Medicine

Ultrarunning is gaining in popularity but no information is available on the physiological and psychological responses during backyard ultrarunning events. The aim of this study was to determine changes in cognitive function, markers of physiological resilience, and running performance during a backyard-running event. Twelve male ultrarunners (38 ± 8 years old, BMI: 23.5 ± 1.6 kg/m2 , and VO2max : 60.8 ± 4.7 mL/min/kg) were monitored before, during, and after the event...

INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials are essential for advancing treatment options in oncology while providing cancer patients with innovative care; however, few cancer patients are referred to clinical trials. System-, provider-, and patient-level barriers to clinical trial participation have been described but have not been studied in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Although the VHA has engaged in several initiatives to improve Veteran's access to clinical trials, including the National Cancer Institute and VA Interagency Group to Accelerate Trials Enrollment program and VHA work on the White House Cancer Moonshot, further research is needed to understand the multifaceted challenges underlying limited enrollment for Veterans who receive care in the VHA system...

INTRODUCTION: Despite the advancement of eye-tracking technology for smooth pursuit (SP) eye movement evaluation, qualitative observation offers much information that is not captured by computers; hence, both objective and qualitative information should be utilized to evaluate SP. This study examined the consistency among our clinicians when evaluating SP using normal (N), grossly normal (GN), mildly abnormal (MA), and abnormal (AB) as classifications. We then evaluated the effect of combining GN and MA into a single subclinical (SUBC) category...

Correctional workers (CWs) endure several operational stressors (e.g., exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events) and organisational stressors (e.g., shift work, staff shortages), which are associated with positive screens for mental disorders and self-reports of suicidal behaviours and thus urgently warrant further inquiry. The Canadian Provincial and Territorial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study (CWMH) used an online survey to collect data from Canadian correctional service organisations across all 13 provinces and territories...

INTRODUCTION: Evaluations of clinical outcomes in service members with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in combat have largely focused on neurobehavioral and somatic symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and psychological/psychiatric health. Questions remain regarding other domains, such as gross or fine motor abilities, that could be impacted and are mission-critical to functional warfighters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objective of the current study was to evaluate longitudinal motor function in U...

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BACKGROUND: Injury risk in professional football (soccer) is increased in the weeks following return-to-play (RTP). However, the time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) as well as its influencing factors are largely unknown. This knowledge gap, which is arguably due to the volatility of instantaneous risk when calculated for short time intervals, impedes on informed RTP decision making and post-RTP player management. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the hazard curve for non-contact time-loss injuries after RTP in male professional football and to investigate the influence of the severity of the index injury and playing position...

BACKGROUND: Previous research has examined how fruit and vegetable consumption may affect cognitive impairment among older adults. However, knowledge regarding the behavioral change in fruit and vegetable consumption remains limited in the Chinese older adult population. This research aimed to fill the literature gap. METHODS: We used data from five waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (2005-2018, observations = 18,856 from 11,388 participants) and selected older adult participants (65 years old or above)...

tRNAs are codon decoders that convert the transcriptome into the proteome. The field of tRNA research is excited by the increasing discovery of specific tRNA modifications that are installed at specific, evolutionarily conserved positions by a set of specialized tRNA-modifying enzymes and the biogenesis of tRNA-derived regulatory fragments (tsRNAs) which exhibit copious activities through multiple mechanisms. Dysregulation of tRNA modification usually has pathological consequences, a phenomenon referred to as "tRNA modopathy"...

Platelet concentrates undergo progressive changes during storage, such as a decrease in pH. Additionally, pH and lactate production showed the strongest correlation with platelet survival in posttransfusion viability studies. pH measurement is a straightforward method for evaluating the quality control of blood components in blood bank practice. Our aim was to compare three pH assessment methods for canine platelet concentrates. The pH values of the canine platelet concentrates were assessed on the first day of storage using a calibrated pH meter, a portable gas analyzer and pH-indicator strips...

