Obesity and breast cancer

BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer (BC) is rampantly increasing in developing countries particularly Ethiopia. Unfortunately, the morbidity and mortality rates are sharply increasing, and because of this, families are suffering from socioeconomic crises. Despite this, there is limited evidence on the determinants of breast cancer in Ethiopia as well as in the study area. OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of BC among women attending oncology units in selected hospitals in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, in 2023...

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer was the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, significantly impacting their quality of life and survival rates. And obesity has been widely accepted as an important risk factor for breast cancer. However, the specific mechanisms by which obesity affects breast cancer were still unclear. Therefore, studying the impact mechanisms of obesity as a risk factor for breast cancer was of utmost importance. METHODS: This study was based on TCGA breast cancer RNA transcriptomic data and the GeneCard obesity gene set...

The purpose of this work was to find a link between the breast cancer (BC)-risk effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-associated polymorphisms and obesity. The study was conducted on a sample of 1498 women (358 BC; 1140 controls) who, depending on the presence/absence of obesity, were divided into two groups: obese (119 BC; 253 controls) and non-obese (239 BC; 887 controls). Genotyping of nine SHBG-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-rs17496332 PRMT6 , rs780093 GCKR , rs10454142 PPP1R21 , rs3779195 BAIAP2L1 , rs440837 ZBTB10 , rs7910927 JMJD1C , rs4149056 SLCO1B1 , rs8023580 NR2F2 , and rs12150660 SHBG -was executed, and the BC-risk impact of these loci was analyzed by logistic regression separately in each group of obese/non-obese women...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women, significantly contributing to cancer-related death in the modern world. Obesity, as a worldwide epidemic besides the menopausal status, has a paradoxical association with BC. OBJECTIVES: To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the paradoxical effects of obesity on BC, a comprehensive systems biology analysis was performed. METHODS: Data retrieval, data preprocessing, and differential expression analysis were conducted...

BACKGROUND:  This study aims to analyze breast cancer burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used for attributable burden, and age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort. RESULTS: In 2019, the age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI were 1...

PURPOSE: To clarify how body mass index (BMI) affects the development and temporal trend of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). METHODS: This is a prospective study in which patients with operable breast cancer were registered in a single institute between November 2009 and July 2010. The incidence of lymphedema at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery was assessed according to BMI, and the trend of newly developed BCRL was examined. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 in accordance with the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity...

Racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes are well described across the spectrum of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Breast cancer mortality is markedly elevated for Non-Hispanic Black women compared with other racial and ethnic groups, with multifactorial causes. Here, we aim to reduce this burden by identifying disparities in breast cancer risk factors, risk assessment, and risk management before breast cancer is diagnosed. We describe a reproductive profile and modifiable risk factors specific to the development of triple-negative breast cancer...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is associated with increased DNA damage, which may in turn contribute to the development of obesity-related complications. DNA damage can also affect adipocyte biology, resulting in increased adiposity. Carefully managed weight loss programs can reverse this process. This article surveys new data that support these contentions. RECENT FINDINGS: Whole exome sequencing analyses have identified rare variants linked to high BMI and adiposity...

PURPOSE: The aromatase inhibitor letrozole and the aromatase inactivator exemestane are two of the most pivotal cancer drugs used for endocrine treatment of ER-positive breast cancer in all phases of the disease. Although both drugs inhibit CYP19 (aromatase) and have been used for decades, a direct head-to-head, intra-patient-cross-over comparison of their ability to decrease estrogen synthesis in vivo is still lacking. METHODS: Postmenopausal breast cancer patients suitable for neoadjuvant endocrine therapy were randomized to receive either letrozole (2...

PURPOSE: Although risk factors related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have been identified in previous studies, only a few studies have evaluated the risk factors associated with contemporary antiemetic prophylaxis, including olanzapine/aprepitant- or NEPA-containing regimens. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with CINV development in Chinese breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. METHODS: Data from 304 patients enrolled in 3 previously reported prospective antiemetic studies were included...

