stroke in the young

OBJECT: The aim of this study was at building an effective machine learning model to contribute to the prediction of stroke recurrence in adult stroke patients subjected to moyamoya disease (MMD), while at analyzing the factors for stroke recurrence. METHODS: The data of this retrospective study originated from the database of JiangXi Province Medical Big Data Engineering & Technology Research Center. Moreover, the information of MMD patients admitted to the second affiliated hospital of Nanchang university from January 1st, 2007 to December 31st, 2019 was acquired...

Consensus statement on smoking and vascular risk About 22% of the Spanish population are daily smokers. Men are more likely to smoke than women. In Spain, women between 15-25 years of age smoke as much or more than men. Every smoker should be assessed for: physical dependence on nicotine (Fagerström test), social and psychological dependence (Glover Nilsson test), level of motivation to quit (Richmond test), probability of therapy success (Henri-Mondor and Michael-Fiore tests), and stage of behavioral change development (Prochaska and DiClementi)...

OBJECTIVES: Cerebral venous thrombosis is an uncommon, yet life-threatening condition, affecting mainly young and middle-aged individuals. Moreover, it represents an underrecognised etiology of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The clinical course of CVT is variable in the first days after diagnosis and medical complications including pulmonary embolism (PE) may result in early neurological deterioration and death if left untreated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case report...

RATIONALE: Marfan syndrome (MFS), which is a dominantly inherited connective tissue disease resulting from a mutation in the FBN1 gene, exhibits variable manifestations affecting the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, ophthalmologic, and pulmonary systems. Notably, neurologic deficiency, which involves ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, is a rare but severe manifestation. The safety of rt-PA treatment for ischemic stroke caused by MFS is still under discussion. PATIENT CONCERNS: In the current report, we discuss 3 atypical MFS cases presented as acute ischemic stroke, compared to those exhibiting cardiovascular and musculoskeletal abnormalities...

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy develops in one third of the patients after perinatal stroke. It is still unclear which vascular syndrome of ischemic stroke carries higher risk of epilepsy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk of epilepsy according to the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke. METHODS: The study included 39 children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (13 with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, 23 with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion and three with lenticulostriate arteria infarction), and 44 children with presumed perinatal venous infarction...

Pectoralis major (PM) injuries are uncommon, typically affecting young male athletes engaging in high-intensity activities like weight-lifting. A 62-year-old male, who previously suffered a stroke leading to left hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, and spasticity, exhibited a left chest swelling during a rehabilitation clinic visit. Subsequent inquiries revealed his recent incorporation of a home-based pulley system for stretching exercises. On examination, the swelling was diffuse, firm, and non-tender, located at the midclavicular line of his left chest, with a positive dropped nipple sign and loss of the left anterior axillary fold sign...

INTRODUCTION: Neurofeedback using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used in patients with stroke and other patients, but few studies have included older people or patients with cognitive impairment. METHODS: We constructed a NIRS-based neurofeedback system and used finger tapping to investigate whether neurofeedback can be implemented in older adults while finger tapping and whether brain activity improves in older adults and healthy participants. Our simple neurofeedback system was constructed using a portable wearable optical topography (WOT-HS) device...

PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyze the association between age and outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by comparing postoperative outcomes between octogenarians and younger patients. METHODS: From November 1994 to December 2022, 1,585 internal carotid arteries of 1,434 patients were enrolled. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: octogenarians (≥80 years old) and non-octogenarians (<80 years old). Primary endpoints were early (≤30 days) outcomes of ipsilateral stroke, any stroke, myocardial infarction, death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery rate of the left ventricular systolic function of women diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy receiving specialized care in rural Tanzania. METHODS: In this observational study, women diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy at a referral center in rural Tanzania between December 2015 and September 2021 were included. Women diagnosed between February and September 2021 were followed prospectively, those diagnosed between December 2015 and January 2021 were tracked back for a follow-up echocardiography...

