Renal

Non-adherence to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) pharmacotherapy may increase the risks of thromboembolism or bleeding, and delayed or missed doses are the most common types of non-adherence. Current recommendations from regulatory agencies or guidelines regarding this issue lack evidence and fail to consider individual differences. The study aims to develop individual remedial dosing strategies when the dose was delayed or missed for DOACs including rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran etexilate...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) infection in humans can result in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Endothelial cells (ECs) are primarily infected with increased vascular permeability as a central aspect of pathogenesis. Historically, most studies included ECs cultured under static two-dimensional (2D) conditions, thereby not recapitulating the physiological environment due to their lack of flow and inherent pro-inflammatory state. Here, we present a high-throughput model for culturing primary human umbilical vein ECs in 3D vessels-on-chip in which we compared host responses of these ECs to those of static 2D-cultured ECs on a transcriptional level...

INTRODUCTION: Renovascular hypertension (RVH) remains underdiagnosed despite its significant cardiovascular and renal morbidity. AIM: This survey investigated screening and management practices for RVH among hypertensive patients in Italian hypertension centres in a real-life setting. Secondary, we analysed the current spread of renal denervation (RDN) and the criteria used for its eligibility. METHODS: A 12 item-questionnaire was sent to hypertension centres belonging to the European Society of Hypertension and to the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) in Italy...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may be asymptomatic or present with renal calculi, secondary osteoporosis, fractures and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and parkinsonism are atypical manifestations that may be rarely associated with PHPT. We report two patients who presented with the conditions mentioned above. CASE REPORT: The first patient involved a 38-year-old woman who presented with diminution of vision, seizures, altered behavior and hypertension over eight months...

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors of perinephric hematoma following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for renal calculi through combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This post-hoc analysis included adult patients with solitary renal calculi ranging from 5 to 15 mm, treated with SWL between 2016 and 2022. All patients received cross-sectional imaging (either non-contrast computer tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging) two days post-SWL to assess the presence and severity of perinephric hematoma...

Lupus nephritis (LN) is an immunoinflammatory glomerulonephritis associated with renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Given the close relationship between plasma amino acids (AAs) and renal function, this study aimed to elucidate the plasma AA profiles in LN patients and identify key AAs and diagnostic patterns that distinguish LN patients from those with SLE and healthy controls. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal controls (NC), SLE, and LN. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to quantify AA levels in human plasma...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: The study used machine learning models to predict the clinical outcome with various attributes or when the models chose features based on their algorithms. METHODS: Patients who presented to an orthopedic outpatient department with joint swelling or myalgia were included in the study. A proforma collected clinical information on age, gender, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and complete blood count/liver function test/renal function test parameters. Machine learning decision models (Random Forest and Gradient Boosted) were evaluated with the selected features/attributes...

INTRODUCTION: Stent-assisted, balloon-induced intimal disruption and relamination of aortic dissection (STABILISE) is an extended downstream endovascular management technique for acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD), that aimed to achieve complete aortic remodeling. This systematic review aimed to assess the early and mid-term clinical outcomes with STABILISE in the management of TBAD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature search was performed on the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases, which returned 195 studies...

Intravenous ganciclovir (GCV) is used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised children. Although the therapeutic target for treatment is unclear, studies have shown a serum area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24h ) ≥40 mg/L·h correlates with effective CMV prevention. This study aimed to externally validate existing GCV population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models and develop a model if needed and evaluate the serum AUC24h achieved with standard GCV dosing and propose an optimized dosing strategy for immunocompromised children...

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) usually have different infection routes, and coinfection is relatively rare. This study examines the clinical and etiological characteristics of coinfection by these two pathogens to provide important references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Blood samples from 22 clinically diagnosed patients with HFRS were collected for molecular detection of HFRS and common tick and mouse borne diseases. Inoculate the blood of six severe and critically patients into cells to isolate and proliferate potential viruses, and retest the cell culture to determine the pathogen...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of itaconate's potential effect in diabetic kidney disease. Methods: Renal immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) levels were measured in db/db mice and streptozotocin (STZ) + high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. Irg1 knockout mice were generated. db/db mice were treated with 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI, 50 mg/kg), a derivative of itaconate, for 4 weeks. Renal function and morphological changes were investigated. Ultrastructural alterations were determined by transmission electron microscopy...

Torsemide, a loop diuretic, is increasingly recognized for its role in managing essential hypertension. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys. By doing so, torsemide promotes diuresis, which refers to increased urine production, and subsequently lowers blood pressure. Studies have shown that torsemide is comparably effective to other antihypertensive agents in lowering blood pressure, with the added benefit of potentially improving renal function...

Torsemide is a loop diuretic used to manage edema associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI). It acts by inhibiting sodium and chloride ions reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thereby increasing urine output and reducing fluid accumulation. Compared to other diuretics, torsemide has an extended duration of action, higher bioavailability, and its elimination route is primarily through the hepatic route, making it effective in patients with CKD and AKI. Clinical studies indicate that torsemide can improve symptoms of fluid overload and potentially enhance renal function...

The current scenario of employing loop diuretics in combination with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) demonstrates a comprehensive approach to improving clinical outcomes in individuals with heart failure (HF). GDMT uses four types of drugs: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), beta-blockers (BBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Torsemide, furosemide, and bumetanide are common loop diuretics used to control fluid overload in HF and provide symptomatic relief...

Loop diuretics are regarded as essential for the treatment of edematous conditions in heart failure, cirrhosis, and renal disease. The principal mechanism of action involves inhibiting the reabsorption of ions (Na+, 2Cl-, and K+) from the ascending loop of Henle. The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) features of the commonly used diuretics (torsemide, furosemide, and bumetanide) influence the selection of diuretics in various disease states and dosing regimens. However, torsemide demonstrates superior PK and PD qualities, making it the preferred choice...

A 26-year-old male was asymptomatic and active until the age of 19 years. At the age of 20 years, he underwent lithotripsy for ureteral stones. As he grew older, he experienced bone pain, recurrent bilateral shoulder dislocations, and long bone fractures following minor trauma for which he was operated. Currently, he presented with another long bone fracture following minor trauma. Investigations showed increased serum calcium (11.5 mg/dL), 24-hour urinary calcium (420 mg/24 hours; 100-300 mg/day), and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1688 pg/mL; 10-55 pg/mL)...

A 5-year-old male child with complaints of failure to thrive (since 4 months of age) and developmental delay presented to the nephrology department with complaints of weakness in all four limbs for 5 days. On examination, he was hypotensive, dehydrated, and had reduced tone in all four limbs. Biochemistry revealed acute kidney injury (AKI), hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia. Renal needle biopsy (in view of unexplained AKI) revealed ropy, granular pigment casts with marked tubular injury. Myoglobin stain was positive...