Respiratory rate

OBJECTIVE: Many available facepiece filtering respirators contain ferromagnetic components, which may cause significant problems in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment. We conducted a randomized crossover trial to assess the effectiveness, usability, and comfort of 3 types of respirators, judged to be "conditionally MRI safe" with an aluminum nosepiece (Halyard 46727 duckbill-type respirators and Care Essentials MSK-002 bifold cup-type respirators) or "MRI safe" completely metal free (Eagle AG2200 semirigid cup-type respirators)...

OBJECTIVE: Prescribing of antibiotics for viral upper respiratory infections (URIs) remains a pressing public health problem. We sought to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for URIs in Mayo Clinic Arizona. DESIGN: Single-center, quasi-experimental, and retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Emergency medicine and all primary care departments. METHODS: The interventions included sharing baseline prescribing data, education, resources, and quarterly peer comparison reports...

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a serious threat to global public health. Recently, due to its increased resistance to carbapenems and β -lactams, Klebsiella pneumoniae has become one of the main causes of septicemia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. It is crucial to take immediate action and implement effective measures to prevent further spread of this issue. This study aims to report the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rates of K. pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical specimens from 2015 to 2020 at the University Hospital of Salerno, Italy...

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is often used in pediatric populations with respiratory distress. In adults, the respiratory-rate oxygenation (ROX) index is used as a predictor of HFNC therapy; however, children have age-associated differences in respiratory rate, thus may not be applicable to children. This study aims to find the reliability of ROX index and modified P-ROX index as predictors of HFNC therapy failure in pediatric patients. METHODS: Subjects in this analytical cross-sectional study were taken from January 2023 until November 2023 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with bronchiectasis experiencing hypercapnia remains unclear. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze the short-term outcomes of HFNC therapy in such patients, and to further explore the predictors of HFNC treatment failure in this particular patient population. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on patients with bronchiectasis who received HFNC (n = 70) for hypercapnia (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2  ≥ 45 mmHg) between September 2019 and September 2023...

BACKGROUND: The Japanese government has instituted border control measures against COVID-19, including entry and exit screening of people arriving from overseas. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the exit screening policy in Japan in reducing the risk of importing COVID-19 cases among travelers from Asian and Pacific countries. METHODS: The study period was stratified based on the timing of exit screening: (i) the control period (the pre-exit screening period from 25 October 2020 to 16 January 2021), (ii) the time period with the Alpha variant from 17 January to 10 April 2021, and (iii) the time period with the Delta variant from 2 May to 2 October 2021...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroid in reducing respiratory morbidity in babies born in the late preterm period. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-six pregnant women at risk of having a late preterm delivery were studied. One hundred and forty-three (143) served as the cases and were given 2 doses of 12 mg intramuscular dexamethasone 12 h apart, while 143 served as the controls and were given a similar quantity of placebo...

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the association between trichloramine (TCA) exposure and respiratory health effects in swimming pool workers. METHODOLOGY: In this study, air sampling was performed for TCA concentrations at fixed locations (static measurements) and on individual workers (personal measurements) in six indoor public swimming pools during periods of high swimmer attendance over the winter school break. Health effects were evaluated using questionnaires and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) tests performed before and after the working day...

OBJECTIVES: Given the lack of data on the seriousness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in the Czech Republic, an analysis was made of available data on hospitalizations and the hospitalization risk was estimated by age group. METHODS: Data from the National Registry of Reimbursed Health Services and the National Registry of Hospitalizations were used for the analyses. Hospitalizations and deaths due to RSV infection (diagnoses J12.1, J20.5, J21.0) from 2017-2022 were analyzed by age group...

BACKGROUND: Singing for lung health (SLH) is an arts-based breathing control and movement intervention for people with long-term respiratory conditions, intended to improve symptoms and quality of life. Online, remotely delivered programmes might improve accessibility; however, no previous studies have assessed the effectiveness of this approach. METHODS: We conducted an assessor-blind randomised controlled trial comparing the impact of 12 weeks of once-weekly online SLH sessions against usual care on health-related quality of life, assessed using the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Health Composite (MHC) and Physical Health Composite (PHC) scores...

