Bowel disease

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is caused by blood flukes from the schistosoma genus. Neuroschistosomiasis is the most severe form of schistosomiasis, which occurs when the host's brain and spinal cord react to the deposition of eggs, leading to neurological symptoms. Neuroschistosomiasis causes various signs and symptoms, such as myelopathy, radiculopathy, and elevated intracranial pressure. CASE PRESENTATION: A 12-year-old child from Ethiopia who presented with progressive weakness in his lower extremities that has been ongoing for 2 months...

OBJECTIVE: The cafeteria diet (CD), designed as an experimental diet mimicking the obesogenic diet, may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study delves into the influence of spirulina (SP) on obesity associated with colitis in Wistar rats. METHODS: The amino acids composition of SP was analyzed using HPLC-FLD. Animals were equally separated into eight groups, each containing seven animals and treated daily for eight weeks as follows: Control diet (SD), cafeteria diet (CD) group, CD + SP (500 mg/kg) and SD + SP...

BACKGROUND: Congenital ileal atresia is a rare neonatal disease, the most common type of intestinal malformation in newborns, and one of the most common causes of congenital intestinal obstruction. It can cause various digestive system symptoms, including abdominal distension, vomiting, abnormal bowel movements, etc. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening. A prenatal ultrasound examination can assist clinical diagnosis of congenital ileal atresia, and those with a clear prenatal diagnosis should undergo surgical treatment after birth...

To date, the underlying pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is undetermined. Disturbance of intestinal gut microbiota was implicated in many health diseases, including IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that probiotics play a beneficial role in restoring the balance of the gut ecosystem. This review searched multiple databases for relevant works that examined probiotics' possible benefits in adults with IBD. Probiotic mode of action in ulcerative colitis patients and Crohn's disease were examined with respect to probiotic strain, their benefits, and their advantages in adult cases...

BACKGROUND Jejunal diverticulosis are false diverticula of the small bowel that form from outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa. They are pulsion diverticula that are often asymptomatic and can be found incidentally during surgery. In some instances, jejunal diverticula could result in intestinal obstruction. Small intestinal volvulus is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction that results in a closed loop obstruction and is an indication for emergent surgical intervention. CASE REPORT We report a case of an 84-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department with abdominal pain and generalized weakness...

Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome. C. jejuni triggers disease by employing a range of molecular strategies which enable it to colonise the gut, invade the epithelium, persist intracellularly and avoid detection by the host immune response. The objective of this review is to explore and summarise recent advances in the understanding of the C...

Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood1-3 . Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium4 profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome and immunome in whole blood, plasma and 18 solid tissues in male and female Rattus norvegicus over eight weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9,466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms and 4 training time points...

Crohn's disease (CD) poses significant morbidity, underscoring the need for effective, non-invasive inflammatory assessment using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE). This literature review evaluates recent publications on the role of deep learning in improving MRE for CD assessment. We searched MEDLINE/PUBMED for studies that reported the use of deep learning algorithms for assessment of CD activity. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal adhesions are the most common surgical complication and without reliable prophylactics. This study presents a novel rat model for abdominal adhesions and reports pilot results of human placental stem cell (hPSC)-based therapies. METHODS: Forty-four (n = 44) male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g) were used in the experiment. Of these, thirty-eight (n = 38) were included in a preliminary data set to determine a minimum treatment effect...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of CD among Japanese people is increasing. One of the most frequent complications of CD is perianal fistulas. People living with CD may experience complex perianal fistulas, which can cause intense pain, bleeding, swelling, infection, and anal discharge. Despite medical and surgical advancements, complex perianal fistulas in CD remain challenging for clinicians to treat. CD patients living with perianal fistulas reported a negative impact on many aspects of their quality of life...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the progression of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) using transvaginal ultrasound surveillance of patients undergoing conservative management. DESIGN: Retrospective single cohort. SETTING: Australian tertiary university hospital PATIENTS: 122 women with endometriosis proven on transvaginal ultrasound who had not undergone surgical management. INTERVENTIONS: The progression of endometriosis lesions demonstrated on transvaginal ultrasound in women receiving conservative management over the course of 24 months...