Most Western countries have increasing number of new cancer cases per year. Cancer incidence is primarily influenced by basically avoidable risk factors and an aging population. Through hypothetical elimination scenarios of multiple major risk factors for cancer, we estimated the number of new cancer cases that are non-preventable in 2050. We compare numbers of new postmenopausal breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer cases in 2021 to projected numbers of new cases in 2050 under prevention scenarios regarding smoking, overweight and obesity, and alcohol consumption: no intervention, 50%, and 100% instant reduction...

Obesity is associated with increased risk and worse prognosis of many tumours including those of the breast and of the esophagus. Adipokines released from the peritumoural adipose tissue promote the metastatic potential of cancer cells, suggesting the existence of a crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the surrounding tumour. Mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling contributes to the progression of carcinoma of different origins. However, whether adipocyte-derived factors modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in tumours is unknown...

PURPOSE: To identify distinct trajectories of physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older women over the first two years following breast cancer diagnosis, and to examine characteristics associated with trajectory group membership. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal study of women diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer who completed surveys within eight months of diagnosis and six, twelve, and eighteen months later that focuses on a subset of women aged ≥ 65 years (N = 145)...

Body shape phenotypes combining multiple anthropometric traits have been linked to postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). However, underlying biological pathways remain poorly understood. This study investigated to what extent the associations of body shapes with postmenopausal BC risk is mediated by biochemical markers. The study included 176,686 postmenopausal women from UK Biobank. Four body shape phenotypes were derived from principal component (PC) analysis of height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a potent intervention for addressing obesity-related medical conditions and achieving sustainable weight loss. Beyond its conventional role, MBS has demonstrated potential to serve as a transitional step for patients requiring various interventions. However, the implications of MBS in the context of neoplasia remain understudied. OBJECTIVES: To explore the feasibility of MBS as a possible attempt to reduce surgical and treatment risks in patients with benign tumors or low-grade cancers...

BACKGROUND: Body composition has emerged as an important prognostic factor in patients treated with cancer. Severe depletion of skeletal muscle, sarcopenia, has been associated with poor performance status and worse oncological outcomes. We studied patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving alpelisib, to determine if sarcopenia and additional body composition measures accounting for muscle and adiposity are associated with toxicity. METHODS: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted, including 38 women with metastatic breast cancer and a PIK3CA mutation, treated with alpelisib as advanced line of therapy...

This article presents global cancer statistics by world region for the year 2022 based on updated estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There were close to 20 million new cases of cancer in the year 2022 (including nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]) alongside 9.7 million deaths from cancer (including NMSC). The estimates suggest that approximately one in five men or women develop cancer in a lifetime, whereas around one in nine men and one in 12 women die from it. Lung cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2022, responsible for almost 2...

The aim of this scoping review was to conduct evidence-based documentation between fish intake and health outcomes for food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) 2023. For most health outcomes, the evidence for fish oil and n-3 long chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation was included when examining evidence between fish intake and health. In this review, conclusions from qualified systematic reviews (qSR) approved by NNR2023 are included. In addition, conclusions of a de novo systematic reviews on the topic of n-3 LC-PUFA, asthma, and allergy are included...

OBJECTIVE: The most dreaded long-term complication of axillary lymph node dissection remains upper arm lymphedema. Our study has strategized the three most common identified causes of post treatment arm lymphedema, i.e., obesity, radiation, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and tried to identify the histopathological and clinical or surgical factors which can predict arm lymphedema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care referral centre in India, with strict inclusion criteria of BMI <30 kg/m2 , age <75 years, presence of metastatic axillary node proven by FNAC, received anthracycline based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative nodal irradiation, and completed 24 months of regular follow-up...

Whether trace metals modify breast density, the strongest predictor for breast cancer, during critical developmental stages such as puberty remains understudied. Our study prospectively evaluated the association between trace metals at Tanner breast stage B1 (n = 291) and at stages both B1 and B4 (n = 253) and breast density at 2 years post-menarche among Chilean girls from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessed the volume of dense breast tissue (absolute fibroglandular volume [FGV]) and percent breast density (%FGV)...