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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell, Heeju Ryu, Amy S Codd, K Rachael Parks, Hugh R MacMillan, Kristen W Cohen, Terri L Stewart, Aaron Seese, Maria P Lemos, Stephen C De Rosa, Julie L Czartoski, Zoe Moodie, Long T Nguyen, Donald J McGuire, Rafi Ahmed, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, M Juliana McElrath, Evan W Newell
SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination both elicit spike (S)-specific T cell responses. To analyze how T cell memory from prior infection influences T cell responses to vaccination, we evaluated functional T cell responses in naive and previously infected vaccine recipients. Pre-vaccine S-specific responses are predictive of subsequent CD8+ T cell vaccine-response magnitudes. Comparing baseline with post-vaccination TCRβ repertoires, we observed large clonotypic expansions correlated with the frequency of spike-specific T cells...
August 1, 2023: Cell reports medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shaily Brahmbhatt, Amanda Mikalachki, Julie Ann Lawrence, Lindsay Blackwell, Paulina Bleah, Yumna Khan, Tsan-Hua Tung, Kathy Austin, Laura Craig, Kristin K Clemens
INTRODUCTION: People living with diabetes (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) can have difficulty attending multiple appointments to receive DM care. We developed and studied the utility of a DM outreach program to offer in the hemodialysis (HD) unit. METHODS: We conducted a quality improvement project in a satellite HD unit in London, Ontario, Canada between August 1, 2019 and July 31, 2022. We assessed for baseline gaps in DM care among those with DM, performed root cause analysis with key stakeholders to identify critical drivers of gaps, and conceptualized a Certified DM Educator (CDE)-led outreach program to offer in the HD unit...
August 5, 2023: Canadian Journal of Diabetes
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron R Allred, Victoria G Kravets, Nisar Ahmed, Torin K Clark
Transitioning between gravitational environments results in a central reinterpretation of sensory information, producing an adapted sensorimotor state suitable for motor actions and perceptions in the new environment. Critically, this central adaptation is not instantaneous, and complete adaptation may require weeks of prolonged exposure to novel environments. To mitigate risks associated with the lagging time course of adaptation (e.g., spatial orientation misperceptions, alterations in locomotor and postural control, and motion sickness), it is critical that we better understand sensorimotor states during adaptation...
2023: Frontiers in Neural Circuits
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bethany B Moore, Megan N Ballinger, Natalie N Bauer, Timothy S Blackwell, Zea Borok, G R Scott Budinger, Blanca Camoretti-Mercado, Serpil C Erzurum, Blanca E Himes, Venkateshwar G Keshamouni, Hrishikesh S Kulkarni, Rama K Mallampalli, Thomas J Mariani, Fernando J Martinez, Janet E McCombs, Dawn C Newcomb, Richard A Johnston, Michael A O'Reilly, Y S Prakash, Karen M Ridge, Patricia J Sime, Anne I Sperling, Shelia Violette, David S Wilkes, Melanie Königshoff
Rationale: To identify barriers and opportunities for Ph.D., basic and translational scientists to be fully integrated into clinical units. Objectives: In 2022, an ad hoc committee of the American Thoracic Society developed a project proposal and workshop to identify opportunities and barriers for scientists who do not practice medicine to develop successful careers and achieve tenure-track faculty positions in clinical departments and divisions within academic medical centers (AMCs) in the United States. Methods: This document focuses on results from a survey of adult and pediatric pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine division chiefs as well as a survey of workshop participants, including faculty in departmental and school leadership roles in both basic science and clinical units within U...
August 2023: Annals of the American Thoracic Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
V J Lewitus, K T Blackwell
Estradiol, a female sex hormone and the predominant form of estrogen, has diverse effects throughout the brain including in learning and memory. Estradiol modulates several types of learning that depend on the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a subregion of the basal ganglia involved in goal-directed learning, cued action-selection, and motor skills. A cellular basis of learning is synaptic plasticity, and the presence of extranuclear estradiol receptors ERα, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) throughout the DMS suggests that estradiol may influence rapid cellular actions including those involved in plasticity...