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS), or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in which the bowel and internal abdominal organs are wrapped with a fibrocollagenous cocoon-like encapsulating membrane. While cocooning of the abdomen primarily manifests in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), it has also been reported to occur spontaneously. Remarkably rare, SEP may present with complete mechanical bowel obstruction in select cases...

Nanoparticles (NPs) could be uptake orally and exposed to digestive tract through various sources such as particulate pollutant, nanomedicine and food additive. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a global disease, induced disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier and thus altered in vivo distribution of NPs as a possible consequence. However, related information was relatively scarce. Herein, in vivo distribution of typical silica (SiO2 ) and titania (TiO2 ) NPs was investigated in healthy and IBD models at cell and animal levels via a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag labeling technique...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression is higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Inflammatory cytokines and the kynurenine pathway (KP) play important roles in IBD and associated depression. Aripiprazole (ARP), an atypical antipsychotic, shows various anti-inflammatory properties and may be useful in treating major depressive disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ARP on TNBS-induced colitis and subsequent depression in rats, highlighting the role of the KP...

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 50% of Crohn's disease (CD) patients develop intestinal strictures necessitating surgery. The immune cell distribution in these strictures remains uncharacterized. We aimed to identify the immune cells in intestinal strictures of CD patients. METHODS: During ileocolonic resections, transmural sections of terminal ileum were sampled from 25 CD patients and 10 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls. Macroscopically, unaffected, fibrostenotic and inflamed ileum was collected and analysed for immune cell distribution (flow cytometry) and protein expression...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is classified within the Herpesvirales order and is prevalent in 50%‒80% of the general population. Most carriers experience this infection without noticeable clinical symptoms. HCMV causes a lifelong latent infection that can be reactivated due to immune disorders and inflammation. The reactivation of HCMV becomes particularly significant when it coincides with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis in IBD patients was identified years ago, the role of CMV in triggering flare-ups, acute severe colitis, treatment resistance, and other outcomes in IBD patients experiencing CMV reactivation remains a subject of ongoing debate...

The small intestine represents a complex and understudied gut niche with significant implications for human health. Indeed, many infectious and non-infectious diseases center within the small intestine and present similar clinical manifestations to large intestinal disease, complicating non-invasive diagnosis and treatment. One major neglected aspect of small intestinal diseases is the feedback relationship with the resident collection of commensal organisms, the gut microbiota. Studies focused on microbiota-host interactions in the small intestine in the context of infectious and non-infectious diseases are required to identify potential therapeutic targets dissimilar from those used for large bowel diseases...

The gut microbiota is an integral part of the human metaorganism that is required to shape physiologic host immune responses including host defense against pathogens. Disease-associated gut dysbiosis has been characterized by blooms of pathobionts, which are bacterial species that can drive disease under certain conditions. Pathobionts like Enterobacteriaceae often bloom during flares of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are causally linked with IBD in murine models. In this issue of the JCI, Hecht and colleagues investigated how simple carbohydrates are causally linked to the bloom of the gut pathobiont Klebsiella pneumoniae, which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family...

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, this invasive procedure has a high burden for pediatric patients. Previous research has shown elevated fecal amino acid concentrations in children with IBD versus controls. We hypothesized that this finding could result from increased proteolytic activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether fecal protease-based profiling was able to discriminate between IBD and controls. Protease activity was measured in fecal samples from patients with IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) n = 19; ulcerative colitis (UC) n = 19) and non-IBD controls (n = 19) using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-peptide library...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult to cure, and formulating a dietary plan is an effective means to prevent and treat this disease. Wheat peptide contains a variety of bioactive peptides with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. The results of this study showed that preventive supplementation with wheat peptide (WP) can significantly alleviate the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. WP can increase body weight, alleviate colon shortening, and reduce disease activity index (DAI) scores...