opoids

INTRODUCTION: Intrathecal drug delivery is a well-defined strategy to treat malignant and nonmalignant pain. Ziconotide is a well-studied intrathecal medicine option that has many attractive qualities, as it is non-granulomagenic, overdose or underdose is not associated with cardiopulmonary compromise or death, and is a non-opoid analgesic. However, it has had slow adoption into pain care algorithms because it has been historically plagued with the connotation of having a narrow therapeutic window and a low sustainability rate...

Molecular mechanics energy minimization and electrostatic potential surface calculations have been used to examine a series of opioid compounds that interact with the µ opoid receptor and a recently discovered high-affinity naloxone binding site (the λ site). The compounds studied include members of the morphinan, 4,5-epoxymorphinan, and benzomorphan families. All compounds bind with a high affinity at the µ opiate receptor site, but only the 4,5-epoxymorphinans bind tightly at the λ site. The results suggest that conformational differences in the various families do not satisfactorily explain the observed trends in binding affinity at the λ site...

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas that may also involve adjacent tissues and/or remote organ systems. Abdominal pain is the main symptom and is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fever. Opoids are commonly used to manage pain in acute pancreatitis but there are still some uncertainties about their clinical effectiveness and safety. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of opioids for treating acute pancreatitis pain...

BACKGROUND: Prescription opioid abuse is not homogeneous due to varying patterns of use and different geographic preferences. Because doctor shopping is one of the main sources of diversion, it has previously been used to estimate drug abuse. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe and compare opioid abuse in 2008 using doctor shopping to estimate abuse in 3 French regions. SETTING: Data for this study came from the General Health Insurance (GHI) reimbursement database, which covers 77% of the French population...

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PURPOSE: Computer-assisted laparoscopic surgery (CALS) in children is increasingly used and has proven to be feasible and safe. However, its full potential remains unclear and clinical comparative studies hardly exist. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate our experience with CALS for performing retroperitoneal nephrectomies in children when compared with controls undergoing open surgery in terms of safety, operative time, blood loss, opoid requirements, the duration of hospital stay and complications...

AIM: To study upon to serum deprivation if delta-opioid receptor activation has direct effect on cultured impaired cardiomyocytes survival. METHODS: Myocardial cells of neonatal rats were cultured in vitro. The cell viability was determined with crystal violet staining uptake. The percentage of S + G2 + M in cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of Caspase-3 were investigated by Western blotting...

Opioid dependence is a significant and growing problem in the United States. For nearly a century, federal regulations have made it illegal for psychiatrists and other physicians to pharmacologically manage this condition in an office-based setting using opioids. The passage of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 has made it possible for all physicians to prescribe buprenorphine to patients in such a setting. Buprenorphine, a partial mu-opoid receptor agonist, has unique pharmacologic properties that distinguish it from methadone and other medications used in the treatment of opioid dependence...

Intradermal microinjection of the pruritogen histamine, or the algogen capsaicin, in the mouse cheek differentially elicits mainly hindlimb scratching or ipsilateral forelimb wiping, respectively. We investigated the dose-dependency of these responses elicited by various pruritogens and algogens, and µ-opioid modulation. Histamine, 5-hydro-xytryptamine (5-HT) and agonists of protease-activated receptors PAR-2 and PAR-4, all elicited dose-related hindlimb scratching bouts with little forelimb wiping. In contrast, capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate and bradykinin elicited dose-related forelimb wiping with little scratching...

The addictive properties of morphine limit its clinical use. Learned associations that develop between the abused opiate and the environment in which it is consumed are engendered through Pavlovian conditioning processes. Disruption of the learned associations between the opiate and environmental cues may be a therapeutic approach to prevent morphine dependence. Although a role for the delta-opioid receptor in the regulation of the rewarding properties of morphine has already been shown, in this study we further characterized the role of the delta-opioid receptor in morphine-induced conditioned responses by examining the effect of a selective delta2-opioid receptor antagonist (naltriben), using a conditioned place preference paradigm in rats...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Relapse is a common and distressing aspect of substance dependence mediated by several biological and psychosocial factors. This study examined the association between demographic variables, clinical parameters and certain psychosocial factors and relapse among patients with either alcohol or opioid dependence. METHODS: Structured assessments of clinical/demographic parameters, relapse precipitants, coping strategies, self-efficacy, stressful life events and perceived social support were carried out among patients with alcohol/opoid dependence (n=30) who had relapsed and compared with those (n=30) who had managed to remain abstinent...

