reciproc

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by deficits in social connectedness, which is a multifaceted construct with structural (i.e., the number, diversity, or frequency of social relationships), functional (i.e., the actual or perceived resources relationships provide), and quality (i.e., the positive and negative aspects of social relationships) elements (Holt-Lunstad, 2018). However, the literature is sparse and lacks integration regarding which specific elements of social connectedness are deficient in BPD and why...

BACKGROUND: Cell aging is associated with changes in telomeres due to DNA damage arising from chronic inflammation in obese patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the relationship between obesity and aging or senescence. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted through PRISMA guideline, beginning with literature search within 2012-2022 in several databases (PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane) followed by screening process using predetermined PICO criteria...

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation of the common fibular nerve on the modification of neural circuit function as measured through the soleus muscle Hoffmann reflex. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-four healthy adult males were randomly and equally divided into the magnetic stimulation (experimental) and control groups. The Hoffmann reflex of the soleus muscle was analyzed before and after 10 min of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for the experimental group and before and after 10 min of rest for the control group...

BACKGROUND: This study takes on the challenge of quantifying a complex causal loop diagram describing how poverty and health affect each other, and does so using longitudinal data from The Netherlands. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on its methodological approach in order to facilitate replication and methodological advancement. METHODS: After adapting a causal loop diagram that was built by stakeholders, a longitudinal structural equation modelling approach was used...

Sleep, locomotor and social activities are essential animal behaviors, but their reciprocal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we elicit information from a cutting-edge large-language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, which interprets 10.2-13.8% of Drosophila genes known to regulate the 3 behaviors. We develop an instrument for simultaneous video tracking of multiple moving objects, and conduct a genome-wide screen. We have identified 758 fly genes that regulate sleep and activities, including mre11 which regulates sleep only in the presence of conspecifics, and NELF-B which regulates sleep regardless of whether conspecifics are present...

Tuber magnatum is the most expensive truffle, but its large-scale cultivation is still a challenge compared to other valuable Tuber species. T. magnatum mycelium has never been grown profitably until now, which has led to difficulties to studying it in vitro. This study describes beneficial interactions between T. magnatum mycelium and never before described bradyrhizobia, which allows the in vitro growth of T. magnatum mycelium. Three T. magnatum strains were co-isolated on modified Woody Plant Medium (mWPM) with aerobic bacteria and characterised through microscopic observations...

Although aggression is associated with several psychiatric disorders, there is no effective treatment nor a rigorous definition for "pathological aggression". Mice make a valuable model for studying aggression. They have a dynamic social structure that depends on the habitat and includes reciprocal interactions between the mice's aggression levels, social dominance hierarchy (SDH), and resource allocation. Nevertheless, the classical behavioral tests for territorial aggression and SDH in mice are reductive and have limited ethological and translational relevance...

Temporal modulations provide a new approach for realizing metamaterials. In this study, through the imposition of uniform temporal modulations, we achieve two types of reciprocal bi-anisotropic metamaterials. Notably, these achievements do not rely on any spatial modulation, preserving inversion symmetry at any instantaneous time. This stands in sharp contrast to the scenario of traditional bi-anisotropic metamaterials, where the disruption of inversion symmetry by spatial arrangements is necessary. Conditions for realizing nonzero bi-anisotropic coupling are discussed and verified through full-wave simulations...

We present reciprocal polarization imaging for the optical activity of chiral media in reflection geometry. The method is based on the reciprocal polar decomposition of backscattering Mueller matrices accounting for the reciprocity of light waves in forward and backward scattering paths. Anisotropic depolarization is introduced to gain sensitivity to optical activity in backscattering. Experiments with glucose solutions show that while the Lu-Chipman decomposition of the backscattering Mueller matrices produces erroneous results, reciprocal polarization imaging correctly retrieves the optical activity of chiral media...

STUDY QUESTION: Does medically assisted reproduction (MAR) use among cisgender women differ among those with same-sex partners or lesbian/bisexual identities compared to peers with different-sex partners or heterosexual identities? SUMMARY ANSWER: Women with same-sex partners or lesbian/bisexual identities are more likely to utilize any MAR but are no more likely to use ART (i.e. IVF, reciprocal IVF, embryo transfer, unspecified ART, ICSI, and gamete or zygote intrafallopian transfer) compared to non-ART MAR (i...

