Colon

The Mediterranean Sea has suffered recently from the unprecedent invasion of the alien macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae due to global warming and climate change putting at risk the natural local ecosystem. Since 2015 this alga has colonized a great area on the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea and it has been also spotted in other areas such as the Azores Islands or the south of France. The arrival of alga tides into the coasts also provokes collateral environmental problems that need to be addressed. Seaweed-based biorefineries are considered a promising alternative within a circular economy model...

Ectotherms have peculiar relationships with microorganisms. For instance, bacteria are recovered from the blood and internal organs of healthy teleosts. However, the presence of microbial communities in the healthy teleost brain has not been proposed. Here, we report a living bacterial community in the brain of healthy salmonids with bacterial loads comparable to those of the spleen and 1000-fold lower than in the gut. Brain bacterial communities share >50% of their diversity with gut and blood bacterial communities...

The interplay between geographic barriers and climatic oscillations over the past 2.6 million years structured genetic variation at the continental scale. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages (GLQ) hypothesis outlines this phenomenon for Europe, but a comprehensive data-driven assessment is lacking. Using innovative genetic landscape methods, we model the GLQ in the West Palearctic based on 31,653 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences from 494 butterfly species and three functional traits...

We investigated consequences of resistance acquisition in Escherichia coli clinical isolates during anaerobic (continuous culture) growth and examined their sensitivity to butyrate, a hallmark metabolite of healthy gut microbiota. Strains were stratified based on carrying either a carbapenemase (CARB) or displaying porin malfunctioning (POR). POR displayed markedly altered growth efficiencies, lower membrane stability and increased sensitivity to butyrate compared with CARB. Major differences in global gene expression between the two groups during anaerobic growth were revealed involving increased expression of alternative substrate influx routes, the stringent response and iron acquisition together with lower expression of various stress response systems in POR...

BACKGROUND: Colonic metastasis from lung cancer is very rare and is typically associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we report the case of a patient who achieved intermediate-term survival using a multimodal treatment approach, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection for obstructive colonic metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A woman in her 50s presented with anemia and a positive fecal occult blood test...

This study investigates the potential of five compounds as novel anticancer agents. We examined their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and impact on various cancer cell lines, through a comprehensive set of experiments. Notably, compound 3e demonstrated superior activity compared to the positive control cisplatin, with a GI50 value of 6.3±0.7 μM against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Compound 3b also displayed remarkable growth inhibition, yielding GI50 values of 8.7±0.2 μM (MCF-7) and 8...

UNLABELLED: This study explores the effects of disinfectant and antibiotic exposure on gut health, focusing on gut microbiota balance and gut immune function. Our analysis indicates that disinfectants increase the proportion of Gram-positive bacteria, particularly increasing Staphylococcus levels, while antibiotics increase the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Bacteroides levels. These changes disrupt microbial harmony and affect the gut microbiome's functional capacity...

UNLABELLED: Specialized host-microbe symbioses are ecological communities, whose composition is shaped by various processes. Microbial community assembly in these symbioses is determined in part by interactions between taxa that colonize ecological niches available within habitat patches. The outcomes of these interactions, and by extension the trajectory of community assembly, can display priority effects-dependency on the order in which taxa first occupy these niches. The underlying mechanisms of these phenomena vary from system to system and are often not well resolved...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: The number of test translations and adaptations has risen exponentially over the last two decades, and these processes are now becoming a common practice. The International Test Commission (ITC) Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition, 2017) offer principles and practices to ensure the quality of translated and adapted tests. However, they are not specific to the cognitive processes examined with clinical neuropsychological measures. The aim of this publication is to provide a specialized set of recommendations for guiding neuropsychological test translation and adaptation procedures...

Tumor malignancy highly depends on the stiffness of tumor matrix, which mainly consists of collagen. Despite the destruction of tumor matrix is conducive to tumor therapy, it causes the risk of tumor metastasis. Here, metal-anesthetic network-coated dormant collagenase-producing Clostridium is constructed to simultaneously destruct tumor matrix and inhibit tumor metastasis. By metal-phenolic complexation and π-π stacking interactions, a Fe3+ -propofol network is formed on bacterial surface. Coated dormant Clostridium can selectively germinate and rapidly proliferate in tumor sites due to the ability of carried Fe3+ ions to promote bacterial multiplication...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used antihypertensive drugs. However, the impact that the use of ACEI and ARB drugs will have on the survival of patients with hypertension and cancer is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ACEI and ARB use on the survival of patients with cancer. The Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were used to systematically analyze the survival of hypertensive patients with cancer treated with ACEIs or ARBs...

Diversion of the faecal stream is associated with diversion colitis (DC). Preliminary studies indicate that microbiome dysbiosis contributes to its development and potentially treatment. This review aims to characterise these changes in the context of faecal diversion and identify their clinical impact. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases using a predefined search strategy identifying studies investigating changes in microbiome following diversion. Findings reported according to PRISMA guidelines...

Bovine dairy foods provide several essential nutrients. Fermented bovine dairy foods contain additional compounds, increasing their potential to benefit gastrointestinal health. This review explores the effects of dairy consumption on the gut microbiome and symptoms in gastrointestinal disease cohorts. Human subjects with common gastrointestinal diseases (functional gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory bowel disease) or associated symptoms, and equivalent animal models were included. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science...

INTRODUCTION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen. Metallo-β-lactamase producing PA (MBL-PA) poses a problematic issue given limited available treatments. In Argentina, it accounts for less than one percent of healthcare-associated infections. OBJECTIVES: To describe an outbreak of verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit (HSCTU), and the strategies implemented to control it...

BACKGROUND: We investigated trends in Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteremia incidence stratified by methicillin susceptibility (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] vs. methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) and onset designation (community-onset [CO] vs. hospital-onset [HO]). METHODS: We evaluated the microbiological data among adult patients who were admitted to 267 acute-care hospitals during October 1, 2015, to February 28, 2020. Using a subset of data from 41 acute-care hospitals, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess patient demographics, characteristics, mortality, length of stay, and costs...

Colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) arises from prolonged inflammation of the inner colon lining. An alternative approach to treating or preventing CAC involves the use of natural products such as Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen or M. zapota, which has been studied for its medicinal and pharmacological properties. Previous research has demonstrated the anticancer effects of M. zapota leaf aqueous extract (MZLAE) on colon cancer cells. However, no animal study has investigated the effects of MZLAE on CAC. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential anti-inflammatory effects of MZLAE on CAC in mice...

OBJECTIVE: Swift and forced COAG with an electrosurgical knife are commonly used for intraoperative hemostasis in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). If bleeding cannot be stopped using an electrosurgical knife, cauterization is attempted using hemostatic forceps. Since April 2022, our hospital has started using Spray COAG for intraoperative hemostasis for colorectal ESD. This study aimed to provide evidence of the efficacy of Spray COAG for intraoperative hemostasis. METHODS: Colorectal ESD was performed for 320 lesions at our hospital...

INTRODUCTION: A diaphragmatic hernia (DH) is a defect within a part of the diaphragm that allows intra-abdominal contents to enter the thoracic cavity. Diaphragmatic hernias can be congenital or acquired later in life. The most common congenital DH is the Bochdalek hernia (posterolateral hernia), but the most commonly acquired DH is due to traumatic injury. These hernias are rare in adults and are typically diagnosed incidentally. Surgical repair is the standard of care; however, data regarding the surgical approach is scarce...