Borderline personality disorder

BACKGROUND: Attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with borderline personality characteristics or cluster B (emotional instability), but in certain populations, such as medical students, it might be associated with cluster C traits (perfectionism, dependency, anxiety). This may be compensatory to ADHD. AIM: To analyze the association between ADHD and cluster C personality traits in medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biodemographic characteristics, the presence of ADHD and personality traits according to clusters A, B and C were evaluated in medical students...

BACKGROUND: Previous eye-tracking studies provide preliminary evidence for a hypersensitivity to negative, potentially threatening interpersonal cues in borderline personality disorder (BPD). From an etiological point of view, such interpersonal threat hypersensitivity might be explained by a biological vulnerability along with a history of early life adversities. The objective of the current study was to investigate interpersonal threat hypersensitivity and its association with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in patients with BPD employing eye-tracking technology...

BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have confirmed an association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and non-suicidal and suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB), yet the mechanisms linking these factors are, to date, poorly understood. The goal of the current study is to explore one potential influencing factor acting in the association between CSA and SITB, which is the disclosure experience. Disclosure has been identified as a prominent factor in the healing process of survivors, with a lack of support following disclosures heightening negative outcomes...

With its recent inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSID) has received limited research attention, especially in samples of military veterans. The present study sought to identify diagnostic predictors of NSSID within a veteran sample. Study participants included 124 veterans with at least one psychiatric diagnosis. Chi-square tests and t-tests evaluated bivariate associations between NSSID and twenty diagnostic correlates. Logistic regression models identified psychiatric disorders that were unique correlates of NSSID among veterans...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between reflective function and global functionality in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, controlling for symptomatology and defensive style. METHOD: Thirty-nine female inpatients were evaluated employing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders-II (SCID-II), the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), the Defence Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)...

This paper explores the possibility of AI-based addendum therapy for borderline personality disorder, its potential advantages and limitations. Identity disturbance in this condition is strongly connected to self-narratives, which manifest excessive incoherence, causal gaps, dysfunctional beliefs, and diminished self-attributions of agency. Different types of therapy aim at boosting self-knowledge through self-narratives in BPD. The suggestion of this paper is that human-to-human therapy could be complemented by AI assistance holding out the promise of making patients' self-narratives more coherent through improving the accuracy of their self-assessments, reflection on their emotions, and understanding their relationships with others...

Introduction: Exercise addiction is one of several behavioral addictions which has not yet been designated as an addictive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). This is in part due to a lack of clarity concerning co-occurring mental disorders of individuals at risk for exercise addiction. The aim of this review is to summarise the spectrum of psychopathology in populations at risk of exercise addiction. Methods: The MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched...

Aims: Recent meta-analytic data show that approximately 40% of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) receive at least one personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. Personality pathology could significantly influence CHR patients' prognosis and response to treatment. We aimed at exploring the PD traits of CHR adolescents, in order to outline a prototypic description of their most frequently observed personality characteristics. Methods: One hundred and twenty-three psychiatrists and psychologists used a Q-sort procedure [i...

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the presence of psychopathic features in BPD is related to dysfunction in executive functions and other neuropsychological functions in these patients. Methods: 82 patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and 54 control subjects were studied through clinical and neuropsychological evaluation protocols and the Levenson Psychopathy Inventory. Results: BPD patients showed significantly higher scores on both primary (F1) and secondary (F2) global rates of psychopathy, than controls...

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BACKGROUND: Various combinations of childhood conduct problems, callous traits and anxiety may confer increased risk of offending, psychopathic traits and mental disorders. Knowledge of these outcomes in adulthood is limited. AIMS: To compare adult criminal convictions, psychopathy checklist scores and mental disorders between five groups of men, variously defined in childhood by: (1) callous traits, (2) conduct problems, (3) conduct problems and callous traits, (4) conduct problems and callous traits and anxiety or (5) developing typically...

