type 2 respiratory failure

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first-line antituberculosis drugs namely, rifampicin and isoniazid. However, most of these studies were limited only to a single hospital. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from 1 April 2019 to 30 June 2019...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: The diagnostic criteria for Quintero staging in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) are not applicable in all cases of TTTS, such as those in which the symptoms overlap with other monochorionic twin complications such as selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR). CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old woman, G1P0A0, at 22-24 weeks' gestational age was diagnosed with TTTS, with no outstanding history of medication use during pregnancy, and no family history of genetic disorder or twin pregnancy...

BACKGROUND: A protocolized extubation readiness test (ERT), including a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), is recommended for patients who are intubated. This quality-improvement project aimed to improve peri-extubation outcomes by using a high-risk ERT protocol in intubated cardiac patients in addition to a standard-risk protocol. METHODS: After baseline data collection, we implemented a standard-risk ERT protocol (pressure support plus PEEP), followed by a high-risk ERT protocol (PEEP alone) in cardiac subjects who were intubated...

Rheumatic diseases are a group of conditions including arthritis and various other conditions that can lead to chronic inflammation within the musculoskeletal system, which can have negative effects on soft tissues, bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissue. One form of arthritis is gout, which is an inflammatory condition in which urate acid crystals build up in joints. Gout is associated with joint swelling, pain, redness, and joint mobility issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent joint degradation and other adverse complications...

The co-occurrence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is rare; only one case has been published so far. We report a 63-year-old Caucasian female patient who was diagnosed with MG at the age of 43. Thymoma was also detected, and so it was surgically resected, which resulted in reasonable disease control for nearly 20 years. Slight hemolysis began to emerge, and then myasthenia symptoms progressed, so immunosuppressive therapy was started. Due to progressive disease and respiratory failure, the patient underwent plasmapheresis, and ventilatory support was stopped...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed significant challenges to global health. While much attention has been directed towards understanding the primary mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence suggests co-infections or superinfections with other viruses may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in severe cases of COVID-19. Among viruses that have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2, seropositivity for Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with increased COVID-19 risk and hospitalization...

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of viral agents causing reproductive failure in pigs in Korea. In addition, two types of multiplex real-time PCR (mqPCR) were developed for the simultaneous detection of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in mqPCR and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in reverse transcription mqPCR (mRT-qPCR). A total of 150 aborted fetus samples collected from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was the most prevalent (49/150 32...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is regarded as a type of respiratory failure. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the significant roles of microRNAs in various disorders. Nevertheless, the role of miR-202-3p in ARDS is unclear. Forty male C57BL/6 mice treated with phosphate buffer saline/lipopolysaccharide (PBS/LPS) and administrated with NC/miR-202-3p agomir were divided into four groups. A reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the level of miR-202-3p, its target genes, and proinflammatory factors...

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of 130 children with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in Yunnan province after the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, and analyze the risk factors for mortality. Methods: This study is a retrospective case summary that analyzed the demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical diagnoses, disease outcomes, and laboratory results of 130 children with severe COVID-19 infections admitted to nine top-tier hospitals in Yunnan Province from December 2022 to March 2023...

Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 rarely progress to respiratory failure. However, the risk of mortality in infected people over 85 years of age remains high. Here we investigate differences in the cellular landscape and function of paediatric (<12 years), adult (30-50 years) and older adult (>70 years) ex vivo cultured nasal epithelial cells in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2. We show that cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in nasal epithelial cell subtypes, differ between age groups...

BACKGROUND: Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare, progressive, potentially fatal lysosomal storage disease that exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. There is a need to expand the knowledge of disease mortality and morbidity in Germany because of limited information on survival analysis in patients with chronic ASMD (type B or type A/B). METHODS: This observational, multicentre, retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of patients with the first symptom onset/diagnosis of ASMD type B or type A/B between 1st January 1990 and 31st July 2021 from four German medical centres...

In addition to the respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, the disease has consistently been linked to many autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS in particular was of paramount significance due to its devastating clinical sequela. In fact, the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with acute COVID-19 and the critical role of anticoagulant treatment in affected individuals shed light on the possible relatedness between APS and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of autoimmunity in the assumed association is not less important especially with the accumulated data available regarding the autoimmunity-triggering effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection...

BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening situation in cancer patients. In this situation, anticoagulant therapy is complex to administer due to the risk of bleeding. Only few studies have been conducted when these patients are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to assess the association between anticoagulation strategies as well as other factors with 90-day mortality in patients with cancer and PE admitted to ICU. Major bleeding was also evaluated according to the type of anticoagulation...

Vertebrobasilar artery dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs) are the most surgically challenging type of aneurysm. Cerebral revascularization is the ultimate treatment for complex VBDAs. We retrospectively analysed the characteristics, surgical outcomes and follow-up data of 21 patients who underwent cerebral revascularization to treat complex VBDAs from 2015 to 2022. According to the location of the aneurysm and the anatomic relationship between the VBDA and the PICA, VBDA patients were classified into four groups: aneurysms located at the VA with PICA involvement (10 patients), aneurysms located at the VA without PICA involvement (1 patient), aneurysms located at the basilar apex segment (1 patient) and aneurysms located at the basilar trunk segment (9 patients)...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Infections of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are rare. The authors present a case of IVC filter infection following concurrent emphysematous urinary tract infections that was finally treated with prolonged suppressive antibiotic therapy (PSAT). CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old man with pemphigoid and type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had undergone IVC filter placement, was transferred with decreased consciousness, respiratory failure, and hypotension...

BACKGROUND: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to the complexity and diversity of stage III disease, the inclusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in neoadjuvant treatment regimens is also required. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) limit the application of ICIs to a certain extent. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a serious and fatal complication after pneumonectomy that is rarely reported, especially in patients who accept neoadjuvant immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy...

A 79-year-old man was admitted for 2 weeks of dizziness, followed by diplopia, involuntary movement and progressive gait disturbances. Neurologic examination revealed horizontal and vertical gaze paresis, bilateral choreiform movement with orofacial dyskinesia, and limb/truncal ataxia. MRI revealed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image-hyperintense signal abnormalities in the dorsal midbrain, pontine and medulla. Within another few days, the patient developed type II acute respiratory failure requiring artificial invasive ventilation...

BACKGROUND: A few patients with inflammatory myopathy showed anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity. This study aimed to report the clinical and pathological findings with vacuoles in 3 cases of such patients. METHODS: Three cases with myositis from the Myositis Clinical Database of Peking University First Hospital were identified with AMA positivity. Their clinical records were retrospectively reviewed and the data was extracted. All the 3 cases underwent muscle biopsy...

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is a rare hereditary disease due to a mutation of the complex guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide. This condition is commonly associated with type 1A and 1C pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism due to resistance of parathyroid hormone. Patients present with specific characteristics such as brachydactyly, short stature, round facies, subcutaneous ossifications, developmental delay, and obesity, associated with hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia...

OBJECTIVE: To present a single-center prospective study of 126 consecutively treated patients who underwent endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) with the physician-modified, non-anatomically based Unitary Manifold (UM) device. METHODS: Data was collected from 126 consecutive all-comer patients treated with the physician-modified, non-anatomically based UM from 2015 to 2023. Treatment was performed at a single center by a single physician under a Physician Sponsored Investigation Exemption (PSIDE) G140207...