Rds

Background and objectives: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) frequently necessitates respiratory support. While non-invasive methods are typically the preferred approach, mechanical ventilation becomes necessary for patients with insufficient response. Our study aimed to compare two common respiratory support modes, volume-targeted mechanical ventilation and non-invasive ventilation continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), using electrical impedance tomography. Materials and Methods : Infants with very low birth weight and gestational ages of less than 32 weeks were eligible for inclusion in the study...

Background and Objectives : Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants commonly occurs due to the immaturity-related deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. Beyond prematurity, various environmental and genetic factors can influence the onset and progression of RDS. This study aimed to analyze three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ABCA3 gene to assess the ABCA3 gene as a candidate gene for susceptibility to RDS and overall survival in newborns and to evaluate the utility of MLPA in RDS neonatal patients...

Access to healthcare is multifaceted and poses significant challenges for individuals with chronic and rare diseases (RDs). This study aimed to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Perception of Access to Healthcare Questionnaire (PAHQ) among individuals with RDs. We conducted an evaluation of the PAHQ using a sample of 271 adults with an RD diagnosis. The 31-item instrument underwent evaluation including a comparison of three different confirmatory factor models (CFA). Subsequent steps involved item removal, reliability analysis (computation of Cronbach's alpha), and analysis of criterion-related validity...

UNLABELLED: Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) has emerged as a preferred method of surfactant delivery. Pioneers of this technique have described the use of direct laryngoscopy (DL) for MIST. With the increasing application of video laryngoscopy (VL) for neonatal airway management, it is speculated that MIST techniques can be adapted for use with VL. OBJECTIVE: To compare procedural success, operator ease of use, and complication of MIST using VL vs. MIST using DL...

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is extensively used for preterm infants experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Weaning from NCPAP includes direct weaning or gradually extending room air exposure. However, a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an alternative weaning method. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical outcomes of HFNC and progressively increasing room air duration as weaning strategies. This study enrolled 46 preterm infants with RDS receiving NCPAP support who underwent the cyclic use of NCPAP and HFNC weaning protocol as the HFNC group; a retrospective analysis included 87 preterm infants weaned from NCPAP by gradually extending room air duration as the room air group...

Exploring highly selective and stable electrocatalysts is of great significance for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into fuel. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure catalyst was developed by doping Pb single-atom (PbSA ) in-situ on carbon paper (PbSA100 -Cu/CP) through a low-energy and economical method. The designed catalyst exhibited abundant active sites and was beneficial to CO2 adsorption, activation, and subsequent conversion to fuel. Interestingly, PbSA100 -Cu/CP showed a prominent Faraday efficiency (FE) of 97 % at -0...

Developing vehicle finite element (FE) models that match real accident-involved vehicles is challenging. This is related to the intricate variety of geometric features and components. The current study proposes a novel method to efficiently and accurately generate case-specific buck models for car-to-pedestrian simulations. To achieve this, we implemented the vehicle side-view images to detect the horizontal position and roundness of two wheels to rectify distortions and deviations and then extracted the mid-section profiles for comparative calculations against baseline vehicle models to obtain the transformation matrices...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections may lead to severe consequences in infants born preterm with breathing problems (such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)) or congenital heart diseases (CHD). Since studies investigating the influence of different gestational age (WGA) and concomitant specific comorbidities on the burden of RSV infections are scarce, the present study aimed to better characterize these high-risk populations in the Italian context...

BACKGROUND: Nobiletin is a natural polymethoxylated flavonoid widely present in citrus fruit peels. It has been demonstrated to exert the effects of anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and improve cardiovascular function. Increasing evidences suggest that nobiletin plays an important role in respiratory diseases (RDs) treatment. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of nobiletin against RDs, such as lung cancer, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary infection, acute lung injury, coronavirus disease 2019, and pulmonary arterial hypertension...

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population group disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. In Rwanda, the HIV epidemic remains a significant public health concern, and understanding the burden of HIV and hepatitis B and C coinfections among MSM is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among MSM in Rwanda and identify correlates associated with HIV infection within this population...

AIMS: To explore public confidence in influenza vaccination through the use of attitudinal indicators, and study whether educational attainment is related to attitudes towards influenza vaccination. METHODS: Confidence in influenza vaccination was measured with three questions adapted from the Vaccine Confidence Project. These questions have been included in four study years of a Norwegian nationally representative telephone survey that cover influenza seasons 2016/17, 2019/20, 2020/21 and 2021/22...

