empty follicle syndrom

In this review the advantages of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger are discussed beyond those immediately associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) prevention. The GnRHa trigger concept has sparked the development of novel protocols, enriching the assisted reproductive technology (ART) armamentarium for the benefit of present and future patients. Thus, GnRHa trigger already has a pivotal role, not only for the standard in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patient, but also for patient groups like oocyte donors, cancer patients, patients with poor ovarian reserve, and patients with immature oocyte syndrome and empty follicle syndrome...

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is the complete failure to retrieve oocytes after ovarian stimulation. Although LHCGR and ZP3 were identified as causative genes, it is still unclear what happens to these patients' oocytes, and the pathogenesis of EFS remains obscure. Here, we identified six novel ZP1 mutations associated with EFS and female infertility that was inherited recessively in five unrelated families. Studies in CHO-K1 cells showed that these mutations resulted in either degradation or truncation of ZP1 protein...

STUDY QUESTION: Are the LH levels at the start of ovarian stimulation predictive of suboptimal oocyte yield from GnRH agonist triggering in GnRH antagonist down-regulated cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER: LH levels at the start of ovarian stimulation are an independent predictor of suboptimal oocyte yield following a GnRH agonist trigger. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: A GnRH agonist ovulation trigger may result in an inadequate oocyte yield in a small subset of patients...

We report a case of recurrent empty follicle syndrome (EFS) where no oocytes were aspirated in two separate IVF cycles using two different protocols. In the second cycle, oocyte aspiration in one ovary was delayed for 24 hours after administering a second dose of human chorionic gonadotropin injection (hCG) and still no oocytes were recovered. In view of the presence of severe male factor infertility and failure to retrieve oocytes in 2 stimulated cycles, the couple was offered donor embryo transfer which resulted in a singleton pregnancy...

Background: The failure to retrieve oocytes from mature ovarian follicles is referred to as empty follicle syndrome. There is no exact explanation to this problem and it cannot be predicted using ultrasound or serum hormonal levels. The underlying mechanism of Empty follicle syndrome remains obscure. Objective: In this study, the authors have investigated the relationship between the Beta-Human chorionic gonadotropin ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> </mml:math> HCG) levels in the follicular fluid with or without the oocyte in the follicles of patients undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection...

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a condition in which no oocyte is retrieved from mature follicles after proper ovarian stimulation in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure. Genetic evidence accumulates for the etiology of recurrent EFS without pharmacological or iatrogenic problems. In this work, we present two infertile sisters in a family with EFS after three cycles of standard ovarian stimulation with hCG and/or GnRHa therapy. Via whole-exome sequencing and cosegregation test, we identified compound heterozygous mutations in the gene of ZP1 in both of the infertile sisters...

RATIONALE: The borderline form of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a phenomenon where only a few mature or immature oocytes are retrieved despite adequate response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). It is a rare phenomenon with an unclear underlying mechanism, and there is currently no effective treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient received 3 assisted reproductive technology cycles, and although her follicular development and estrogen levels were normal during COH, the outcome with respect to the oocytes obtained was unsatisfactory...

The human zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular glycoprotein matrix composed of ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4 surrounding the oocyte, and it plays an important role in sperm-egg interactions during fertilization. Structural and functional changes in the ZP can influence the process of fertilization and lead to female infertility. Previous studies have identified mutations in ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3 that lead to female infertility caused by oocyte degeneration, empty follicle syndrome, or in vitro fertilization failure...

PURPOSE: Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a complex reproductive disorder characterized by the repeated failure to aspirate oocytes from mature ovarian follicles during in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition to some cases caused by iatrogenic problems and known genetic factors, there are still many unexplained aspects of EFS. Here, we aimed to assess the clinical and genetic characteristics of two EFS patients. METHODS: We have characterized two primary infertility patients with EFS in a nonconsanguineous family from China...

Accumulating evidence showed that the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is an essential regulator of sexual development and reproduction from zebrafish to human. Activating and inactivating mutations of LHCGR gene have been identified from patients of different phenotypes. Familial male-limited precocious puberty, Leydig cell hypoplasia, and empty follicle syndrome are caused by LHCGR mutations. More than 50 mutations have been reported from subjects of different ethnic backgrounds...