We investigated three-dimensional (3D) eyeball protrusion and its association with the offset between the lamina cribrosa (LC) and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO). 3D-MRI scans were taken from 93 subjects (186 eyes). An ellipsoid was fitted along the posterior 2/3 contour of each eyeball. Eyeball asymmetry with focal bulging was determined by the existence of an adjacent outward protrusion/reciprocal inward depression pair, and the angular deviation of the outermost protruded point (OPP) was measured from the nasal side of the fovea-BMO axis...

Noise from firearms is well known to be harmful to human hearing. This problem has been addressed by various military units through the use of muzzle suppressors. However, as suppressor technology has advanced, shooters report hearing the mechanical action of gas-operated semi-automatic rifles (ArmaLite Rifle Model 15 style aka AR-15) as being louder than the suppressed muzzle noise. This study aims to evaluate if harmful noise is present in the shooter's ear, even when impulse noise emanating from the muzzle is suppressed...

Application of the reciprocity principle to evaluate the acoustic radiation from arbitrary multilayered fluid and solid materials is described. To include the effect of shear motion in surrounding media, including viscosity in a fluid, equations for the acoustic radiation from such materials under point force excitation are developed in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients for longitudinal and shear waves. Calculations for forcing on either side of the layered material and in arbitrary directions, and for any asymmetric layer arrangements, are conducted...

The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in cloudy catshark were cloned, and recombinant FSHR and LHR were expressed for characterization. Ventral lobe extract (VLE) from the pituitary contains homologous FSH and LH, and it stimulated the cAMP signaling of FSHR and LHR dose-dependently. Two transcript variants of LHR (LHR-L with exon 10 and LHR-S without) were identified, and LHR-S was the dominant form with higher basal cAMP activity without VLE stimulation. Among various developmental stages of follicles, FSHR expression was mainly associated with the pre-vitellogenic and early white follicles...

Humans need social closeness to prosper. There is evidence that empathy can induce social closeness. However, it remains unclear how empathy-related social closeness is formed and how stable it is as time passes. We applied an acquisition-extinction paradigm combined with computational modelling and fMRI, to investigate the formation and stability of empathy-related social closeness. Female participants observed painful stimulation of another person with high probability (acquisition) and low probability (extinction), and rated their closeness to that person...

Previous models suggest that indirect reciprocity (reputation) can stabilize large-scale human cooperation [K. Panchanathan, R. Boyd, Nature 432 , 499-502 (2004)]. The logic behind these models and experiments [J. Gross et al. , Sci. Adv. 9 , eadd8289 (2023) and O. P. Hauser, A. Hendriks, D. G. Rand, M. A. Nowak, Sci. Rep. 6 , 36079 (2016)] is that a strategy in which individuals conditionally aid others based on their reputation for engaging in costly cooperative behavior serves as a punishment that incentivizes large-scale cooperation without the second-order free-rider problem...

According to biobehavioral synchronicity model, empathy-a fundamental requirement for reciprocal and prosocial behavior-is at the core of rebound from stress, an essential feature of resilience. However, there are also reports on antagonistic traits-characterized by empathic deficit-bolstering immunity to stress. In the literature there is also inconclusive evidence regarding gender-related differences in resilience. In separate female and male subsamples we analyzed the network constellation entailing resilience (assessed as rebound from stress), empathic (cognitive empathy, affective resonance, and affective dissonance) and antagonistic personality traits (Machiavellianism, grandiose- and vulnerable narcissism)...

The overall availability of user-friendly software tools tailored to the analysis of DNA barcodes is limited. Several obvious functions such as detecting and visualizing the DNA barcode gap, the calculation of matrices of pairwise distances at the level of species, or the filtering and decontaminating of sets of sequences based on comparisons with reference databases can typically be carried out only by complex procedures that involve various programs and/or a substantial manual work of formatting. The iTaxoTools project aims at contributing user-friendly software solutions to improve the speed and quality of the workflow of alpha-taxonomy...

AIM: To understand clinicians' motivations to engage in mentoring to support newly graduated nurses and midwives working in hospital settings. BACKGROUND: Nursing and midwifery literature has established the benefits of mentoring and challenges that affect the effectiveness of formal mentoring programmes. No studies have explored hospital nurses' and midwives' motivations to mentor in the absence of the obligatory status and associated rewards of institutionalised mentoring...

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced QT prolongation (diLQT) is a feared side effect that could expose susceptible individuals to fatal arrhythmias. The occurrence of diLQT is primarily attributed to unintended drug interactions with cardiac ion channels, notably the hERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) channels that generate the delayed-rectifier potassium current (IKr ) and thereby regulate the late repolarization phase. There is an important interindividual susceptibility to develop diLQT, which is of unknown origin but can be reproduced in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs)...