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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengyi Tang, Mingxin Xu, Jian Wang, Ye Liu, Kun Liang, Yinuo Jin, Wenzhe Duan, Shengkai Xia, Guohui Li, Huiying Chu, Wenwen Liu, Qi Wang
Patients who have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are more prone to brain metastasis (BM) and poor prognosis. Previous studies showed that the tumor microenvironment of BM in these patients is immunosuppressed, as indicated by reduced T-cell abundance and activity, although the mechanism of this immunosuppression requires further study. This study shows that reactive astrocytes play a critical role in promoting the immune escape of BM from EGFR-mutated NSCLC by increasing the apoptosis of CD8+ T lymphocytes...
May 2, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
#2
REVIEW
Joan S Baizer
Autism (or autism spectrum disorder) was initially defined as a psychiatric disorder, with the likely cause maternal behavior (the very destructive "refrigerator mother" theory). It took several decades for research into brain mechanisms to become established. Both neuropathological and imaging studies found differences in the cerebellum in autism spectrum disorder, the most widely documented being a decreased density of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. The popular interpretation of these results is that cerebellar neuropathology is a critical cause of autism spectrum disorder...
May 2, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin Z Wang, Alexander P Landry, David R Raleigh, Felix Sahm, Kyle M Walsh, Roland Goldbrunner, Leeor S Yefet, Jörg C Tonn, Chloe Gui, Quinn T Ostrom, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Arie Perry, Yosef Ellenbogen, C Oliver Hanemann, Gerhard Jungwirth, Michael D Jenkinson, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Tiit I Mathiesen, Michael W McDermott, Marcos Tatagiba, Christian la Fougère, Sybren L N Maas, Norbert Galldiks, Nathalie L Albert, Priscilla K Brastianos, Felix Ehret, Giuseppe Minniti, Katrin Lamszus, Franz L Ricklefs, Jens Schittenhelm, Katharine J Drummond, Ian F Dunn, Omar N Pathmanaban, Aaron Cohen-Gadol, Erik P Sulman, Emeline Tabouret, Emelie Le Rhun, Christian Mawrin, Jennifer Moliterno, Michael Weller, Wenya Linda Bi, Andrew Gao, Stephen Yip, Maximilian Niyazi, Kenneth Aldape, Patrick Y Wen, Susan Short, Matthias Preusser, Farshad Nassiri, Gelareh Zadeh
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults and are increasing in incidence due to the aging population and the rising availability of neuroimaging. While most exhibit non-malignant behaviour, a subset of meningiomas are biologically aggressive and lead to significant neurological morbidity and mortality. In recent years, meaningful advances in our understanding of the biology of these tumors have led to the incorporation of molecular biomarkers into their grading and prognostication...
May 2, 2024: Neuro-oncology
#4
Hiromasa Kurosaki, Keita Okazaki, Mihiro Takemori, Etsuko Tate, Tatsuya Nakamura
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has predominantly been performed for brain tumors or head and neck cancers. Although BNCT is known to be applicable to breast cancer, it has only been performed in a few cases involving thoracic region irradiation with reactor-based BNCT systems. Thus, there are very few reports on the effects of BNCT on the thoracic region and no reports of BNCT for breast cancer with accelerator-based BNCT systems. This paper introduces the world's first clinical study employing an accelerator-based BNCT system targeting recurrent breast cancer after radiation therapy...
April 2024: Curēus
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Konstantinos Vazaios, Εftychia Stavrakaki, Lisette B Vogelezang, Jie Ju, Piotr Waranecki, Dennis S Metselaar, Michaël H Meel, Vera Kemp, Bernadette G van den Hoogen, Rob C Hoeben, E Antonio Chiocca, William F Goins, Andrew Stubbs, Yunlei Li, Marta M Alonso, Friso G Calkoen, Esther Hulleman, Jasper van der Lugt, Martine L M Lamfers
Despite decades of research, the prognosis of high-grade pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) remains dismal; however, recent cases of favorable clinical responses were documented in clinical trials using oncolytic viruses (OVs). In the current study, we employed four different species of OVs: adenovirus Delta24-RGD, herpes simplex virus rQNestin34.5v1, reovirus R124, and the non-virulent Newcastle disease virus rNDV-F0-GFP against three entities of PBTs (high-grade gliomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, and ependymomas) to determine their in vitro efficacy...
