Spine

INTRODUCTION: The false aneurysm of the aortic isthmus is, given its severity and case fatality rate, a subject of interest in vascular surgery. The interest of this article is the analysis of the different characteristics of this pathology based on the study of a case report and on a review of the literature. CASE REPORT: This is a 21-year-old patient admitted for the management of a severe polytrauma following a fall from a cliff, causing him paraplegia following a fracture of the dorsal spine which is objectified on the CT bodyscan, which also shows the presence of a localized dissection with ruptured false aneurysm of the isthmus...

BACKGROUND: Instrumented fusion procedures are essential in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease to alleviate pain and improve neurologic function, but are being performed with increasing incidence and variability. OBJECTIVE: We implemented a training module for neurosurgery residents that is based on evidence-based criteria for lumbar fusion surgery and measured its effectiveness in the residents' decision making regarding whether patients should or should not undergo instrumented fusion...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of spinous process screws (SPS) in sub-axial cervical fixation. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on seven patients receiving posterior cervical instrumentation for sub-axial fracture dislocation or atlantoaxial dislocation from 2014 to 2015. Additionally, a biomechanical test was performed on seven fresh-frozen cadaveric spine samples (from the occiput to C7) from healthy human subjects with no history of spinal trauma...

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI). CTE is a tauopathy, in which cognitive decline is accompanied by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles of the protein tau in patients' brains. We recently found that mechanical force alone can induce tau mislocalization to dendritic spines and loss of synaptic function in in vitro neuronal cultures with random cell organization. However, in the brain, neurons are highly aligned, so here we aimed to determine how neuronal organization influences early-stage tauopathy caused by mechanical injury...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VF) in a selected urban population in Malaysia and to explore possible variables associated with VF in the study population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving community-living, healthy subjects aged between 45-90 years from the state of Selangor, Malaysia, were invited to attend a bone health check-up. Subjects with diseases known to affect bone metabolism or were on treatment for osteoporosis (OP) were excluded...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin A (BTA) on the development of hip dislocation and scoliosis, surgical rates for hip and spine, and mortality in cerebral palsy (CP). STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study was conducted using CP data from a Taiwan National Insurance Health Research Database. Diagnoses were defined using the International Classification of Diseases codes, 9th revision. Adjusted hazard ratios for outcomes were calculated using Cox regression analysis and adjusted for the following variables: BTA injection, sex, age, severities of CP, comorbidities, location, urbanization level, and level of care...

Orthopedic specialty hospitals may allow for more streamlined and efficient care, resulting in shorter lengths of stay, lower costs, and fewer complications. Surgical site infection can be a devastating complication of orthopedic procedures and is difficult to treat successfully, requiring substantial cost and resources. The goal of this study was to determine whether specialty hospitals had lower rates of infection than tertiary care institutions. Records were reviewed for patients undergoing primary total hip, knee, or shoulder arthroplasty and single-level lumbar fusion from 2010 to 2017 at 2 academic tertiary hospitals and 2 specialty hospitals...

The effects of radiation therapy and laminectomy on the growing spine have been well documented. Due to compromised bone quality after irradiation, spinal fusion has a high failure rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment of post-laminectomy and post-irradiation kyphosis in children using a vascularized rib graft (VRG) to augment anterior spinal fusion and posterior spinal fusion. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records for all patients treated at a single institution for post-laminectomy and post-irradiation kyphosis who underwent VRG to augment spinal fusions done between December 2003 and August 2015...

The scale morphology of a native goby, Awaous jayakari (Gobiidae) was studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The morphological descriptions were based on the scale's type, shape, and features of the anterior, posterior, and lateral fields. Further characteristics of the focus, circuli, radii, lepidonts, and cteni, were investigated. Morphometric indices were calculated for some scales. Shape variability of scales was high in different regions. However, the majority of scales displayed a polygonal shape (hexagonal and pentagonal)...