Background: Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a condition in which no oocytes are retrieved from normally growing ovarian follicles after ovarian stimulation. It is a rare and frustrating condition of obscure etiology. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of EFS and study factors related to it. Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: This study was conducted in hospital-based research center...

The empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is defined as a failure to aspirate any oocyte (s) from the follicles after ovarian hyperstimulation in preparation for IVF/ICSI. It is a frustrating and vague syndrome; and a controversial one concerning its existence, causes and possible treatment. Recurrent EFS or the recovery of immature oocytes thereafter is a more challenging problem. Delayed injection after leaving the immature oocytes for in vitro -maturation (IVM) has been suggested to be a possible option if immature oocytes are retrieved...

The pathophysiology of the genuine empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is still debated. Ovarian aging has been contested as a cause of this condition. Our aim was to investigate the occurrence of the genuine EFS in cases of a low number of mature follicles in a prospective manner. Ninety-five infertile women were recruited and evaluated following conventional controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with ≤ six follicles of ≥14 mm diameter on the day of hCG administration. Enrolled women were 37.5 ± 5...

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of reproduction age and a major cause of anovulatory infertility. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development and durability of this disorder. ANGPTL2 is known as an inflammatory mediator derived from adipose tissue that links obesity to systemic insulin resistance, and obestatin has been identified as a hormone associated with insulin resistance that suppresses food reabsorption, inhibits gastric emptying and decreases weight gain...

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a disorder associated with female infertility and presents as a complete failure to retrieve oocytes during ART cycles despite normal follicle development and careful aspiration. To date, only two EFS cases have been reported with homozygous missense mutations in the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene, and both cases showed normal estradiol (E2) production during ovulation induction. The molecular genetic mechanisms of EFS remain unknown. Herein, we report two novel homozygous inactivating LHCGR mutations, c...

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and the underlying mechanisms of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) occurring in gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) triggered in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles with GnRH antagonist protocol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of Indian origin. The study also intended to evaluate the cycle outcome following a rescue trigger. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of data was extracted from the hospital database of 271 PCOS patients who underwent IVF in antagonist protocol triggered with GnRHa from August 2014 to December 2016...

Infertility occurs in up to 54% of men with bilateral undescended testes. Orchiectomy is considered the best therapeutic approach, especially when cryptorchidism is diagnosed in adulthood, due to a high risk of malignancy. A 33-year-old man was referred with a clinical presentation of empty scrotum and an ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intra-abdominal bilateral cryptorchidism. Follicle-stimulating hormone was 23.20 IU/L, luteinising hormone was 14.10 IU/L, total testosterone was 12...

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is defined as the failure to aspirate oocytes from mature ovarian follicles during in vitro fertilization. Except for some cases caused by pharmacological or iatrogenic problems, the etiology of EFS remains enigmatic. In the present study, we describe a large family with a dominant inheritance pattern of female infertility characterized by recurrent EFS. Genome-wide linkage analyses and whole-exome sequencing revealed a paternally transmitted heterozygous missense mutation of c...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results obtained with two different GnRH agonist dosages: 0.3mg versus 0.4mg to trigger ovulation in oocyte donor cycles. METHODS: Experimental controlled randomized trial including 40 patients from a private practice center. The patients were randomized into two groups. Group A received a single dose of Triptorelin 0.3mg (Decapeptyl®) 36hours before pick-up. Group B patients received Triptorelin 0.4mg (Decapeptyl®) before pick-up to final oocyte maturation...

In this review, the definition, incidence and possible causes of empty follicle syndrome (EFS), including molecular mechanisms that may underlie the syndrome, are discussed, along with prevention and treatment options. EFS is the complete failure to retrieve oocytes after ovarian stimulation, despite apparently normal follicle development and adequate follicular steroidogenesis. Two variants of EFS have been described: the 'genuine' form (gEFS), which occurs in the presence of adequate circulating HCG levels at the time of oocyte aspiration, and the 'false' form (f-EFS), which is associated with circulating HCG below a critical threshold...