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is prevalent after cancer treatment, which could increase ischemic stroke risk in cancer survivors. This study investigated the association between physical activity change from pre- to post-diagnosis and ischemic stroke risk among cancer survivors. METHODS: Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 269,943 cancer survivors (mean [SD] age, 56.3 [12.1] years; 45.7% male) with no history of cardiovascular disease were evaluated based on changes in physical activity from pre- to post-diagnosis...

The most serious types of heat illnesses, heat exhaustion and heat stroke, are occupational hazards associated with many of the military's training and operational environments. These illnesses can typically be prevented by appropriate situational awareness, risk management strategies, along with effective countermeasures. In 2023, the crude incidence of heat stroke and heat exhaustion were 31.7 and 172.7 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The rates of incident heat stroke declined during the 2019 to 2023 surveillance period, but rates of incident heat exhaustion increased over the same period...

Methamphetamine (meth) is a potent and addictive central nervous system stimulant with increasing use. Stroke is one severe possible complication of meth use. Due to high levels of manufacturing in Mexico, the western United States has experienced greater consequences of meth use. The literature reviewed herein is comprised of case studies and series, and it suggests that hemorrhagic stroke (including hypertensive-like intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage), as opposed to ischemic stroke, is the more common type of neurovascular complication of meth use...

BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a well-established treatment modality for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in adults, but there are limited data in the pediatric population. The rarity of the condition makes prospective trial design difficult, and therefore evaluation of MT devices and outcomes is sparse. In pediatric LVO cases, some newer devices may be appropriate for use in revascularization procedures. Furthermore, illustrative specific device-access combinations have rarely been presented in young patients under the age of 5 years...

BACKGROUND: Incrementing numbers of patients treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) call for scrutiny concerning long-term drug-safety. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate associations between long-term use of ADHD treatment and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Using nationwide registers, adult patients first-time initiated on ADHD treatment between 1998 and 2020 were identified. Exposure groups were prior users, <1 defined daily dose (DDD) per day, ≥1 DDD per day determined at start of follow-up, and 1 year after patients' first claimed prescription...

BACKGROUND: Data on the associations of triglyceride (TG) levels with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality mainly focused on the middle-aged or elderly population, with limited information available for younger adults. This study aimed to identify such associations among Chinese young adults. METHODS: This study included Chinese adults younger than 40 years free of CVD, cancer, and lipid-lowering agents at baseline in the Kailuan study who were enrolled during 2006 through 2016...

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men...

The current investigation examined whether visual motion without continuous visual displacement could effectively induce self-motion perception (vection). Four-stroke apparent motions (4SAM) were employed in the experiments as visual inducers. The 4SAM pattern contained luminance-defined motion energy equivalent to the real motion pattern, and the participants perceived unidirectional motion according to the motion energy but without displacements (the visual elements flickered on the spot). The experiments revealed that the 4SAM stimulus could effectively induce vection in the horizontal, expanding, or rotational directions, although its strength was significantly weaker than that induced by the real-motion stimulus...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 are the main cause of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). SVD-associated NOTCH3 variants have recently been categorized into high risk (HR), moderate risk (MR), or low risk (LR) for developing early-onset severe SVD. The most severe NOTCH3-associated SVD phenotype is also known as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). We aimed to investigate whether NOTCH3 variant risk category is associated with 2-year progression rate of SVD clinical and neuroimaging outcomes in CADASIL...

BACKGROUND: Stroke volume can be estimated beat-to-beat and non-invasively by pulse wave analysis (PWA). However, its reliability has been questioned during marked alterations in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). We studied the effect of SVR on the agreement between stroke volume by PWA and Doppler ultrasound during reductions in stroke volume in healthy volunteers. METHODS: In a previous study we simultaneously measured stroke volume by PWA (SVPWA) and suprasternal Doppler ultrasound (SVUS)...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: : A few studies have suggested the association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and ischemic stroke. However, the impact of HP eradication on stroke risk has not been well evaluated. This study aimed to assess the influence of HP eradication on the incidence of ischemic stroke, considering the potential effect of sex. METHODS: : This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, from May 2003 to February 2023, and involved gastroscopy-based HP testing...