Neonatal

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: In the pediatric setting, the procurement of vascular access can be particularly difficult. Surgical venolysis was the first technique described but, in recent years, the literature has shown that ultrasound-guided implantation has fewer complications. The principal aim of this paper is to state how after a structured training to place ultrasound-guided central lines, venolysis was definitively abandoned in our hospital. We also analyzed the impact of training on the duration of procedures...

BACKGROUND: Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetrical flattened skull deformity whose incidence increased significantly in the last decades. Osteopathic treatment has been suggested to tackle early deformational sequences, in order to ensure the correct development of the child. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of positional cranial deformities in infants. METHODS: Retrospective observational study carried out at the Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine of University of Bari, Italy in collaboration with a specialized pediatric osteopath...

BACKGROUND: To reduce neonatal mortality, it is necessary to identify neonates with fetal malnutrition at birth using the clinical assessment score (CAN score). Furthermore, comprehensive summary data that shows burden of fetal malnutrition in Africa is scarce. As a result, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess fetal malnutrition among newborns in Africa. METHOD: The PRISMA guidelines were used for this study. Articles were obtained from databases and websites...

BACKGROUND: Maternal gestational diabetes (GDM), small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age neonates are associated with increased morbidity in both mother and child. We studied how different levels of first trimester pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (fβ-hCG) were associated with SGA and LGA in GDM pregnancies and controls. METHODS: Altogether 23 482 women with singleton pregnancies participated in first trimester combined screening and delivered between 2014 and 2018 in Northern Finland and were included in this retrospective case-control study...

OBJECTIVES: To analyse deviation of ventilator parameters from their set targets during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with or without volume guarantee (VG) and compare the two modes during emergency neonatal transport. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using the fabian™ HFOi ventilator. RESULTS: Median deviation of mean airway pressure from the set value was <1 cmH2 O. During HFOV the pressure amplitude differed from the set value by <1 cmH2 O...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 5 years of age of European children born very preterm across multi-dimensional outcomes by presence and severity of congenital anomalies. METHODS: The study used data from a European cohort of children born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) and followed up to 5 years of age (N = 3493). Multilevel Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression were used to explore the associations between the presence and severity of congenital anomalies...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Human microbiota assembly commences at birth, seeded by both maternal and environmental microorganisms. Ecological theory postulates that primary colonizers dictate microbial community assembly outcomes, yet such microbial priority effects in the human gut remain underexplored. Here using longitudinal faecal metagenomics, we characterized neonatal microbiota assembly for a cohort of 1,288 neonates from the UK. We show that the pioneering neonatal gut microbiota can be stratified into one of three distinct community states, each dominated by a single microbial species and influenced by clinical and host factors, such as maternal age, ethnicity and parity...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with substantial morbidity among infants. This study modelled the potential public health and economic impact of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, as an immunoprophylactic strategy for all infants in Spain in their first RSV season. METHODS: A static decision-analytic model of the Spanish birth cohort during its first RSV season was developed to estimate the impact of nirsevimab on RSV-related health events and costs versus the standard of practice (SoP)...

INTRODUCTION: Zinner Syndrome (ZS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by seminal vesicle cysts (SVC) and ipsilateral upper urinary tract abnormalities, mainly due to developmental anomalies of the mesonephric duct. This series highlights our institutional experience with pediatric ZS, with a review of the current literature offering insights into its etiopathogenesis in early childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective case review of pediatric ZS diagnosed at our institution from 2019 to 2023, alongside a comprehensive literature review...

Recent decades have seen a notable increase in cesarean section rates. Although lifesaving, cesarean delivery is associated with an elevated risk of adverse health outcomes in newborns, including respiratory diseases, atopic disorders, obesity, diabetes, and severe autoimmune conditions. The exact mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive; however, epigenetic modifications have emerged as a plausible molecular basis linking perinatal factors with future disease susceptibility. This review summarizes current literature, revealing that the delivery method may influence epigenetic markers in neonates, primarily through alterations in global DNA methylation and gene-specific methylation patterns...

BACKGROUND: T-piece is recommended for respiratory support during neonatal stabilisation. Bench studies have shown a delay >30 s in achieving changes in fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) at the airway when using the T-piece. Using a face mask adds dead space (DS) to the patient airway. We hypothesised that adding face mask to T-piece systems adversely affects the time required for a change in FiO2 to reach the patient. METHODS: Neopuff (Fisher and Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand) and rPAP (Inspiration Healthcare, Croydon, UK) were used to ventilate a test lung...

Urine serotonin (5-HT)/creatinine was lower at day of life 3 in newborns with pulmonary hypertension compared with controls, while the percent change in the 5-HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/creatinine increased. We speculate that the changes in 5-HT and 5-HIAA reflect enhanced pulmonary 5-HT uptake and/or metabolism.

Leadless pacemakers have demonstrated potential as a transvenous pacing option in Adult Congenital Heart Disease patients. Aveir™ single-chamber (VR) leadless pacemakers have demonstrated safety in patients without congenital heart disease in a dual chamber approach. We present a case of dual-chamber pacing using the Aveir dual-chamber (DR) leadless pacemaker in a patient with repaired dextro-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect (VSD) surgical closure. A 26-year-old male patient with a history of transposition of the great arteries status post arterial switch and VSD repair neonatally had complicated second degree atrioventricular block and sinus node dysfunction necessitating pacemaker placement...

The United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNIGME) estimates that every year 2.5 million neonates die in their first month of life, accounting for nearly one-half of deaths in children under 5 years of age. Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality. The worldwide burden of bacterial sepsis is expected to increase in the next decades due to the lack of effective molecular therapies to replace the administration of antibiotics whose efficacy is compromised by the emergence of resistant strains...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Type 1 jejunoileal atresia with multiple webs is a rare congenital condition that poses significant surgical challenges in neonates. Understanding the unique presentation and management strategies in such cases is crucial for improving patient outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases involving full-term neonates presenting with severe abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. Radiologic studies confirmed intestinal obstruction due to multiple jejunoileal webs...

BACKGROUND: Nirsevimab is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody (mAb) licensed for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract disease in neonates, infants and medically vulnerable children. We characterized RSV isolates recovered from participants enrolled in MEDLEY: a randomized, palivizumab-controlled phase 2/3 trial of nirsevimab in infants born preterm and/or with congenital heart disease or chronic lung disease of prematurity. METHODS: Participants were assessed in two RSV seasons (Season 1 and 2)...