Professional development

This review essay examines five Spanish-language books published in Latin America on the emergence of engineering in the region. Focusing on a period from roughly 1850 to 1970, these works share themes of foreigners and foreign education, nation-state construction, and social conceptions of prestige. This research suggests that throughout Latin America foreign educators and models were prominent in early engineering programs and enterprises. However, many historians associate the growth of engineering, especially civil engineering, with increasing state consolidation and economic intervention...

Obesity is a recognized public health epidemic with a prevalence that continues to increase dramatically in nearly all populations, impeding progress in reducing incidence rates of cardiovascular disease. Over the past decade, obesity science has evolved to improve knowledge of its multifactorial causes, identifying important biological causes and sociological determinants of obesity. Treatments for obesity have also continued to develop, with more evidence-based programs for lifestyle modification, new pharmacotherapies, and robust data to support bariatric surgery...

Oncology patients often experience swallowing difficulties, which can compromise adherence to treatment and consequently reduce its effectiveness. Improper handling of these hazardous drugs can lead to the risk of inhalation of particles or other exposures endangering the health of the persons involved such as nurses and pharmacists. The aim of this review is to analyse and update the recommendations for the manipulation of oral antineoplastic drugs in patients with swallowing difficulties. A literature review of articles, websites, guidelines and other documents published up to about the conditions of handling and administration of oral antineoplastic agents in oncology and oncohaematology was carried out...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the research was to explore rural and remote pharmacists' experiences of encountering grey nomads with diabetes. DESIGN: A qualitative Interpretive Description design was used to explore and capture the experiences of rural and remote pharmacists interacting with grey nomads who had diabetes. Data from the interviews were analysed thematically. SETTING: The Pharmacy Guild of Australia was approached and through their membership rural and remote pharmacists were invited to participate in the research...

The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study at RAK College of Dental Sciences, UAE, involved 89 children aged 6-14 years. Erupted teeth in the mouth were included. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis, was conducted using SPSS version 29, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 89 children (41 girls and 48 boys) in the study, 56...

INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds great potential in promoting healing and relieving pain for herpes zoster (HZ) treatments. Evidence showed that both healthcare professionals' (HCPs) belief and knowledge influence their attitudes, which result in their expression and direct behavior. However, little is known in this area regarding TCM treatments for HZ. This study aimed to understand the HCPs' perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and practices toward TCM and its services for HZ...

OBJECTIVES: Sexual harassment (SH) is a prevalent issue in various professional fields worldwide. The current study aims to investigate the incidence of SH targeting psychiatrists in China and explore its impact on quality of life (QOL). METHODS: A consecutive recruitment of 1093 psychiatrists was conducted from 6 hospitals in China. The recorded data included participants' socio-demographic characteristics, experiences of workplace SH within the previous year, and their QOL...

BACKGROUND: Psycho-emotional violence, a type of workplace violence targeting healthcare workers, varies across countries, occasions, and professions in the healthcare sector. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of comprehensive studies focusing on violence against healthcare workers in Ethiopia, which may also encompass psycho-gender-based emotional violence against healthcare workers. Therefore, there is a compelling need for in-depth research to address this gap and develop effective strategies to mitigate psycho-emotional violence in the healthcare sector in Ethiopia, especially in the eastern region...

BACKGROUND: Assessment of awareness levels about any hospital is critical to judge its current standings and plan for future development. Limited literature is available about dental health in Libya. AIM: This study aimed to study the awareness and perception of the various specialty services offered by the Faculty of Dentistry (SDC), Sebha University for their quality and preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a performance monitoring research, and the data was collected by interview using a standardized questionnaire...

Osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have long-term deleterious chronic effects and are among the most prevalent chronic disorders. DM and its associated factors, such as hyperglycemia, have a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of OA, particularly in post-menopausal women. Women who have uncontrolled diabetes (DM) are more prone to develop osteoarthritis (OA), which may be exacerbated by poor glycemic control. Furthermore, this category of female patients with DM has an increased risk of developing fractures, even in those with initially normal bone density scores, further illustrating the correlation between DM and bone health...

INTRODUCTION: Tube thoracostomy (TT) complications are common in respiratory medicine. However, the prevalence of complications and risk factors is unknown, and data on countermeasures are lacking. METHODS: This was a mixed-methods retrospective observational and qualitative study. This retrospective observational study included TT performed on patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine at our University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and August 31, 2022 (n=169)...

The management of choroidal neovascularization (CNVM) in pregnant young females has been a lacuna due to the rarity of the condition as well as the non-availability of comprehensive data to showcase the efficacy of currently available treatment regimes in order to achieve a positive outcome for both the growing fetus as well the patient herself. In a review of available literature, the condition has been treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF), laser photocoagulation, and intravitreal dexamethasone implants (IDI), with varied results ranging from the successful outcome in terms of pregnancy to abortions...

For patients with existing venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), anticoagulation remains the standard of care recommended across multiple professional organizations. However, for patients who developed a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or a pulmonary embolism and cannot tolerate anticoagulation, inferior vena cava (IVC) filters must be considered among other alternative treatments. Although placement of a filter is considered a low-risk intervention, there are important factors and techniques that surgeons and interventionalists should be aware of and prepared to discuss...

INTRODUCTION: School-based sexual health education reduces risky sexual outcomes for in-school adolescents such as unintended premarital pregnancies, unsafe abortions, increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and AIDS, early parenthood, a massive dropout from schools and untimely deaths. Despite the teaching of sexual health education in secondary schools, adolescents in Iringa Region are being exposed to increasing risks of sexual behaviours such as premarital sex, multiple sexual partners, and unprotected sex...

BACKGROUND: Developing theoretical courses for post-graduate medical training that are aligned to current workplace-based learning practices and adaptive to change in the field is challenging, especially in (sub) specialties where time for re-design is limited and needs to be performed while education continues. APPROACH: An instructional design method was applied based on flexible co-design to improve post-graduate theoretical courses in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) in the Netherlands...

BACKGROUND: Accurate and precise diagnosis is central to treating central nervous system (CNS) tumors, yet tissue diagnosis is often a neglected focus in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Since 2016, the WHO classification of CNS tumors has increasingly incorporated molecular biomarkers into the diagnosis of CNS tumors. While this shift to precision diagnostics promises a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and prognostic precision, it has also resulted in increasing divergence in diagnostic and management practices between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs)...

BACKGROUND: Participating members of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Forces on quality of life (QoL) and Patient Oriented Outcomes and Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa initiated data collection in 9 European countries and formed the list of the most relevant topics for acne patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a new acne-specific health-related QoL instrument based on the list of the most relevant topics for acne patients...

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal disorder among children and adolescents, with most cases being diagnosed around puberty. While the majority of people with AIS do not undergo treatment, a small but significant number are treated, depending on the extent of their spinal curvature. Treatment typically involves bracing, which requires substantial adherence, and/or surgery, which is invasive and permanent. Furthermore, decisions about treatment often need to be made at a critical stage of the person's development...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the existing clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements regarding tracheostomy care for non-mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS: A systematic search of databases, and professional organisations was conducted from inception to 19 March 2023. Two appraisers evaluated each guideline using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Text and Opinion Papers...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe a grading system that can be used to evaluate core competency of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) at different levels. BACKGROUND: Evaluate core competence of CNSs at different levels reflects the quality of nursing and the development of the nursing profession. DESIGN: This research employed the Delphi method. METHODS: The STROBE checklist for observational cross-sectional studies was followed to report this research study...