in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema...

We present two cases of culture-proven fungal keratitis on natamycin treatment which developed periocular erythema, oedema, burning sensation and pruritus within 48 hours of the addition of topical voriconazole. On clinical examination, periocular erythema with induration was noted. A diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was suspected, but the absence of pain and tenderness refuted the diagnosis on clinical grounds. A dermatology consultation was sought, and a diagnosis of periocular contact dermatitis with voriconazole was made...

Hand burns are present in >60% of all burn cases and in fire mass casualty incidents even up to 100%. Most trauma and especially burns may be detrimental to the complex and delicate structures of the hand by direct injury, indirect BICS (Burn Induced Compartment Syndrome and interstitial high pressure) or by delayed or faulty treatment. BICS represents a special threat as the increasing swelling and oedema of the small diameter hand and forearm will exert pressure on the capillary/venous system, eventually ending in irreversible damage to the skin, nerves, muscle and vascular bed...

BACKGROUND: Critically ill people may lose fluid because of serious conditions, infections (e.g. sepsis), trauma, or burns, and need additional fluids urgently to prevent dehydration or kidney failure. Colloid or crystalloid solutions may be used for this purpose. Crystalloids have small molecules, are cheap, easy to use, and provide immediate fluid resuscitation, but may increase oedema. Colloids have larger molecules, cost more, and may provide swifter volume expansion in the intravascular space, but may induce allergic reactions, blood clotting disorders, and kidney failure...

BACKGROUND: Major burns are life threatening. Fluid resuscitation is required for survival to maintain intravascular volumes and prevent hypovolemic shock. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been recognised as a potential method of monitoring fluid shifts after burn and in other disease states. The aims of this study were to examine the reliability of BIS across different dressing conditions and electrode positions, establish the influence of Acticoat™ on BIS variable measures and determine the validity of whole-body BIS to assess net fluid shift in the presence of moderate to major burns...

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Zelesse®, an intimate hygiene wash solution, in the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients. Methods The NINESSE Study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study involving females aged 2-8 years who attended paediatric offices with symptoms suggestive of non-specific vulvovaginitis. They were administered Zelesse® as a single treatment for 15 ± 5 days. Pruritus, burning, dysuria, erythema, leucorrhoea and oedema were evaluated before and after treatment...

The aim of this non-interventional, observational, multicentre, open-label study was to assess the effectiveness of a vaginal gel containing extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllus in conjunction with two specific lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus fermentum LF10 and Lactobacillus plantarum LP02) specifically formulated in slow-release vaginal capsules, in treating bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) or recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis disease (RVVC) [Estromineral Probiogel (EPB) in Italy, or Saugella Probiogel; Meda Pharma - Mylan Group]...

Low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are anticoagulants that have shown anti-inflammatory activity in several experimental models. Hot water burn inflammatory model accurately simulates human clinical situations allowing its use for nociception test and evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study aims to evaluate the enoxaparin pretreatment on local and systemic inflammation biomarkers in the animal burn model. Inflammation was induced by submersing the rat left hind paw in water at 60o  C for 60 s...

Persea americana, popularly known as avocado, has been empirically used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory including in the skin disorder treatment. Species of the genus Persea also show a photoprotective effect against UVB radiation. We investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects from a topical formulation containing the P. americana leaf extract in a UVB irradiation-induced burn model in mice and performed a gel-formulation stability study. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated through mechanical allodynia, paw oedema, and inflammatory cell infiltration...

Gmelina arborea has been traditionally used for treatment of abdominal pain, burning sensation and as stomachic. The anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and methanol extract of this plant has been studied but detailed investigations on anti-inflammatory activity of G. arborea stem bark are still not available. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract and its fractions using carrageenan induced paw oedema model. Methanol extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg and its ethyl acetate fraction at 50 mg/kg showed significant reduction in paw oedema in comparison with standard drug...

CONTEXT: Aloe has been used for the prevention and cure of various diseases and symptoms including burns, injuries, oedema and pain. OBJECTIVE: This study determines the specific inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 induced by the low molecular-weight gel fraction of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (lgfAv) on alcohol-induced acute gastric lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the protective effects of oral (p.o.) administration of lgfAv (molecular weight cutoff <50...

A 30-year-old patient went to the emergency department because of a chemical burn to the left eye more than 10 days ago by toilet cleanser. Surprisingly, a small piece of glass was found in the inferior anterior chamber in the same eye. The visual acuity was counting fingers. There was conjunctival congestion, corneal oedema and Descemet's membrane striae. And there was also a corneal leukoma around 4 to 5 o'clock. Through repeated questioning he recalled that he was injured by an exploded light bulb around 21 years ago...

Intra-abdominal hypertension can be classified as either primary or secondary. Primary intra-abdominal hypertension is often associated through trauma or diseases of the abdominopelvic region such as pancreatitis or abdominal surgery, while secondary intra-abdominal hypertension is the result of extra-abdominal causes such as sepsis or burns. The critically ill patient offers some challenges in monitoring in particular secondary intra-abdominal hypertension because of the effects of fluid resuscitation, the use of inotropes and positive pressure ventilation...

Studies of topical treatments for leishmaniasis were systematically reviewed, to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety and any adverse effects of these treatments. The papers identified in the databases PubMed and Web of Knowledge involved eight studies with a total of 1744 patients. The majority of trials was from Iran (4/8), covered a period of 8 years (2003-2011), and included patients 4-85 years of age. The most frequent Leishmania species in the studies were L. tropica (4/8) and L. major (2/8). The treatments administered were thermotherapy, paromomycin and combinations, CO2 laser, 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (10%) plus visible red light (633 nm) and cryotherapy...