hyperglicemia

Abdominal obesity and specifically intrabdominal adiposity leads to increase in cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR), independently of body mass index (BMI). In order to examine CMR factors associated with the presence of visceral fat (VF) in individuals with different degrees of overweight/obesity, 154 men, 20 to 60 years of age, attending a at an Industrial Clinic in Venezuela, were evaluated. Ultrasound was used to establish the presence and amount of VF. As expected, VF values were higher as the BMI increased...

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) have generated higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were higher than those in cells from healthy individuals. In the presence of a cAMP-elevating agent, ROS production was significantly activated in PBMNC from DM2 patients but it was inhibited in cells from healthy subjects. Higher levels of IL-6 has been detected in the supernatant of PBMNC cultures from DM2 patients in comparison with healthy controls. When cells were cultured in the presence of a cAMP-elevating agent, the level of IL-6 decreased has by 46% in the supernatant of PBMNC from DM2 patients but it remained unaltered in controls...

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been used as a marker of alcohol induced liver disease. Recent epidemiology and pathology studies have suggested its independent role in the pathogenesis and clinical evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) promoting atherosclerosis through an oxidative process leading, within the atherosclerotic plaque, to LDL oxidation, metalloproteinase activation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Besides it is known that GGT levels rise even in the normal range, with obesity and hepatic steatosis occurs, it is thought, which originates insulin resistance (IR)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hyperglicemia is common in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is associated with high risk of mortality and morbidity. Relationship between admission plasma glucose (APG) levels and mortality in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with STEMI needs further investigation. The aim of this study was to analyse the short- and long-term prognostic significance of APG levels in patients with STEMI with and without diabetes. METHODS: This study included 115 patients with STEMI, 86 (74...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is increasing in the world. Chronic hyperglycemia in DM is associated with a long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially retina, kidney, nerves and, in addition, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. For a long time the illness has been unknown. Early diagnosis of diabetes could suspend the development of diabetic complications. The aim of the study was to establish risk for the development of coronary disease in the patients evaluated by the use of new dignostic criteria for DM...

Pathological examination in the spleen of an 81-year old female with hemoperitoneum, hypovolemic shock, anemia, thrombocytopenia and hyperglicemia revealed the presence of an angiosarcoma. On histological examination, characteristically the neoplasm was formed by vascular lumina and cystic spaces into which papillary fronds projected and solid nests. Neoplastic cells had scant cytoplasm, hyperchromatic, oval or reniform nuclei, with prominent nucleoli. The necrosis was evident and mitoses were frequent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for endothelial (CD31, CD34) and histiocytic markers (CD68 and lysozyme) and negativity for CD21...

UNLABELLED: It is unknown if altered ghrelin secretion might contribute to the development of metabolic complications in acromegaly. The AIM OF THE STUDY was to: 1) assess if serum concentrations of total and acylated ghrelin in patients with acromegaly differ in the presence of various metabolic complications (hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglicemia). 2) assess the correlations between concentrations of ghrelin and concentrations of GH, IGF-1, cholesterol, insulin and glucose in patients with acromegaly...

Maintaining an adequate metabolic control is still a challenge in many patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the many factors advocated to explain the failure to achieve recommended goals, clinical inertia is increasingly recognised as a primary cause of poor glycaemic control. The existence of a "metabolic memory" strongly supports the adoption of a more aggressive treat-to-target approach, instead of waiting for treatment failure. This approach may be particularly important in the initial phases of the disease, to slow the progressive decline of beta-cell function and improve overall outcomes...

Diabetes is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and macrovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this disease. Although our understanding of vascular pathology has lately greatly improved, the mechanism(s) underlying enhanced atherosclerosis in diabetes remain unclear. Endothelial cell dysfunction is emerging as a key component in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with diabetes. Although it has been established that endothelium plays a critical role in overall homeostasis of the vessels, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) in the arterial intima have a relevant part in the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes...

BACKGROUND: Albuminuria excretion rate above the reference range and below albustix positive proteinuria (20-199 microg/min) is known as microalbuminuria and has been associated with an increased risk of death and progression to renal failure. Besides hyperglicemia and high blood pressure levels, dietary factors can also influence albuminuria. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible associations of dietary components (macronutrients and selected foods) with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients...

