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George C Gabriel, Hisato Yagi, Tuantuan Tan, Abha S Bais, Benjamin J Glennon, Margaret C Stapleton, Lihua Huang, William T Reynolds, Marla G Shaffer, Madhavi Ganapathiraju, Dennis Simon, Ashok Panigrahy, Yijen L Wu, Cecilia W Lo
Poor neurodevelopment is often observed with congenital heart disease (CHD), especially with mutations in chromatin modifiers. Here analysis of mice with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) arising from mutations in Sin3A associated chromatin modifier Sap130 , and adhesion protein Pcdha9, revealed neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral deficits reminiscent of those in HLHS patients. Microcephaly was associated with impaired cortical neurogenesis, mitotic block, and increased apoptosis. Transcriptional profiling indicated dysregulated neurogenesis by REST, altered CREB signaling regulating memory and synaptic plasticity, and impaired neurovascular coupling modulating cerebral blood flow...
February 26, 2024: bioRxiv
#42
Florian Helms, Stefan Rümke, Bettina Schill, Christian Kühn
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Multiple sclerosis is known to be associated with both sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation. Thus, patients with multiple sclerosis comorbidity represent a potentially challenging patient population in cardiac surgery, especially in on-pump operations. Despite this, very little is known about the hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass and the optimal perfusion strategy for patients with multiple sclerosis undergoing cardiac operations...
March 2024: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Luis Enrique Arroyo-Garcia, Christina Tsagkogianni, Lechuan Li, Wei Wang, Ákos Végvári, Isabella Salas-Allende, Zakary Plautz, Angel Cedazo-Minguez, Subhash C Sinha, Olga Troyanskaya, Marc Flajolet, Vicky Yao, Jean-Pierre Roussarie
Neurons from layer II of the entorhinal cortex (ECII) are the first to accumulate tau protein aggregates and degenerate during prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying this vulnerability will help reveal genes and pathways at play during incipient stages of the disease. Here, we use a data-driven functional genomics approach to model ECII neurons in silico and identify the proto-oncogene DEK as a regulator of tau pathology. We show that epigenetic changes caused by Dek silencing alter activity-induced transcription, with major effects on neuronal excitability...
March 11, 2024: Brain
#44
REVIEW
Anthony S Ferranti, Deborah J Luessen, Colleen M Niswender
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects approximately 5% of the population. The disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and deficits in attention and cognition, although symptoms vary across patients due to the heterogenous and polygenic nature of the disorder. Stimulant medications are the standard of care treatment for ADHD patients, and their effectiveness has led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of ADHD in which deficits in dopaminergic signaling, especially in cortical brain regions, mechanistically underly ADHD pathophysiology...
March 8, 2024: Neuropharmacology
#45
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maycon Junior Ferreira, Danielle da Silva Dias, Gabriel do Carmo Silva, Amanda Aparecida de Araujo, Marina Rascio Henriques Dutra, Nathalia Bernardes, Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen, Kátia De Angelis
OBJECTIVE: Enalapril has shown satisfactory potential in controlling increased and sustained blood pressure (BP). However, multiple dysregulated mechanisms that interact with each other and are involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension may not be affected, contributing to the remaining cardiovascular risk. Using an exercise training protocol, we investigated whether adding both approaches to arterial hypertension management could promote higher modulation of regulatory mechanisms of BP in postmenopausal rats...
April 1, 2024: Journal of Hypertension
#46
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuhao Li, Senyan Yang, Shujing Zhou, Shuang Zhang, Xueying Li, Haibo Zhang, Ping Ren, Yanwu Liu, Ying Liu, Yuanguo Chen
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), commonly referred to as "broken heart syndrome," is a distinctive form of acute and reversible heart failure that primarily affects young to middle-aged individuals, particularly women. While emotional or physical stressors often trigger TTS, rare cases have been linked to interventional procedures for congenital heart disease (CHD). Despite its recognition, the exact causes of TTS remain elusive. Research indicates that dysregulation in autonomic nerve function, involving sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, plays a pivotal role...
March 2, 2024: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
#47
REVIEW
Tatlock H Lauten, Tamara Natour, Adam J Case
In the field of psychiatry, biological markers are rarely, if ever, used in the diagnosis of mental health disorders. Clinicians rely primarily on patient histories and behavioral symptoms to identify specific psychopathologies, which makes diagnosis highly subjective. Moreover, therapies for mental health disorders are aimed specifically at attenuating behavioral manifestations, which overlooks the pathophysiological indices of the disease. This is highly evident in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) where inflammation and immune system perturbations are becoming increasingly described...