INTRODUCTION: Autism is a developmental disorder that requires specialized therapeutic approaches. Influenced by various theoretical hypotheses, therapeutic programs are typically structured on a psychodynamic, biological or educative basis. Presently, educational strategies are recommended in the treatment of autism, without excluding other approaches when they are necessary. Some authors recommend dietetic or complementary approaches to the treatment of autism, which often stimulates great interest in the parents but also provokes controversy for professionals...

PCAO (patient-controlled analgesia in outpatients) is a new treatment concept designed to overcome chronic or acute pain of cancer patients. From 1989 to 1992, a total of with tumour pain 204 patients were treated in the pain clinics of Fürth in cooperation with the Department of Radiation at the University Hospital in Regensburg. In 90 of these patients adequate oral medication was impossible because of problems in swallowing or blockage of the gastrointestinal tract, and subcutaneous opioid infusion over 24 h was therefore instituted...

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is upregulated in the stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis patients by sphingomyelin deacylase. We conducted an investigation, both to confirm that intradermal injection of SPC elicits scratching in mice, and to elucidate the detailed mechanism of the SPC-induced itch-scratch response. Intradermal administration of SPC increased the incidence of scratching behavior in a dose-dependent manner. SPC-induced scratching could be suppressed, significantly, by the mu-opoid receptor antagonist, naltrexon, the vaniloid receptor agonist, capsaicin, and the histamine H1 receptor antagonist ketotifen...

Besides epidural analgesia combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia (CSE) is one of the favourite techniques of regional anaesthesia for pain relief in obstetric patients. CSE combines the advantage of spinal anaesthesia, e.g. rapid onset and reliable effect, with the advantage of continuous epidural anaesthesia, e.g. titration of analgesics and prolongation. While subarachnoid injection of solely opioids provides fast pain relief for nearly 2 hrs in the first stage of labour with an opportunity of ambulation for the parturient ("walking epidural"), the subarachnoid injection of a combination of low doses of opoids and local anaesthetics provides profound analgesia with minor motor blocking side effects for 1-2 hrs in the second stage of labour...

Pain is a universal complaint, which needs further investigations for new pain relieving agents. Carum copticum (L.) Sprague ex Turrill is a plant in Umbelliferae family, which is mentioned to have some therapeutic effects on headache and joint pains in Iranian traditional literature, but there are not enough scientific reports to prove its effects on pain. So, we conducted to design an experimental clinical trial study to assess and compare the analgesic effect of ethanolic extract of Carum copticum fruit with morphine by using a tail-flick analgesiometer device...

BACKGROUND: The almost unknown stylopharyngeal fascia may be one of the reasons for unsuccessful therapy of the trigeminal neuralgia by a transoral block of the superior ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. We investigated the anatomy of the fascia to show the efficiency of the block for this therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 103 halves of human heads were investigated. The stylopharyngeal fascia was dissected by a lateral approach. We classified three groups. Group A was formed by fascias without perforation, group B by perforated fascias and group C by all halves without a developed fascia...

Of the sensory nervous system associated signal substances it is only calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) that is reliably associated with the degree of pain in the acute attacks of primary headaches. The treatment with triptans alleviates both the pain and the associated CGRP release, putatively via a presynaptic effect on the sensory nerves. The studies of opoids and other sensory neuropeptides are inconsistent and require further analysis. Initial positive data on endothelin and its receptors have turned out negative...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to compare child behavior before surgery with experience of pain and anxiety in relation to two techniques of tonsil surgery, to relate previous experiences of surgery/tonsillitis with anxiety and pain, and to compare the children's, parent's and nurse's rating of pain. METHOD: Ninety-two children (5-15 years) with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and with or without recurrent tonsillitis were randomized to partial tonsil resection/tonsillotomy (TT) or full tonsillectomy (TE)...

Exploiting naturally abundant (14)N and (31)P nuclei by high-resolution MAS NMR (magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) provides a molecular view of the electrostatic potential present at the surface of biological model membranes, the electrostatic charge distribution across the membrane interface, and changes that occur upon peptide association. The spectral resolution in (31)P and (14)N MAS NMR spectra is sufficient to probe directly the negatively charged phosphate and positively charged choline segment of the electrostatic P(-)-O-CH(2)-CH(2)-N(+)(CH(3))(3) headgroup dipole of zwitterionic DMPC (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) in mixed-lipid systems...