June 20, 2024: Mol Ther Oncol
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Misael Vargas-López, Carlos A Quiroz-Vicente, Nury Pérez-Hernández, Fernando Gómez-Chávez, Angel E Bañuelos-Hernández, Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández
Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant bone tumor arising from cartilage-producing cells. The conventional subtype of CS typically develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, creating an environment deficient in oxygen and nutrients, necessitating metabolic adaptation to ensure proliferation under stress conditions. Although ketone bodies (KBs) are oxidized by extrahepatic tissue cells such as the heart and brain, specific cancer cells, including CS cells, can undergo ketolysis. In this study, we found that KBs catabolism is activated in CS cells under nutrition-deprivation conditions...
May 15, 2024: Heliyon
#7
REVIEW
Alberto Morello, Andrea Bianconi, Francesca Rizzo, Jacopo Bellomo, Anna Cristina Meyer, Diego Garbossa, Luca Regli, Fabio Cofano
Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment option in neurosurgery for intracranial tumors, including recurrent gliomas. The technique employs the thermal ablation of target tissue to achieve tumor control with real-time monitoring of the extent by magnetic resonance thermometry, allowing targeted thermal injury to the lesion. Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy has gained interest as a treatment option for recurrent gliomas due to its minimally invasive nature, shorter recovery times, ability to be used even in patients with numerous comorbidities, and potential to provide local tumor control...
2024: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
#8
REVIEW
Amreen Batool, Yung-Cheol Byun
Brain tumor segmentation and classification play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of brain tumors. Accurate and efficient methods for identifying tumor regions and classifying different tumor types are essential for guiding medical interventions. This study comprehensively reviews brain tumor segmentation and classification techniques, exploring various approaches based on image processing, machine learning, and deep learning. Furthermore, our study aims to review existing methodologies, discuss their advantages and limitations, and highlight recent advancements in this field...
April 16, 2024: Computers in Biology and Medicine
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abidin Emre Kılıç, Ezel Yaltırık Bilgin, Özkan Ünal
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological findings of metastatic tumors and primary brain tumors affecting the fornix. Methods Between January 2015 and March 2023, we retrospectively evaluated 1087 patients of both sexes who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a preliminary diagnosis of intracranial malignancy in the radiology department of our hospital. Two radiologists with six and 10 years of experience in MRI examination assessed the relationship between primary and metastatic tumors and the fornix...
April 2024: Curēus
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keiko Inakami, Noriko Fujita, Chikage Iguchi, Yukie Enomoto, Junya Minohata, Atsushi Sata, Yoshimasa Miyagawa, Tetsu Yanagisawa, Tomokazu Saitoh, Takashi Nomura, Yuka Sawai, Keiko Takahara, Tsutomu Kasugai, Eiichi Shiba
BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab (PEM), an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), is often used for triple-negative breast cancer, but can also be used to treat solid tumors that exhibit high microsatellite instability (MSI-High). However, patients with breast cancer rarely have MSI-High, the use of PEM in such cases in clinical practice is uncertain due to lack of sufficient supporting data. Here, we report the case of a premenopausal woman in who received PEM for MSI-High luminal-type breast cancer...
May 1, 2024: Journal of Medical Case Reports
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anh Duy Do, Kuo-Sheng Wu, Shing-Shung Chu, Le Hien Giang, Yu-Ling Lin, Che-Chang Chang, Tai-Tong Wong, Chia-Ling Hsieh, Shian-Ying Sung
BACKGROUND: Medulloblastomas (MBs) are one of the most common malignant brain tumor types in children. MB prognosis, despite improvement in recent years, still depends on clinical and biological risk factors. Metastasis is the leading cause of MB-related deaths, which highlights an unmet need for risk stratification and targeted therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Among the four molecular subgroups, sonic-hedgehog (SHH)-MB harbors clinical and genetic heterogeneity with a subset of high-risk cases...
April 30, 2024: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research: CR
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A M J Zubair Rahman, Muskan Gupta, S Aarathi, T R Mahesh, V Vinoth Kumar, S Yogesh Kumaran, Suresh Guluwadi
Brain tumors pose a significant medical challenge necessitating precise detection and diagnosis, especially in Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Current methodologies reliant on traditional image processing and conventional machine learning encounter hurdles in accurately discerning tumor regions within intricate MRI scans, often susceptible to noise and varying image quality. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various aspects of healthcare, providing innovative solutions for diagnostics and treatment strategies...