UNLABELLED: Hyperglicemia is recognised as a primal factor responsible for microcirculatory changes in diabetic patients. There exist many reasons to claim that high glucose concentrations, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce oxidative stress which initiates peroxidation processes. The end products of lipids peroxidation (aldehydes) cause disturbances of cellular membrane structures, its depolarization, inhibition of membrane's enzymes activity, indicating loss of cellular membrane integrity and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria...

During the induction of diabetes with multiple low-dose of streptozotocin (40-45 mg/kg body weigh for 5 consecutive days) starting from day 3, CBA mice were injected repeatedly (10 daily injections) with either rat IL-1 inhibitor (IL-1 INH) derived from glucocorticoid-treated macrophages, or with recombinant DNA produced human IL-1 receptor antagonist (rIL-1ra). Althow not showing identity with each other, both agents by neutralisation of the activity of endogenous IL-1 interfered with the induction of diabetes...

INTRODUCTION: Ever since insulin was discovered by Banting and Best in 1921, all further researches in this field had been conducted with one goal: to find new insulin molecules which would provide better glycemic control with fewer side effects i.e. to mimic endogenous physiological insulin secretion. NORMAL INSULIN SECRETION: In healthy individuals, endogenous insulin secretion can be classified as basal (which provides basal glucose homeostasis) and stimulated (as a response to a meal)...

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) variables in a group of spanish obese children and adolescents, to asses MS prevalence in this population and to describe it's relationship with other metabolic risk factors. 103 children were studied : 54 male and 49 female, mean age 10.08+/-2.3 with exogenous obesity. Obesity was defined when BMI was higher than the age and sex specific equivalent to 30 kg/m(2) in adults. MS variables considered were waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood triglycerides, fasting glucose/insulin and HDL-cholesterol...

Diabetic retinopathy is a micro-angiopathy affecting predominantly small vessels of the retina. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterised by preretinal neovascularisation and fibrosis leading to vitreous heamorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. Chronic hyperglicemia may cause growth factor alterations that are likely to participate in tissue remodeling typical for this late complication. Numerous angiogenic and mitogenic factors have been demonstrated to be present in the eye, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), insulin-like growth factors, fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor...

Toward the end of the last century a better knowledge of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and their associations led investigators to propose the existence of a unique pathophysiological condition called "metabolic" or "insulin resistance syndrome". Among all, insulin-resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are considered its most important treatment targets. Different definitions have been provided by World Health Organization (WHO) and by The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III)...

UNLABELLED: In Venezuela, cardiovascular diseases have represented the first mortality cause since year 1967. Evidence have shown that early lesion of coronary atherosclerosis can be observed at infancy in close association to obesity and diabetes, suggesting that preventive measures should be initiated at that time. OBJECTIVE: To study presence of hyperlipidemia or hyperglicemia in obese children as risk indicators. METHODOLOGY: 121 children (aged 8...

The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism in development of cardiovascular pathology (CVP), metabolic syndrom and insulin-independent diabet associated with such metabolic disorders as glucose intolerance and hyperglicemia, intolerance to insulin and hyperinsulinemia, dyslipiproteinemia (DLP) and obesity is discussed. Most of authors consider D-allel and DD genotype to be assosiated with development of DLP and such CVP as ishemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is widely used in industrial and home-cleaning products, easily available to general public and inexpensive: intoxications can occur unintentionally, in suicide attempts or by alcohol abusers as a substitute for ethanol. Symptoms involve the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and at high doses cardiovascular manifestations may appear. Ketonemia, ketonuria without hyperglicemia or acidosis and elevated osmol gap are common laboratory findings. Mortality and morbidity is low, but some fatal cases have been reported in patients in deep coma and especially those with hypotension...

The evaluation of amniotic fluid volume represents, together with the evaluation of fetal growth, one of the most important indicators of fetal wellbeing. Amniotic fluid is produced by fetal urines with small aliquots from fetal membranes and lung fluids. The main determinant of its turnover is fetal swallowing together with a small absorption through fetal skin and membranes. The pathologic conditions that lead to an excess of amniotic fluid are represented by excessive production or by a reduction of the physiologic turnover...