April 2024: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical
#48
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sophie Lehnerer, Meret Herdick, Regina Stegherr, Lea Gerischer, Frauke Stascheit, Maike Stein, Philipp Mergenthaler, Sarah Hoffmann, Andreas Meisel
BACKGROUND: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune-mediated neuromuscular disorder leading to muscle weakness, autonomic dysregulation and hyporeflexia. Psychosocial well-being is affected. Previously, we assessed burden of disease for Myasthenia gravis (MG). Here, we aim to elucidate burden of disease by comparing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with LEMS to the general population (genP) as well as MG patients. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey included sociodemographic and clinical data along with standardized questionnaires, e...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Neurology
#49
REVIEW
Rebecca H Cole, Khaled Moussawi, Max E Joffe
Several neurochemical systems converge in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to regulate cognitive and motivated behaviors. A rich network of endogenous opioid peptides and receptors spans multiple PFC cell types and circuits, and this extensive opioid system has emerged as a key substrate underlying reward, motivation, affective behaviors, and adaptations to stress. Here, we review the current evidence for dysregulated cortical opioid signaling in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We begin by providing an introduction to the basic anatomy and function of the cortical opioid system, followed by a discussion of endogenous and exogenous opioid modulation of PFC function at the behavioral, cellular, and synaptic level...
May 1, 2024: Neuropharmacology
#50
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Galina Portnova, Guzal Khayrullina, Olga Martynova
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is commonly observed in various mental disorders, particularly when individuals engage in prolonged cognitive-emotional tasks that require ANS adjustment to workload. Although the understanding of the temporal dynamics of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is limited, analyzing ANS reactions to cognitive-emotional workload could provide valuable insights into one of the underlying causes of OCD. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of heart rate (HR) and pupil area (PA) while participants with OCD and healthy volunteers solved antisaccade tasks, with affective pictures serving as central fixation stimuli...
February 26, 2024: Psychophysiology
#51
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Walitt, Komudi Singh, Samuel R LaMunion, Mark Hallett, Steve Jacobson, Kong Chen, Yoshimi Enose-Akahata, Richard Apps, Jennifer J Barb, Patrick Bedard, Robert J Brychta, Ashura Williams Buckley, Peter D Burbelo, Brice Calco, Brianna Cathay, Li Chen, Snigdha Chigurupati, Jinguo Chen, Foo Cheung, Lisa M K Chin, Benjamin W Coleman, Amber B Courville, Madeleine S Deming, Bart Drinkard, Li Rebekah Feng, Luigi Ferrucci, Scott A Gabel, Angelique Gavin, David S Goldstein, Shahin Hassanzadeh, Sean C Horan, Silvina G Horovitz, Kory R Johnson, Anita Jones Govan, Kristine M Knutson, Joy D Kreskow, Mark Levin, Jonathan J Lyons, Nicholas Madian, Nasir Malik, Andrew L Mammen, John A McCulloch, Patrick M McGurrin, Joshua D Milner, Ruin Moaddel, Geoffrey A Mueller, Amrita Mukherjee, Sandra Muñoz-Braceras, Gina Norato, Katherine Pak, Iago Pinal-Fernandez, Traian Popa, Lauren B Reoma, Michael N Sack, Farinaz Safavi, Leorey N Saligan, Brian A Sellers, Stephen Sinclair, Bryan Smith, Joseph Snow, Stacey Solin, Barbara J Stussman, Giorgio Trinchieri, Sara A Turner, C Stephenie Vetter, Felipe Vial, Carlotta Vizioli, Ashley Williams, Shanna B Yang, Avindra Nath
Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined, the pathophysiology is unknown, and no disease-modifying treatments are available. We used rigorous criteria to recruit PI-ME/CFS participants with matched controls to conduct deep phenotyping. Among the many physical and cognitive complaints, one defining feature of PI-ME/CFS was an alteration of effort preference, rather than physical or central fatigue, due to dysfunction of integrative brain regions potentially associated with central catechol pathway dysregulation, with consequences on autonomic functioning and physical conditioning...
February 21, 2024: Nature Communications
#52
Bob Seton, Rishika Pandey, Mary K Piscura, William G Pearson
This retrospective case series introduces autonomic recalibration (AR) as a novel approach for alleviating chronic myofascial pain. The manuscript explores the rationale, theory, and practice of AR, which targets the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to restore homeostasis and reduce pain. The involvement of the ANS in pain modulation and the role of autonomic imbalance in chronic pain are discussed, emphasizing the potential benefits of addressing autonomic dysregulation through AR. The technique combines manual interventions and patient education, relying on neuroplastic adaptations...
January 2024: Curēus
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K J Hari Prakash, Sucheta Parija, Manisha Kar
CONTEXT: Diabetic retinopathy, a form of microvasculopathy, is the leading cause of the visual abnormality. However, there is no conclusive evidence of the relationship of systemic vascular dysfunction with retinal microvasculopathy. In addition, diabetes-associated cardiac autonomic neuropathy may also compromise vascular function. AIMS: The present study intends to correlate arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and heart rate variability (HRV) as a standardized measure of cardiac autonomic neuropathy with diabetic retinopathy...