April 30, 2024: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaili Zheng, Guangxing Wang, Kangwei Zhou, Xiaofei Wen, Yuying Zhou, Shuting Ling, Qiong Yang, Huiling Wu, Jiwei Xing, Lisong Lin, Qingliang Zhao
BACKGROUND/AIM: Probing brain tumor microvasculature holds significant importance in both basic cancer research and medical practice for tracking tumor development and assessing treatment outcomes. However, few imaging methods commonly used in clinics can noninvasively monitor the brain microvascular network at high precision and without exogenous contrast agents in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of microvasculature during brain tumor development in an orthotopic glioma mouse model...
2024: In Vivo
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Motokazu Sato, Qinghong Han, Kohei Mizuta, Ryosuke Mori, Byung Mo Kang, Sei Morinaga, Noritoshi Kobayashi, Yasushi Ichikawa, Atsushi Nakajima, Robert M Hoffman
BACKGROUND/AIM: Gliomas are the most common and recalcitrant malignant primary brain tumors. All cancer types are addicted to methionine, which is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer known as the Hoffman effect. Particularly glioma cells exhibit methionine addiction. Because of methionine addiction, [11 C]-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) is widely used for glioma imaging in clinical practice, which can monitor the extent of methionine addiction. Methionine restriction including recombinant methioninase (rMETase) and a low-methionine diet, has shown high efficacy in preclinical models of gliomas, especially in combination with chemotherapy...
2024: In Vivo
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinmiao Long, Zuping Zhang, Yuzhe Li, Kun Deng, Wei Gao, Meng Huang, Xiangyu Wang, Xiang Lin, Xiaoling She, Yiming Zhao, Minfu Zhang, Cheng Huang, Shiyi Wang, Yinfei Du, Peng Du, Shuai Chen, Qing Liu, Minghua Wu
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary brain malignancy in adults. Previous studies have shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and aggressiveness for glioblastoma. However, little is known about how CMV infection affects immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of GBM. Furthermore, there has been almost no engineered T-cell receptor (TCR)-T targeting CMV for GBM research to date. METHODS: We evaluated the CMV infection status of patients with GBM's tumor tissue by immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and droplet digital PCR...
April 30, 2024: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingyu Liang, Xingang Zhou, Yu Wang, Wenbin Ma
BACKGROUND: Glioma is the main subtype of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis under current therapeutic approaches. Glycolysis and suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are key markers of glioma with great importance for aggressive features of glioma and inferior clinical outcomes. Hexokinase 3 (HK3) is an important rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, but its function in glioma remains unknown. METHODS: This study comprehensively assessed the expression distribution and immunological effect of HK3 via pan-cancer analysis based on datasets from Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)...
April 30, 2024: Metabolic Brain Disease
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lirui Dai, Jingjia Xiao, Xiang Li, Yiran Tao, Peizhi Zhou, Liang Lyu, Zimin Shi, Xianyin Liang, Ziyang Jia, Shu Jiang
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is identified as one of the most prevalent and malignant brain tumors, characterized by poor treatment outcomes and a limited prognosis. CMTM6, a membrane protein, has been found to upregulate the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) and acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor by inhibiting the programmed death 1 protein/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Recent research has demonstrated a high expression of CMTM6 in GBM, suggesting its potential role in influencing the pathogenesis and progression of GBM, as well as its association with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment...
May 2024: Journal of Gene Medicine
#18
REVIEW
Vedant R Katole, Meghali Kaple
Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, poses significant challenges to patients, caregivers, and clinicians alike. Pediatric glioblastoma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor that presents unique challenges in treatment. It differs from its adult counterpart in terms of genetic and molecular characteristics. Its incidence is relatively low, but the prognosis remains grim due to its aggressive behavior. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques and histopathological analysis. The rarity of the disease underscores the need for effective treatment strategies...
March 2024: Curēus
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Svetoslav Todorov, Petar-Preslav Petrov, Zlatko Kirovakov, Plamen Penchev
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. However, the epidemiology of pediatric brain and spine injuries in Bulgaria is poorly documented. This study aims to analyze and identify the prevalence, causes, and trends of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries in pediatric patients during the period of 1st June 2022 to 30th June 2023. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of patients under 18 years of age who visited the emergency department of University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment (UMHAT) Burgas, Bulgaria between 1st June 2022 and 30th June 2023...
March 2024: Curēus
#20
REVIEW
Nilam Bhusare, Maushmi Kumar
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival. Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12-15 months. One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors, making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients. However, the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms...
2024: Oncology Research
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