The nature of the relationship between borderline personality disorder (borderline PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD remains controversial. In this study we attempted to investigate the association between traumatic events and borderline PD and the co-occurrence of complex PTSD, PTSD and borderline PD. Finally, we tested the association between complex PTSD and PTSD diagnoses and other DSM-5 Section II personality disorders. In a sample of 416 patients, we administered the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) to evaluate the PTSD/complex PTSD diagnoses and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire- 4+ (PDQ-4+) to assess borderline PD and other PDs...

Past research has linked the development of borderline personality disorder to earlier exposure to violence. However, the causal link by which this relationship exists has not yet been fully identified. The present study sought to examine how exposure to violence predicted heterogeneity in the development of depressive systems and results in the arousal of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adulthood. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in the analyses. This data set consisted of the responses of 1354 juvenile offenders followed across 7 years...

Imagery Rescripting (IR) is a therapeutic technique that is used in a wide spectrum of therapeutic methods for various mental disorders. As an important component of Schema Therapy (ST), IR is frequently used in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, little is known about how IR is experienced by individuals with BPD. The aim of this study was to explore BPD patients' experiences with receiving IR. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 individuals (86% females) with a primary diagnosis of BPD who received IR within their ST treatment...

The aim of the current study was to establish the most relevant health outcomes to assess opioid substitution treatment programmes (OSP) in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in Spain. A multicriteria decision analysis was applied in 3 phases: 1) concepts and criteria definitions; 2) criteria screening and weighting by means of a discrete choice experiment; 3) deliberative process. Criteria established in phase 1 were: substance use (opioids, alcohol, tobacco, stimulants and cannabis), other mental disorders (affective/anxiety disorder, psychosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, gambling disorder and other impulse control disorders), level of disability, adherence, medical illnesses (medical comorbidities, risk behaviours, infectious and sexually transmitted diseases), psychosocial aspects (hostile and/or violent behaviour and work problems), functional disability (quality of life, treatment and service satisfaction, social functionality)...

OBJECTIVE: The present study directly compared three perspectives of suicidality: Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS), Hopelessness Theory, and a perspective emphasizing emotion dysregulation. METHOD: 219 adults seeking outpatient psychological services completed questionnaires during intake between November 2015 and February 2019. Patients were included if they completed surveys related to thwarted belongingness (TB), perceived burdensomeness (PB), hopelessness, depressive symptoms, negative affect, and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms...

Objectives: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is portrayed by unstable relationships, fears of abandonment and heightened sensitivity to social rejection. Research has shown that these characteristics may lead to inappropriate social behavior including altered approach-avoidance behavior. However, it has remained unclear how social exclusion may affect approach-avoidance behavior in patients with BPD. Design: We assessed social approach-avoidance behavior and the impact of social exclusion in a sample of 38 patients with BPD and 40 healthy control participants...

INTRODUCTION: Success rates of psychotherapy in post-traumatic stress disorder related to childhood maltreatment (PTSD-CM) are limited. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Observer-blind multicentre randomised clinical trial (A-1) of 4-year duration comparing enhanced methods of STAIR Narrative Therapy (SNT) and of trauma-focused psychodynamic therapy (TF-PDT) each of up to 24 sessions with each other and a minimal attention waiting list in PTSD-CM. Primary outcome is severity of PTSD (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 total) assessed by masked raters...

Emotional and interpersonal instability are core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and can pose a challenge for the therapeutic relationship. In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for BPD, ruptures in the therapeutic alliance are considered through a behavioral lens that examines the client's relational learning history, the function and context of the rupture, as well as the patterns of emotional processing difficulties that underlie interpersonal conflict. In this article, we use the case of Rachel to illustrate how alliance-focused approach can be integrated with DBT case formulation to enhance treatment planning and the successful negotiation of alliance ruptures...

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with Good Outcome (GO) as compared with Poor Outcome (PO) in adult patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD) who received long-term treatment with lithium. METHODS: A comprehensive search of major electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies that included adults patients (18 years or older) with a diagnosis of BD and reported sociodemographic and/or clinical variables associated with treatment response and/or with illness outcome during long-term treatment to lithium (> = 6 months)...