December 2023: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristin J Perry, Rachel A Level, Pamela Schuetze, Rina D Eiden
Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and tobacco-cannabis coexposure (PTCE) co-occur with negative maternal emotional functioning (termed prenatal risks) and together increase risk for child regulatory problems at early school age (ESA). Little is known about developmental processes in early childhood that may mediate this association. We examined two hypothesized mediational processes linking prenatal risks to ESA emotion regulation (ER) and lability-negativity; parasympathetic functioning at toddler age and chronic risk reflected by continued postnatal maternal negative emotional functioning (i...
February 15, 2024: Developmental Psychology
#55
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth A Shupe, Ilan A Kerman, Sarah M Clinton
Emotionally motivated behaviors rely on the coordinated activity of descending neural circuits involved in motor and autonomic functions. Using a pseudorabies (PRV) tract-tracing approach in typically behaving rats, our group previously identified descending premotor, presympathetic, and dual-labeled premotor-presympathetic populations throughout the central rostral-caudal axis. The premotor-presympathetic populations are thought to integrate somatomotor and sympathetic activity. To determine whether these circuits are dysregulated in subjects with altered emotional regulation, subsequent neuroanatomical analyses were performed in male subjects of two distinct genetic models relevant to clinical depression and anxiety: the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat and selectively bred Low Novelty Responder (bLR) rat...
February 15, 2024: Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation Cérébrale
#56
Hassan Bukhari, Vanitha Nithianandam, Rachel A Battaglia, Anthony Cicalo, Souvarish Sarkar, Aram Comjean, Yanhui Hu, Matthew J Leventhal, Xianjun Dong, Mel B Feany
Missense mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule-associated protein tau cause autosomal dominant forms of frontotemporal dementia. Multiple models of frontotemporal dementia based on transgenic expression of human tau in experimental model organisms, including Drosophila , have been described. These models replicate key features of the human disease, but do not faithfully recreate the genetic context of the human disorder. Here we use CRISPR-Cas mediated gene editing to model frontotemporal dementia caused by the tau P301L mutation by creating the orthologous mutation, P251L, in the endogenous Drosophila tau gene...
February 4, 2024: bioRxiv
#57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Teodor E Yordanov, Mikaela S Keyser, Marco A Enriquez Martinez, Tyron Esposito, Juliann B Tefft, Elysse K Morris, Larisa I Labzin, Samantha J Stehbens, Alan E Rowan, Benjamin M Hogan, Christopher S Chen, Jan Lauko, Anne K Lagendijk
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that predominantly form in blood vessels of the central nervous system upon loss of the CCM multimeric protein complex. The endothelial cells within CCM lesions are characterized by overactive MEKK3 kinase and KLF2/4 transcription factor signaling, leading to pathological changes such as increased endothelial cell spreading and reduced junctional integrity. Concomitant to aberrant endothelial cell signaling, non-autonomous signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have also been implicated in CCM lesion growth and these factors might explain why CCM lesions mainly develop in the central nervous system...
March 2024: APL Bioengineering
#58
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra Jamieson, Lamia Al Saikhan, Lamis Alghamdi, Lee Hamill Howes, Helen Purcell, Toby Hillman, Melissa Heightman, Thomas Treibel, Michele Orini, Robert Bell, Marie Scully, Mark Hamer, Nishi Chaturvedi, Hugh Montgomery, Alun D Hughes, Ronan Astin, Siana Jones
The pathogenesis of exercise intolerance and persistent fatigue which can follow an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus ("long COVID") is not fully understood. Cases were recruited from a long COVID clinic (N = 32; 44 ± 12 years; 10 (31%) men), and age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HC) (N = 19; 40 ± 13 years; 6 (32%) men) from University College London staff and students. We assessed exercise performance, lung and cardiac function, vascular health, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function...
February 2024: Physiological Reports
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei-Lun Lin, Ya-Wen Hsiao, Shin-Huei Liu, Wen-Han Cheng, Tsung-Ying Tsai, Yu-Hui Chou, Cheryl C H Yang, Terry B J Kuo, Shih-Ann Chen, Li-Wei Lo
INTRODUCTION: The levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in plasma are important risk factors for coronary heart disease. Several reports suggest that elevated plasma cholesterol is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. In a subsequent study investigating LDL cholesterol levels and the frequency of LDL cholesterol measurements, a positive correlation was observed between the severity of sleep apnea and visit-to-visit LDL cholesterol variability. Our objective was to assess the effects of hypercholesterolemia on cardiac autonomic activity, disordered sleep patterns, and increased incidence of arrhythmias in freely moving rats...
February 2, 2024: Sleep Medicine
#60
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akari Nakamura-Utsunomiya, Kei Yamaguchi, Naoki Goshima
Recent studies have reported the presence of autoantibodies against zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 1 (ZSCAN1) in the sera of patients with rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome associated with neuroendocrine tumors, suggesting immunologic and paraneoplastic processes as the pathologic underpinnings. Moreover, several hypothalamic regions, including the subfornical organ (SFO), were reported to exhibit antibody reactivity in a patient with ROHHAD syndrome not associated with a tumor...
February 1, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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