TGF

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of static progressive stretching (SPS) in different durations on traumatic knee contracture in rats. Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, including surgical modeling group ( n =50), control group (CON, no surgery, no treatment, n =10) and trauma without immobilization group (TRA, no treatment, n =10). The knee contracture model was established, and 50 surgical modeling rats were randomly divided into five groups including static progressive stretching treatment for 20 minutes group (S20 min, n =10), treatment for 30 minutes group (S30 min, n =10), treatment for 40 minutes group (S40 min, n =10), untreatment group (UNT, no SPS, n =10) and modeling group (MOD, n =10, euthanized after immobilization for histological staining and Western blot)...

Objective: To investigate the regulation of fibromodulin (FMOD) on proliferation, adhesion and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cell line H322, and discuss its action mechanism. Methods: H322 cells were randomly divided into control group, small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing FMOD ( FMOD siRNA) group and control siRNA (Con siRNA) group. FMOD siRNA and Con siRNA were transfected into H322 cells. The cell viability of each group was detected by CCK-8 method...

Objective: Myofibroblast transformation has been shown to be associated with the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox4). Inhibition of transient receptor potential channel canonical type 3 (TRPC3) attenuates mitochondrial calcium handling and ROS production in the vasculature of hypertensive rats. However, it remains elusive whether TRPC3 regulates mitochondrial calcium and ROS production and participates in myofibroblast transdifferentiation during wound healing...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2123.].

The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of long intergenic non-coding RNA for kinase activation (LINK-A) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in osteosarcoma. Plasma levels of LINK-A lncRNA and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Correlation between LINK-A lncRNA and TGF-β1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. LINK-A lncRNA and TGF-β1 were upregulated in patients with osteosarcoma compared with healthy controls...

We aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of pirfenidone (PFD) on proliferation, migration and collagen contraction of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs). HPFs were obtained from tissue explants during pterygium surgery. After treatment with pirfenidone, the HPFs proliferation was measured by MTT, cell cycle progression measured by flow cytometry, cell migration measured by the scratch assay, and cell contractility evaluated in fibroblast-populated collagen gels. The expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were also determined with quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining...

Objective: To assess the clinical utility of the ratio of CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs) in subjects at high risk of HCC, investigate the relationship between the percentage of Tregs and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma before and after treatment. Methods: Peripheral venous blood was collected from patients with liver cancer before and after treatment. The proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs was detected by flow cytometry...

Introduction: Fibrous cephalic plaques (FCP) are a characteristic manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and occur in one third of cases. Their natural history and long term course is unknown, as is the outcome of long term follow-up of TSC cases in old age. Phenotype and methods: We describe an 80 year old with TSC due to a c.2784dupC TSC2 mutation, who was diagnosed in infancy with an FCP and was regularly followed up at the TSC clinic over 8 decades with regular epilepsy treatment and renal monitoring...

Despite previous reports of anti-aging effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated possible mechanisms of KRG-mediated anti-aging effects in aged mice. KRG significantly inhibited thymic involution in old mice. Interestingly, KRG only increased protein expression, but not mRNA expression, of aging-related genes Lin28a, GDF-11, Sirt1, IL-2, and IL-17 in the thymocytes of old mice. KRG also modulated the population of some types of immune cells in old mice...

We previously demonstrated that collagen metabolism affects scleral mechanical properties and scleral remodeling. Scleral remodeling changes the mechanical strain on sclera and scleral fibroblasts. We postulated that mechanical strain changes affect collagen metabolism in scleral fibroblasts. To understand the differences in collagen metabolism in scleral fibroblasts related to mechanical strain changes, scleral fibroblasts were isolated and cultured under different mechanical strains using the FX-4000 system or were treated with the TGF-β1 and TGFBR1 inhibitor LY364947...

Virus targeted therapy for tumors can effectively prolong the survival rate of patients and has become a new trend for cancer biotherapy. Oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) can specifically replicate in tumor cells, allowing the therapeutic genes carried to be rapidly copied. As known, solid tumors are always hypoxic, and researchers often overlook a key point, the replication of oncolytic adenovirus depends not only on its own activity but also on the cellular hypoxic environment in which the virus replicates. Here we constructed an oncolytic adenovirus carrying Decorin, HRE-Ki67-Decorin, combining the Ki67 promoter up-streamed with hypoxia response element (HRE) sequences to drive adenoviral E1A...