BACKGROUND: Element-equivalent matched theranostic pairs facilitate quantitative in vivo imaging to establish pharmacokinetics and dosimetry estimates in the development of preclinical radiopharmaceuticals. Terbium radionuclides have significant potential as matched theranostic pairs for multipurpose applications in nuclear medicine. In particular, 155 Tb (t1/2 = 5.32 d) and 161 Tb (t1/2 = 6.89 d) have been proposed as a theranostic pair for their respective applications in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and targeted beta therapy...

The use of allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell therapies for regenerative medicine offers an affordable and realistic alternative to producing individual iPSC lines for each patient in need. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)-homozygous iPSCs matched in hemi-similarity could provide cell therapies with reduced immune rejection covering a wide range of the population with a few iPSC lines. Several banks of HLA-homozygous iPSCs (haplobanks) have been established worldwide or are underway, to provide clinical grade starting material for cell therapies covering the most frequent HLA haplotypes for certain populations...

Dictyophora rubrovalvata is a valuable fungus homologous to food and medicine, and its polysaccharide have been gaining increasing attention because of its plentiful activity. However, the structure and activity of its homogeneous polysaccharide have not been studied enough. In this study, two polysaccharides DRP-I and DRP-II were purified from D. rubrovalvata. Their structures were characterized by chemical composition, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy...

The genus Rhododendron is an ancient and most widely distributed genus of the family Ericaceae consisting of evergreen plant species that have been utilized as traditional medicine since a very long time for the treatment of various ailments including pain, asthma, inflammation, cold, and acute bronchitis. The chemistry of polyphenolics isolated from a number of species of the genus Rhododendron has been investigated. During the currently designed study, an in-depth study on the phytochemistry, natural distribution, biosynthesis, and pharmacological properties including their potential capability as free radical scavengers has been conducted...

During the 1980s, college students in the United States helped to destigmatize the distribution and use of condoms. They shifted their aims from preventing unwanted pregnancy to stopping the spread of sexually transmitted infections including the newly identified acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two student-led initiatives to deliver condoms after hours at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the University of Texas at Austin show regional and temporal differences in sexual mores as awareness of AIDS increased...

Endochondral bone regeneration is a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Callus mimics (CMs) are engineered and remodeled into bone tissue upon implantation. The long-term objective is to fabricate a sustainable off-the-shelf treatment option for patients. Devitalization was introduced to facilitate storage and using allogeneic (donor) cells would further propel the off-the-shelf approach. However, allogeneic CMs for bone regeneration pose a potential antigenicity concern. Here, we explored the impact of devitalization on antigenicity and osteoinductive bone formation when implanting syngeneic or allogeneic CM in a vital or devitalized state...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to aggregate currently available literature as it pertains to treating surgical shoulder pathology in patients with osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging data surrounding perioperative use of anti-osteoporosis medications for patients undergoing shoulder surgery have not shown definitively favorable or unfavorable outcomes. Similar evaluations in animal studies have shown promising results as a biologic augment to tendon and bone healing, especially with newer, anabolic agents...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, affecting millions globally. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying MDD remain elusive, necessitating comprehensive investigations. Our study integrates transcriptomic analysis, functional assays, and computational modeling to explore the molecular landscape of MDD, focusing on the DLPFC. We identify key genomic alterations and co-expression modules associated with MDD, highlighting potential therapeutic targets...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that occlusal disharmony (OD) can promote anxiety-like behaviours. However, the specific molecules involved in the development of anxiety-like behaviours and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS: OD was produced by anterior crossbite of female mice. We measured the anxiety levels of mice in each group and screened the hippocampal mRNA expression profiles of mice in the control group and OD group. The role of target mRNA in OD-induced anxiety-like behaviours was evaluated and we preliminarily explored the possible downstream pathways...

OBJECTIVES: To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample. METHOD: A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two subsamples; one was used to develop the CATS model, the other for testing model invariance. We used structural equation models to assess factorial validity, measurement invariance, and relationships with other variables (e...