July 24, 2023: ENeuro
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth B Heyward, Reese H Clark, P Brian Smith, Daniel K Benjamin, Kanecia O Zimmerman, Kaashif A Ahmad, Courtney K Blackwell, Hannah Won, Rachel Ssengonzi, Avi Belbase, Courage O Ndalama, Jennifer An, Ogugua Nwaezeigwe, Rachel G Greenberg
OBJECTIVE: Characterize the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis among mothers with infants hospitalized in 294 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and demographics and outcomes of infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure in utero. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of infants discharged from NICUs 01/2020-09/2021. We defined groups based on infant diagnosis, infant testing, and maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection status...
July 14, 2023: Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leah W Roberts, David A Enoch, Fahad Khokhar, Grace A Blackwell, Hayley Wilson, Ben Warne, Theodore Gouliouris, Zamin Iqbal, M Estée Török
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) affect the most vulnerable people in society and are increasingly difficult to treat in the face of mounting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Routine surveillance represents an effective way of understanding the circulation and burden of bacterial resistance and transmission in hospital settings. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to retrospectively analyse carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria from a single hospital in the UK over 6 years ( n =165)...
July 2023: Microbial Genomics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Traci A Bekelman, Leonardo Trasande, Andrew Law, Courtney K Blackwell, Lisa P Jacobson, Theresa M Bastain, Carrie V Breton, Amy J Elliott, Assiamira Ferrara, Margaret R Karagas, Judy L Aschner, Nicole Bornkamp, Carlos A Camargo, Sarah S Comstock, Anne L Dunlop, Jody M Ganiban, James E Gern, Catherine J Karr, Rachel S Kelly, Kristen Lyall, T Michael O'Shea, Julie B Schweitzer, Kaja Z LeWinn
OBJECTIVE: Ongoing pediatric cohort studies offer opportunities to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's health. With well-characterized data from tens of thousands of US children, the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program offers such an opportunity. METHODS: ECHO enrolled children and their caregivers from community- and clinic-based pediatric cohort studies. Extant data from each of the cohorts were pooled and harmonized...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beatrice Caffé, Aaron Blackwell, Bethaney D Fehrenkamp, Janet E Williams, Ryan M Pace, Kimberly A Lackey, Lorena Ruiz, Juan M Rodríguez, Mark A McGuire, James A Foster, Daniel W Sellen, Elizabeth W Kamau-Mbuthia, Egidioh W Kamundia, Samwel Mbugua, Sophie E Moore, Andrew M Prentice, Linda J Kvist, Gloria E Otoo, Rossina G Pareja, Lars Bode, Dubale Gebeyehu, Debela K Gindola, Sarah Boothman, Katherine Flores, Michelle K McGuire, Courtney L Meehan
OBJECTIVES: Breastfeeding is an energetically costly and intense form of human parental investment, providing sole-source nutrition in early infancy and bioactive components, including immune factors. Given the energetic cost of lactation, milk factors may be subject to tradeoffs, and variation in concentrations have been explored utilizing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. As human milk immune factors are critical to developing immune system and protect infants against pathogens, we tested whether concentrations of milk immune factors (IgA, IgM, IgG, EGF, TGFβ2, and IL-10) vary in response to infant sex and maternal condition (proxied by maternal diet diversity [DD] and body mass index [BMI]) as posited in the Trivers-Willard hypothesis and consider the application of the hypothesis to milk composition...
June 26, 2023: American Journal of Human Biology: the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council
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Vineet Agrawal, Jonathan A Kropski, Jason J Gokey, Elizabeth Kobeck, Matthew Murphy, Katherine T Murray, Niki L Fortune, Christy S Moore, David F Meoli, Ken Monahan, Yan Ru Su, Thomas Blackwell, Deepak K Gupta, Megha H Talati, Santhi Gladson, Erica J Carrier, James D West, Anna R Hemnes
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common and highly morbid syndrome, but mechanisms driving PH-HFpEF are not well understood. We sought to determine whether a well-accepted murine model of HFpEF also displays features of PH in HFpEF, and we sought to identify pathways that might drive early remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature in HFpEF. METHODS: Eight week old male and female C57/BL6J mice were given either L-NAME and high fat diet (HFD) or control water/diet for 2,5, and 12 weeks...
