Assault

The escalating rates of rape and sexual assault cases underscore the essential need to analyze associative evidence of sexual assault to ensure justice. The condom, when used during the act of sexual assault/rape, leaves behind traces of lubricant that could be instrumental in establishing the link between the victim and perpetrator. This leading evidence is crucial especially when the traditional DNA analysis is challenging owing to the lack of biological evidence. The present study employs the use of ATR FTIR spectroscopy coupled with the chemometric, to discern the chemical discrimination of condom lubricants...

BACKGROUND: Severe ocular chemical injury is a potentially devastating condition which most commonly affects men of working age. Workplace injuries previously accounted for the majority of incidents, but there has been a recent increase in assaults involving corrosive substances throughout the UK. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and demographics of severe ocular chemical injury and describe current surgical management practices. METHODS: Cases were prospectively ascertained through the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit monthly reporting system during 2019-21...

INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the leading cause of death in pregnant women. Although it can be difficult to identify patients experiencing IPV, injuries to the head, neck, or face due to an assault are known to correlate with intentional injury. The objective of this study is to assess the contemporary burden of IPV in pregnancy and describe the patient characteristics. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample was queried for all pregnant women between January 2016 and December 2019...

BACKGROUND: Romantic relationship dissolutions (RRD) are associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Functional magnetic resonance imaging in RRD studies indicates overlapping neural activation similar to posttraumatic stress disorder. These studies combine real and hypothetical rejection, and lack contextual information and control groups exposed to non-RRD or DSM-5 defined traumatic events. AIM: We investigated blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and insula of participants with RRDs compared with other traumatic or non-trauma stressors...

The wording of self-report instruments likely affects its responses; however, there has been very little inquiry into the topic. The purpose of this study was to examine how items in a sexual assault experiences questionnaire varied based on pronouns (first person or second person) and order (sexual-behavior or coercive-tactic first) affected responses. College students ( N  = 979) were randomly assigned in a 2 by 2 between-subjects experiment to experimental versions of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES)...

Most emergency medical clinicians are not trained to conduct forensic sexual assault exams yet are often the first to care for survivors of recent sexual assault. Before the implementation of live sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) consultation provided via telemedicine ("teleSANE") in one state, results of an online survey of emergency nurses ( N  = 116) found only 13% felt extremely confident providing quality forensic sexual assault examinations. Two-thirds of emergency nurses felt using teleSANE during sexual assault care would support their clinical decision-making skills...

This study examined the relationship between the actual level of physical violence in sexual offenses and dark triad, empathic and impulsive personality traits of their perpetrators. Sixty-four male perpetrators of sexual offenses without any serious mental illness were included. A 5-point Likert-type coding system based on Violence Profile for Current Offense was applied to assess the severity of physical violence of each sexual offense. Personality traits of dark triad (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism), trait empathy and impulsiveness were also evaluated...

BACKGROUND: Sexual assault occurring within healthcare settings represents a significant breach of public trust. This scoping review aimed to highlight the profile of people raped, those who committed the rape within the health facilities, and the legal actions taken to resolved cases. METHODS: Media-reported data on incidents of rape in healthcare settings were collected. The search was conducted in May and June 2023, focusing on English-language publications with accessible full texts...

IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is marked by the contrasting symptoms of hyperemotional reactivity and emotional numbing (ie, reduced emotional reactivity). Comprehending the mechanism that governs the transition between neutral and negative emotional states is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES: To explore whether individuals with PTSD experience a more pronounced shift between neutral and negative emotional states and how the intensity of emotional numbing symptoms impacts this shift...

The stigma associated with sexual victimization (SV) can add to the psychological burden on survivors. We compared experiences of SV and SV stigma by survivor gender and sexuality and evaluated the relevance of public and internalized sources of this stigma to their psychological functioning. An online survey containing measures of SV type (sexual harassment and assault), public SV stigma, internalized SV stigma (self-blame, self-shame, anticipated-shame), and psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptomatology) was completed by 877 women and 211 men aged 18 to 66 years ( M  = 30...

