Fasting insulin

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To perform an overall assessment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) adults with central obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: We enrolled HFpEF patients with central obesity (n =73, mean age 52.4 ± 6.3 years) and without obesity (n =70, mean age 51.9 ± 7.1 years) and compared with an age-matched healthy subjects who had not suffered from HF (n = 69, mean age 52.3 ± 7.5 years). Physical examination, routine laboratory tests such as fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA) index, serum lipids, haemoglobin, creatinine, ALT, AST, uric acide, hs CRP, TSH, N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and standard transthoracic echocardiogram (2D and Doppler) examinations were performed and assessed...

PURPOSE: GlucophageⓇ (Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) is the originator brand of metformin hydrochloride, an oral antidiabetic drug. Metformin is recommended in guidelines as first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and increasingly in related insulin-resistant conditions, such as prediabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. The GelShieldⓇ sustained-release formulation tablet of GlucophageⓇ has been improved from the historic version marketed in 2000...

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in individuals with diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or obesity. METHODS: A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until October 2023 identified 13 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria...

PURPOSE: Many factors influence male sexual function, including metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the effects of two metabolic indices, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the visceral adiposity index (VAI), on male sexual function. METHODS: A total of 400 men having sexual dysfunction were included. Anthropological data, comorbidities were recorded. Serum total testosterone, prolactin, and estradiol levels were recorded...

CONTEXT: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D. METHOD: We analysed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohorts, cohort 1(n=2127) individuals at risk of diabetes; cohort 2 (n=789) individuals with new-onset of T2D...

Many individuals with pre-diabetes eventually develop diabetes. Therefore, profiling of prediabetic metabolic disorders may be an effective targeted preventive measure. We aimed to elucidate the metabolic mechanism of progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from a metabolic perspective. Four sets of plasma samples (20 subjects per group) collected according to fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration were subjected to metabolomic analysis. An integrative approach of metabolome and WGCNA was employed to explore candidate metabolites...

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and the adjuvant glycaemic control effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor, DWP16001, in diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment. METHODS: Nineteen diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment (NPH, porcine lente and glargine insulin) were divided into two groups according to dosing frequency: DWP TOD group (n = 10) and DWP SID group (n = 9)...

Background: The interaction between COVID-19 infection, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR) may lead to poor outcome. Methods: This prospective study included 100 adult participants without diabetes attending Alexandria Fever Hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infections. They were classified into four groups according to disease severity using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Demographic and clinical parameters were collected. Laboratory investigations were obtained. Another follow-up fasting plasma glucose (FPG) value was measured after 3 months in cured patients...

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterised by insulin resistance and is a risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effect of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in women with PCOS. METHODS: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science in April 2020 and updated in March 2023...

OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of exercise and the use of herbal supplements in improving type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. However, there are still many unanswered questions about the effects of cold and hot water, exercise, and herbal supplements on meteorine-like protein (METRNL), which is considered one of the key factors influencing insulin resistance improvement in this condition. Hence, the current study aimed to address these knowledge gaps and investigate the effects of 8 weeks of warm and cold-water swimming exercise with cinnamon consumption on serum levels of METRNL, histone deacetylase-5 (HDAC5), and insulin resistance in diabetic male rats...

BACKGROUND: Obesity-associated inflammation drives the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We sought to identify associations of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) with the degree of obesity (eg, body mass index Z -score [BMIz]), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and glycemic control (HbA1c) in children and adolescents. We further sought to examine associations among bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4 T cells and BMIz, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c...

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), influenced by an increase in obesity, is a rising problem worldwide. Pathophysiological mechanisms of this early-onset T2DM include both peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance, along with increased hepatic fasting glucose production accompanied by inadequate first and second-phase insulin secretion. Moreover, the incretin effect is reduced. The initial presentation of type 2 diabetes can be dramatic and symptoms may overlap with those of type 1 diabetes mellitus...

AIMS: Insulin efsitora alfa (efsitora) is a once-weekly basal insulin. This review describes the study design and rationale of the efsitora phase 3 Once Weekly (QW) Insulin Therapy (QWINT) clinical development programme, including the five trials, QWINT-1 through QWINT-5. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The five trials included insulin-naïve adults (QWINT-1 and -2) with type 2 diabetes (T2D), adults with T2D previously treated with basal insulin (QWINT-3 and -4), and QWINT-5 in adults with type 1 diabetes...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plantaginis Semen (PS) is widely utilized as a common herb in several Asian countries, particularly China, due to its diuretic, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Furthermore, it is acknowledged for its ability to mitigate renal complications associated with metabolic syndrome. Despite its extensive usage, there is limited systematic literature elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms, thus emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive investigations in this field...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by the loss of first-phase insulin secretion. We studied mice with β-cell selective loss of the glucagon receptor (Gcgr fl/fl X Ins-1Cre ), to investigate the role of intra-islet glucagon receptor signalling on pan-islet calcium activity and insulin secretion. METHODS: Metabolic profiling was conducted on Gcgr β-cell-/- and littermate controls. Crossing with GCaMP6f (STOP flox) animals further allowed for β-cell specific expression of a fluorescent calcium indicator...

BACKGROUND: Considerable controversy exists surrounding the consumption of red meat and its impacts on cardio-metabolic health and may further impact risk factors at the molecular level. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of dietary patterns, varying in red meat quantity, on the expression of circulating microRNA (miRNA)s, which are emerging biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease severity. METHODS: Secondary analyses were performed from plasma samples collected within a randomized, crossover design study in 16 women with overweight (mean ± SD, age = 33 ± 9...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a lack of evidence on dietary intake of methyl donor nutrients with metabolic health status and related biomarkers. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relation between methyl donor nutrients intake and metabolic health status with regarding the interactive roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin in Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 527 Iranian adults (45.7% female) selected by multistage cluster random-sampling method...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes a common metabolic disorder that could lead to deleterious short- and long-term complications in both the mother and her infant. Probiotic supplementation seems to exert diverse, healthy effects by acting as a preventive agent against various human diseases, including GDM. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current narrative review was to critically summarize and scrutinize the available clinical studies during the last 15 years (2008-2023) concerning the use of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy as a protecting agent against GDM...

This study investigates the effect of daily consumption of wheat biscuits enriched with plant proteins in postprandial metabolic responses of women with overweight/obesity who follow an energy-restricted diet. Thirty apparently healthy women participated in a 12-week randomized controlled trial and were assigned either to a control (CB) or an intervention (PB) group. Participants consumed daily either a conventional (CB) or an isocaloric wheat biscuit enriched with plant proteins (PB) containing high amounts of amino acids with appetite-regulating properties, i...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for liver disease, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have many comorbidities, with a heavy burden of liver disease and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the prevalence and associations of vitamin D deficiency in patients admitted for in-hospital treatment of AUD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients consecutively admitted for the treatment of AUD between January 2017 and October 2023...