May 18, 2023: bioRxiv
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
M J Lee, A M Folan, D M Baker, S Blackwell, R Wootton, K Robinson, S Sebastian, S R Brown, G L Jones, A J Lobo
AIM: People living with ulcerative colitis (UC) have two broad treatment avenues, namely medical or surgical therapy. The choice between these can depend on patient preference as well as the receipt of relevant information. The aim of this study was to define the informational needs of patients with UC. METHOD: A postal survey was designed to capture respondent demographics, treatment experienced within the previous 12 months and informational preferences by rating a long list of items...
May 26, 2023: Colorectal Disease
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Phillip Sherlock, Madeleine U Shalowitz, Carolyn Berry, David Cella, Courtney K Blackwell, Whitney Cowell, Karen M Reyes Rodriguez, Rosalind J Wright
UNLABELLED: Assessing stressful life events in large-scale epidemiologic studies is challenged by the need to measure potential stressful events in a reasonably comprehensible manner balanced with burden on participants and research staff. The aim of this paper was to create a short form of the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised (CRISYS-R) plus 17 acculturation items, a measure that captures contemporary life stressors across 11 domains. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to segment the sample of 884 women from the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study experiencing different patterns of exposure to stressful events and identify items from each domain that best discriminate between individuals with different patterns of stressful-event exposures (high vs...
2023: Current Psychology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah R Clippinger Schulte, Brent Scott, Samantha K Barrick, W Tom Stump, Thomas Blackwell, Michael J Greenberg
The cardiac cycle is a tightly regulated process wherein the heart generates force to pump blood to the body during systole and then relaxes during diastole. Disruption of this finely tuned cycle can lead to a range of diseases including cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Cardiac contraction is driven by the molecular motor myosin, which pulls regulated thin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. In some muscle and non-muscle myosins, regulatory proteins on actin tune the kinetics, mechanics, and load dependence of the myosin working stroke; however, it is not well understood whether or how thin filament regulatory proteins tune the mechanics of the cardiac myosin motor...
May 10, 2023: Biophysical Journal
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bradley A Bromet, Nathaniel P Blackwell, Nada Abokefa, Parker Freudenberger, Rebekah L Blatt, Richard K Brow, Julie A Semon
Borate bioactive glasses have gained attention in recent years due to their therapeutic and regenerative effects in vivo. However, borate bioactive glasses release alkaline ions, increasing the local pH and creating a toxic environment for cell culture studies. A partial compositional substitution of phosphate for borate can create a pH-neutral glass that does not significantly affect the local pH while still releasing therapeutic ions. In the present study, a series of Na-Ca-borophosphate bioactive glasses with different borate-to-phosphate ratios was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for cytotoxicity and angiogenic effects...
May 2, 2023: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua S Weinstock, Cecelia A Laurie, Jai G Broome, Kent D Taylor, Xiuqing Guo, Alan R Shuldiner, Jeffrey R O'Connell, Joshua P Lewis, Eric Boerwinkle, Kathleen C Barnes, Nathalie Chami, Eimear E Kenny, Ruth J F Loos, Myriam Fornage, Susan Redline, Brian E Cade, Frank D Gilliland, Zhanghua Chen, W James Gauderman, Rajesh Kumar, Leslie Grammer, Robert P Schleimer, Bruce M Psaty, Joshua C Bis, Jennifer A Brody, Edwin K Silverman, Jeong H Yun, Dandi Qiao, Scott T Weiss, Jessica Lasky-Su, Dawn L DeMeo, Nicholette D Palmer, Barry I Freedman, Donald W Bowden, Michael H Cho, Ramachandran S Vasan, Andrew D Johnson, Lisa R Yanek, Lewis C Becker, Sharon Kardia, Jiang He, Robert Kaplan, Susan R Heckbert, Nicholas L Smith, Kerri L Wiggins, Donna K Arnett, Marguerite R Irvin, Hemant Tiwari, Adolfo Correa, Laura M Raffield, Yan Gao, Mariza de Andrade, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Ani W Manichaikul, Barbara A Konkle, Jill M Johnsen, Marsha M Wheeler, Brian S Custer, Ravindranath Duggirala, Joanne E Curran, John Blangero, Hongsheng Gui, Shujie Xiao, L Keoki Williams, Deborah A Meyers, Xingnan Li, Victor Ortega, Stephen McGarvey, C Charles Gu, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Wen-Jane Lee, M Benjamin Shoemaker, Dawood Darbar, Dan Roden, Christine Albert, Charles Kooperberg, Pinkal Desai, Thomas W Blackwell, Goncalo R Abecasis, Albert V Smith, Hyun M Kang, Rasika Mathias, Pradeep Natarajan, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Alexander P Reiner, Alexander G Bick
Nononcogenic somatic mutations are thought to be uncommon and inconsequential. To test this, we analyzed 43,693 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine blood whole genomes from 37 cohorts and identified 7131 non-missense somatic mutations that are recurrently mutated in at least 50 individuals. These recurrent non-missense somatic mutations (RNMSMs) are not clearly explained by other clonal phenomena such as clonal hematopoiesis. RNMSM prevalence increased with age, with an average 50-year-old having 27 RNMSMs...