BACKGROUND: Patients sustaining maxillofacial fractures are at risk for associated injuries (AIs) to other body regions. The incidence of AIs is reported to be from 20 to 35%. AIs may be life-threatening and play a key role in considering first-line management at the emergency department, as well as planning the definitive treatment of maxillofacial fractures. PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors for AIs in patients with maxillofacial fractures...

This editorial critiques the existing literature on decolonizing global health, using the current assault on health in Gaza as a case in point. It argues that the failure to address the ongoing violence and blatant targeting of health facilities, personnel and innocent civilians demonstrates most clearly the limitations of an approach that is strong on rhetoric and weak on mounting a forthright challenge to the entire system supporting and perpetuating settler colonialism. We propose a more radical rethinking of the position of global health institutions within the current neoliberal system and of the systems of knowledge production that continue to underpin the existing colonial approach to the health of victims of settler colonialism...

BACKGROUND: Ethiopia, with about 10% of Africa's population, has little direct information on causes of death, particularly in rural areas where 80% of Ethiopians live. In 2019-2020, we conducted electronic verbal autopsies (e-VA) to examine causes of death and quantify cause-specific mortality rates in rural Ethiopia. METHODS: We examined deaths under 70 years in the three years prior to the survey dates (November 25, 2019-February 29, 2020) among 2% of East Gojjam Zone (Amhara Region) using registered deaths and adding random sampling in this cross-sectional study...

PURPOSE: Road traffic accidents (RTA), assaults, falls, and sports-related injuries are the leading causes of maxillofacial trauma. Due to quite different geographical environment and fast urbanization, the use of various protective equipment is restricted in India. Thus, compared to other countries, there might be a significant difference in the pattern and frequency of associated injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma. The present study was conducted to identify the causes and pattern of various maxillofacial fractures and the frequency of other related injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma...

This study aims to develop and validate a brief bedside tool to screen women survivors presenting for emergency care following sexual assault for risk of persistent elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) six months after assault. Participants were 547 cisgender women sexual assault survivors who presented to one of 13 sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs for medical care within 72 h of a sexual assault and completed surveys one week and six months after the assault. Data on 222 potential predictors from the SANE visit and the week one survey spanning seven broadly-defined risk factor domains were candidates for inclusion in the screening tool...

N 6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is a prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, tRNA, miRNA, and long non-coding RNA. It is also known for its role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive m6 A transcriptome-wide map for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ) infections in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) is currently unavailable. Our study is the first to profile m6 A modifications in wheat infected with a virulent Pst race. Analysis of RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes are up-regulated and hyper-methylated...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading contributor to emergency department (ED) mortalities in Ethiopia. Mild TBI patients comprise half of all TBI patients presenting for care in Ethiopia and have a high potential for recovery. As such, context-specific care-improving strategies may be highly impactful for this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the presentation and disposition of mTBI patients who received a computed tomography scan of the head (CTH) upon arrival at the largest teaching hospital in Ethiopia...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of healthcare workers participating in the prevention and control of the pandemic, thereby reducing their quality of life and affecting the quality of patient outcomes. This study aims to explore and deeply understand the mental health problems among healthcare workers participating in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A mixed methods study was undertaken with a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 2870 healthcare workers who have been participating in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2021, followed by a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study comprised of in-depth interviews with a purposively sampled subset of 40 healthcare workers...

INTRODUCTION: Some people with dementia develop changes in behaviour and cognition that may lead to interactions with police or the legal system. However, large, prospective case-control studies examining these behaviours are lacking. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four people with dementia and 53 controls completed the Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener. RESULTS: Criminal risk behaviours were reported in: 65.6% of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, 46...

Violence against women (VAW) is a significant public health and human rights issue, with an estimated 736 million women globally experiencing VAW. Consistent evidence demonstrates that substance use is associated with VAW and that participation in substance use treatment programs is associated with reduction in substance use-related violence. While evidence demonstrates the ability to address VAW through substance use treatment programs, less attention has been paid to geographic access to substance use programs...