OBJECTIVE: To detail the qualitative fascial categories and fascial intersections of the forelimb of the dog to facilitate preoperative planning for superficial cancers. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative anatomical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Three male and four female mixed breed canine cadavers weighing approximately 20-35 kg. METHODS: The skin and subcutaneous fat were excised. Fascial planes were incised and elevated to allow exploration of their quality and borders...

PURPOSE: Pediatric orthopedic surgeons must accurately assess the skeletal stage of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients for selection and timing of optimal treatment. Successful treatment using vertebral growth modulation is highly dependent on skeletal growth remaining. We sought to evaluate the current-state use of the Sanders Skeletal Maturity System (SSMS) in regard to precision and accuracy. We hypothesized that pediatric orthopedic surgeons currently use SSMS with moderate precision and accuracy...

PURPOSE: Pelvic morphology dictates the alignment and biomechanics of the spine. Recent observations in different types of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis indicate that individual pelvic morphology is related to the spinal levels in which scoliosis develops: primary lumbar adolescent scoliosis is associated with a higher pelvic incidence (PI) than thoracic scoliosis and non-scoliotic controls. We hypothesize that adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) of the lumbar spine follows the same mechanical principles and is associated with a high PI...

Oxidative stress appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis-a serious complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). We evaluated the oxidative status in adolescent girls with AN and its potential relationship with bone mineral density (BMD). Girls with AN (n = 43) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20) underwent anthropometric and BMD examination. Markers of bone turnover, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status were measured. Participants with AN and controls did not differ in BMD at the lumbar spine (p = 0...

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features of 20 patients with malignant melanoma and to evaluate the survival and prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma in Korea. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The medical records of 20 patients with malignant melanoma treated between March 2004 and March 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were also reviewed. Outcome measures included local recurrence, metastasis, and tumor-related mortality...

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover study. OBJECTIVE: To compare exercise, the gold standard, to the postural garment PosturePlusForce® in the management of nonspecific cervical pain in women. We also analyzed both interventions with regards to baseline posture, use of pharmacological pain relievers, compliance, and comfort. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The prevalence of neck pain has increased during the last decade, preferentially affecting women...

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort analysis. OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of Parkinson disease (PD) on 2-year postoperative outcomes following cervical spine surgery (CSS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: (PD) patients are prone to spine malalignment and surgical interventions, yet little is known regarding outcomes of CSS among PD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy who underwent CSS were included; among these, those with PD were identified...

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time to surgical intervention and outcomes for central cord syndrome (CCS) patients. BACKGROUND: As surgery is increasingly recommended for patients with neurological deterioration CCS, it is important to investigate the relationship between time to surgery and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CCS patients were isolated in Nationwide Inpatient Sample database 2005-2013...

The vertebrate skeleton is composed of articulated bones. Most of the articulations are classically described using mechanical joints, except the intervertebral joint. The aim of this study was to identify a joint model with the same mechanical features as the cervical joints. On the neck vertebrae, six articular surfaces participate in the joint: the cranial part of the centrum and the facets of the two prezygapophyses of a vertebra articulate on the caudal part of the centrum and the two articular facets of the postzygapophyses of the previous vertebra...

Synaptopodin (SP) is localized within the spine apparatus, an enigmatic structure located in the neck of spines of central excitatory neurons. It serves as a link between the spine head, where the synapse is located, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the parent dendrite. SP is also located in the axon initial segment, in association with the cisternal organelle, another structure related to the endoplasmic reticulum. Extensive research using SP knockout (SPKO) mice suggest that SP has a pivotal role in structural and functional plasticity...

Incidental durotomies, or dural tears, can be very difficult and time consuming to repair properly when they are encountered in confined spaces. A novel dural repair device was developed to address these situations. In this paper, the novel device was assessed against the use of traditional tools and techniques for dural repairs in two independent studies using an intricate clinical simulation model. The aim was to examine the results of the two assessments and link the outcomes to the clinical use of the novel device in the operating room...