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is characterized by a strong desmoplastic reaction, largely responsible for cancer aggressiveness. Within the tumour microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in tumour progression, secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. However, pathways involved in acquisition of CAF phenotype remain unclear. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Cangkrama et al describe a new mechanism of fibroblast activation in squamous cell carcinoma...

The high prevalence of tendon re-tear following rotator cuff repair motivates the development of new therapeutics to promote improved tendon healing. Controlled delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to the repair site via an implanted scaffold is a promising option for modulating inflammation in the healing environment. Furthermore, biodegradable nanofibrous delivery systems offer an optimized architecture and surface area for cellular attachment, proliferation, and infiltration while releasing soluble factors to promote tendon regeneration...

Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease. The present work aimed to evaluate the regulatory immune effect of curcumin in hepatic cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections in experimental rats' model. Chronic liver fibrosis was induced in experiment animals by recurrent injections of CCl4 for more than 5 weeks. They were divided into five groups: first group was injected with normal saline, second group with CCl4, third, fourth, and fifth groups were injected with CCl4 (intraperitoneal injection) at dose 3 ml/kg, two times weekly for 6 weeks supplemented with the administration of curcumin with concentrations 250, 200, and 150 mg/kg...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression levels of adiponectin signaling related proteins in mammary tissue, liver and breast cancer tissue in mice. Adiponectin, an adipocytokine, is secreted from adipose tissue and has been documented to have roles in diabetes, inflammation, and cancer development. In particular, levels of serum adiponectin are inversely associated with obesity and a decrease in serum adiponectin levels have been reported to be associated with breast cancer...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of SB525334 on self-renewal, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer stem cells. METHODS: ALDHhigh-expressing cancer stem cells (CSCs) were isolated from human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 by flow cytometry and treated with 2μg/mL SB525334 for 6h. The sphere forming assay was used to detect the ability of self-renewal of CSCs and the colony formation assay was used to detect the tumorigenicity in vitro. Transwell migration and invasion assay were used to detect the migration and invasion ability of CSCs...

Epidemiologic and histopathologic findings and the laying hen model support the long-standing incessant ovulation hypothesis and cortical inclusion cyst involvement in sporadic ovarian cancer development. MicroRNA-200 (miR-200) family is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. Herewith, we show that ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells with ectopic miR-200 expression formed stabilized cysts in three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture with E-cadherin fragment expression and steroid hormone pathway activation, whereas ovarian cancer 3D cultures with miR-200 knockdown showed elevated TGF-β expression, mitotic spindle disorientation, increased lumenization, disruption of ROCK-mediated myosin II phosphorylation, and SRC signaling, which led to histotype-dependent loss of collective movement in tumor spread...

During embryonic development in vertebrates, morphogens play an important role in cell fate determination and morphogenesis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family control the dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning of embryos, whereas other morphogens such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt family members, and retinoic acid (RA) regulate the formation of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. Activation of morphogen signaling results in changes in the expression of target genes including transcription factors that direct cell fate along the body axes...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a chronic muscle disease characterized by poor myogenesis and replacement of muscle by extracellular matrix. Despite the shared genetic basis, severity of these deficits varies among patients. One source of these variations is the genetic modifier that leads to increased TGF-β activity. While anti-TGF-β therapies are being developed to target muscle fibrosis, their effect on the myogenic deficit is underexplored. Our analysis of in vivo myogenesis in mild (C57BL/10ScSn-mdx/J and C57BL/6J-mdxΔ52) and severe DBA/2J-mdx (D2-mdx) dystrophic models reveals no defects in developmental myogenesis in these mice...

Our recent studies identifying the presence of luminal secretory protein PSA in the stroma, decreased E-cadherin expression, and reduced number of tight junction kiss points in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues suggest that epithelial barrier permeability is increased in BPH. However, the cause of increased epithelial permeability in BPH is unclear. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been reported to be up-regulated in clinical BPH specimens and TGF-β1 overexpression induced fibrosis and inflammation in a murine model...