April 28, 2023: Science Advances
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rahul R Karamchandani, Sagar Satyanarayana, Hongmei Yang, Jeremy B Rhoten, Dale Strong, Sam Singh, Jonathan D Clemente, Gary Defilipp, Manuel Hazim, Nikhil M Patel, Joe Bernard, William R Stetler, Jonathan M Parish, Thomas A Blackwell, Jeremy J Heit, Gregory W Albers, Kasser Saba, Amy K Guzik, Stacey Q Wolfe, Andrew W Asimos
INTRODUCTION: The Critical Area Perfusion Score (CAPS) predicts functional outcomes in vertebrobasilar thrombectomy patients based on computed tomography perfusion (CTP) hypoperfusion. We compared CAPS to the clinical-radiographic Charlotte Large artery occlusion Endovascular therapy Outcome Score (CLEOS). METHODS: Acute basilar thrombosis patients from January 2017-December 2021 were included in this retrospective analysis from a health system's stroke registry...
July 2023: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases: the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisabeth C McGowan, Monica McGrath, Andrew Law, T Michael O'Shea, Judy L Aschner, Courtney K Blackwell, Rebecca C Fry, Jody M Ganiban, Rosemary Higgins, Amy Margolis, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Genevieve Taylor, Akram N Alshawabkeh, José F Cordero, Nicole T Spillane, Mark L Hudak, Carlos A Camargo, Dana Dabelea, Anne L Dunlop, Amy J Elliott, Assiamira M Ferrara, Maria Talavera-Barber, Anne Marie Singh, Margaret R Karagas, Catherine Karr, Thomas G O'Connor, Nigel Paneth, Rosalind J Wright, Robert O Wright, Whitney Cowell, Joseph B Stanford, Casper Bendixsen, Barry M Lester
IMPORTANCE: Limited data exist on pediatric health care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and young adults born preterm. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in health care use related to COVID-19 concerns during the pandemic among children and young adults born preterm vs those born at term. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cohort study, questionnaires regarding COVID-19 and health care utilization were completed by 1691 mother-offspring pairs from 42 pediatric cohorts in the National Institutes of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program...
April 3, 2023: JAMA Network Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie A Hofheimer, Monica McGrath, Rashelle Musci, Guojing Wu, Sarah Polk, Courtney K Blackwell, Annemarie Stroustrup, Robert D Annett, Judy Aschner, Brian S Carter, Jennifer Check, Elisabeth Conradt, Lisa A Croen, Anne L Dunlop, Amy J Elliott, Andrew Law, Leslie D Leve, Jenae M Neiderhiser, T Michael O'Shea, Amy L Salisbury, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Rachana Singh, Lynne M Smith, Andréa Aguiar, Jyoti Angal, Hannah Carliner, Cindy McEvoy, Steven J Ondersma, Barry Lester
IMPORTANCE: Emotional and behavioral dysregulation during early childhood are associated with severe psychiatric, behavioral, and cognitive disorders through adulthood. Identifying the earliest antecedents of persisting emotional and behavioral dysregulation can inform risk detection practices and targeted interventions to promote adaptive developmental trajectories among at-risk children. OBJECTIVE: To characterize children's emotional and behavioral regulation trajectories and examine risk factors associated with persisting dysregulation across early childhood...