The onset of critical rare diseases (RDs) in children is rapid and dangerous, accompanied by a high mortality rate, which brings a heavy burden to both families and society. Multiple malformations, neuromuscular diseases, metabolic diseases, and heart diseases are the most common types of RDs in children of China, often manifesting with multiple organ dysfunction. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of critical RDs in children face challenges such as prolonged diagnosis time, a high misdiagnosis rate, limited treatment modalities, and a significant disease burden...

The palladium-catalyzed sequential cross-coupling/annulation of ortho -vinyl bromobenzenes with aryl bromides generating phenanthrenes was characterized by density functional theory (DFT). The Pd(II)-Pd(IV) pathway (Path V) is shown to be less probable than the bimetallic pathway (Path I), the latter proceeding via the following six steps: oxidative addition, vinyl-C(sp2 )-H activation, Pd(II)-Pd(II) transmetalation, C-C coupling, aryl-C(sp2 )-H activation, and reductive elimination. The aryl-C(sp2 )-H activation process acts as the rate-determining step (RDS) of the entire chemical transformation, with an activation free energy barrier of ca...

BACKGROUND: Invasive mechanical ventilation contributes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common complication of prematurity and the leading respiratory cause of childhood morbidity. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may limit invasive ventilation exposure and can be either synchronized or non-synchronized (NS). Pooled data suggest synchronized forms may be superior. Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) delivers NIV synchronized to the neural signal for breathing, which is detected with a specialized catheter...

Patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) are prone to a number of comorbidities, particularly those affecting the respiratory system due to inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and inflammatory idiopathic myopathies (IIMs) often present with progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD). The prevalence of ILD varies among patients with RDs, with 11% in RA, 47% in SSc, and 41% in IIMs. Some diagnostic markers, including KL-6, cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and autoantibodies (anti-CCP), play a crucial role in assessing and predicting the course of pulmonary involvement in RDs...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Limited evidence exists on the comparative safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin against alternative glucose-lowering medications in individuals with type 2 diabetes with the broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk. The EMPagliflozin compaRative effectIveness and SafEty (EMPRISE) cohort study was designed to monitor the safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin periodically for a period of 5 years with data collection from electronic healthcare databases. METHODS: We identified individuals ≥18 years old with type 2 diabetes who initiated empagliflozin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) from 2014 to 2019 using US Medicare and commercial claims databases...

BACKGROUND: The neonatal mortality rate is a main indicator of the health and development of a country. Having insight into the cause of neonatal deaths may be the first step to reducing it. This paper depicts the cause of newborn deaths in Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on data from the national Iranian Maternal And Neonatal network to investigate all neonatal deaths in the country during the year 2019. The cause of death data were reported according to categories of birth weight, gestational age (GA), death time and place...

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2 has both theoretical and practical value in carbon neutrality, but its efficiency is far from the application requirements due to the lacks of understanding of reaction mechanism and rational design of catalyst. Herein, abundant electron-enriched lattice oxygen species were introduced into CeO2 catalyst by constructing a large number of point defects and crystal-terminated phases in the crystal reconstruction process. Benefitting from the modulation of acid-base properties by electron-enriched lattice oxygen, a much higher DMC yield of 22...

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme that regulates proliferating cell metabolism. The role of PKM2 in common diseases has been well established, but its role in rare diseases (RDs) is less well understood. Over the past few years, PKM2 has emerged as a crucial player in RDs, including, neoplastic, respiratory, metabolic, and neurological disorders. Herein, we summarize recent findings and developments highlighting PKM2 as an emerging key player in RDs. We also discuss the current status of PKM2 modulation in RDs with particular emphasis on preclinical and clinical studies in addition to current challenges in the field...

Particulate materials arising from road-deposited sediments (RDS) are an essential target for the control and management of surface runoff pollution. However, the heterogeneity of urban spaces hinders the identification and quantification of particulate pollution, which is challenging when formulating precise control measures. To elucidate the factors that drive particulate pollution in heterogeneous urban spaces, the accumulation of RDS on dry days and the total suspended solids during six natural rainfall events were investigated across three urban-rural spatial units (central urban, central suburban, and remote suburban)...