BACKGROUND: Methods used to assess ventilation heterogeneity through inert gas washout have been standardised and showed high sensitivity in diagnosing many respiratory diseases. We hypothesised that nitrogen single or multiple breath washout tests, respectively nitrogen single breath washout (N2 SBW) and nitrogen multiple breath washout (N2 MBW), may be pathological in patients with clinical suspicion of asthma but normal spirometry. Our aim was to assess whether N2 SBW and N2 MBW are associated with methacholine challenge test (MCT) results in this population...

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has posed a significant global health concern due to its severe respiratory illness and high fatality rate. Currently, despite the potential for resurgence, there are no specific treatments for MERS-CoV, and only supportive care is available. Our study aimed to address this therapeutic gap by developing a potent neutralizing bispecific antibody (bsAb) against MERS-CoV. Initially, we isolated four human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically target the MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) using phage display technology and an established human antibody library...

RATIONALE: The proportion of patients who develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), along with risk factors for progression remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To examine factors associated with an increased risk of developing PPF among patients at a referral center. METHODS: We identified patients with a diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) seen within the Cleveland Clinic Health System. Utilizing a retrospective observational approach we estimated the risk of developing progression by diagnosis group and identified key clinical predictors using the FVC component of both the original progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease (PFILD) and the proposed PPF (ATS) criteria...

In spite of the increasing use and importance of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) in research, and other fields, like location of landmines, there is still not enough information on their physiology. In this study, we assessed the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, vital parameters and anaesthetic indices of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse), both genders, using diazepam or ketamine as chemical restraints. A total of 24 adult African Giant Rats (AGR), 12 males and 12 females were used in this experiment...

BACKGROUND: Limited data exists regarding risk factors for adverse outcomes in older adults hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in low- and middle-income countries such as India. This multisite study aimed to assess outcomes and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥60 years hospitalized with pneumonia. METHODS: Between December 2018 and March 2020, we enrolled ≥60-year-old adults admitted within 48 hours for CAP treatment across 16 public and private facilities in four sites...

PURPOSE: To propose a straightforward and time-efficient quality assurance (QA) approach of beam time delay for respiratory-gated radiotherapy and validate the proposed method on typical respiratory gating systems, Catalyst™ and AlignRT™. METHODS: The QA apparatus was composed of a motion platform and a Winston-Lutz cube phantom (WL3) embedded with metal balls. The apparatus was first scanned in CT-Sim and two types of QA plans specific for beam on and beam off time delay, respectively, were designed...

BACKGROUND: More than 767 million coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 6.9 million deaths with COVID-19 have been recorded as of August 2023. Several public health and social measures were implemented in schools to contain the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent onward transmission. We built upon methods from a previous Cochrane review to capture current empirical evidence relating to the effectiveness of school measures to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission...

OBJECTIVES: To adapt and develop a reliable and easily administered outcome measure of physical and respiratory function in critically ill children in the PICU. DESIGN: Modified Delphi study to adapt the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment (CPAx) tool for use in children 2-18 years old, with subsequent prospective testing in a single-center cohort. SETTING: Single-center tertiary PICU. SUBJECTS: Delphi process in 27 panelists (including physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and pediatric intensivists from seven countries from January 2018 to March 2018)...

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are susceptible to malnutrition, with appropriate management of nutritional interventions an active area of investigation. We sought to determine the impact of gastrostomy tube placement in ALS patients, exploring the correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC), malnutrition, and perioperative complications. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of clinically diagnosed ALS patients treated at two multidisciplinary clinics (University of Kansas, University of Nebraska) from January 2009 to September 2020 who were referred for gastrostomy...

OBJECTIVES: Before the advent of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus, a large proportion of kidneys from donors with hepatitis C viremia were discarded. Hepatitis C virus is now amenable to effective treatment with excellent seronegativity rates. In this study, we review the outcomes of hepatitis C viremic kidneys transplanted into hepatitis C-naive recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we examined 6 deceased donor kidneys with hepatitis C viremia that were transplanted into hepatitis C-naive recipients between March 2020 and April 2021 at a single center...