April 3, 2023: JAMA Network Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siavash Shahbazi Nia, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Guangchen Ji, Sravan K Jonnalagadda, Samuel Obeng, Md Ashrafur Rahman, Ali Ehsan Sifat, Saeideh Nozohouri, Collin Blackwell, Dhavalkumar Patel, Jon Thompson, Scott Runyon, Takato Hiranita, Christopher R McCurdy, Lance McMahon, Thomas J Abbruscato, Paul C Trippier, Volker Neugebauer, Nadezhda A German
Using the structure of gliotoxin as a starting point, we have prepared two different chemotypes with selective affinity to the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Using medicinal chemistry approaches and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, structural features required for the observed affinity were identified, and advanced molecules with favorable Multiparameter Optimization (MPO) and Ligand Lipophilicity (LLE) profiles were prepared. Using the Thermal Place Preference Test (TPPT), we have shown that compound2 blocks the antinociceptive effect of U50488, a known KOR agonist...
March 29, 2023: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua S Weinstock, Jayakrishnan Gopakumar, Bala Bharathi Burugula, Md Mesbah Uddin, Nikolaus Jahn, Julia A Belk, Hind Bouzid, Bence Daniel, Zhuang Miao, Nghi Ly, Taralynn M Mack, Sofia E Luna, Katherine P Prothro, Shaneice R Mitchell, Cecelia A Laurie, Jai G Broome, Kent D Taylor, Xiuqing Guo, Moritz F Sinner, Aenne S von Falkenhausen, Stefan Kääb, Alan R Shuldiner, Jeffrey R O'Connell, Joshua P Lewis, Eric Boerwinkle, Kathleen C Barnes, Nathalie Chami, Eimear E Kenny, Ruth J F Loos, Myriam Fornage, Lifang Hou, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Susan Redline, Brian E Cade, Bruce M Psaty, Joshua C Bis, Jennifer A Brody, Edwin K Silverman, Jeong H Yun, Dandi Qiao, Nicholette D Palmer, Barry I Freedman, Donald W Bowden, Michael H Cho, Dawn L DeMeo, Ramachandran S Vasan, Lisa R Yanek, Lewis C Becker, Sharon L R Kardia, Patricia A Peyser, Jiang He, Michiel Rienstra, Pim Van der Harst, Robert Kaplan, Susan R Heckbert, Nicholas L Smith, Kerri L Wiggins, Donna K Arnett, Marguerite R Irvin, Hemant Tiwari, Michael J Cutler, Stacey Knight, J Brent Muhlestein, Adolfo Correa, Laura M Raffield, Yan Gao, Mariza de Andrade, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Russell P Tracy, Barbara A Konkle, Jill M Johnsen, Marsha M Wheeler, J Gustav Smith, Olle Melander, Peter M Nilsson, Brian S Custer, Ravindranath Duggirala, Joanne E Curran, John Blangero, Stephen McGarvey, L Keoki Williams, Shujie Xiao, Mao Yang, C Charles Gu, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Wen-Jane Lee, Gregory M Marcus, John P Kane, Clive R Pullinger, M Benjamin Shoemaker, Dawood Darbar, Dan M Roden, Christine Albert, Charles Kooperberg, Ying Zhou, JoAnn E Manson, Pinkal Desai, Andrew D Johnson, Rasika A Mathias, Thomas W Blackwell, Goncalo R Abecasis, Albert V Smith, Hyun M Kang, Ansuman T Satpathy, Pradeep Natarajan, Jacob O Kitzman, Eric A Whitsel, Alexander P Reiner, Alexander G Bick, Siddhartha Jaiswal
Mutations in a diverse set of driver genes increase the fitness of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to clonal haematopoiesis1 . These lesions are precursors for blood cancers2-6 , but the basis of their fitness advantage remains largely unknown, partly owing to a paucity of large cohorts in which the clonal expansion rate has been assessed by longitudinal sampling. Here, to circumvent this limitation, we developed a method to infer the expansion rate from data from a single time point. We applied this method to 5,071 people with clonal haematopoiesis...
April 12, 2023: Nature
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