Mechanotherapy

Mechanotherapy, the application of various mechanical forces on injured or diseased tissue, is a viable option for tissue regenerative rehabilitation. Recent advances in tissue engineering (i.e., engineered materials and 3D printing) and soft-robotic technologies have enabled systematic and controlled studies to demonstrate the therapeutic impacts of mechanical stimulation on severely injured tissue. Along with innovation in actuation systems, improvements in analysis methods uncovering cellular and molecular landscapes during tissue regeneration under mechanical loading expand our understanding of how mechanical cues are translated into specific biological responses (i...

A 13-year-old female patient, presented with the chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. On examination and analysis of relevant records, she was diagnosed as an Angle's Class II malocclusion on a skeletal Class I base. It was decided to treat the patient with a nonextraction treatment approach with the help of maxillary molar distalization followed by fixed mechanotherapy.

Cells sense the biophysical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and adopt these signals in their development, progression, and metastatic dissemination. Recent work highlights the mechano-responsiveness of cells in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, approaches to mechano-modulating diverse types of cell have emerged aiming to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. These include targeting mechanosensitive machineries in cancer cells to induce apoptosis, intervening matrix stiffening incurred by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in both primary and metastatic tumor sites, and modulating matrix mechanics to improve immune cell therapeutic efficacy...

Most people who have undergone hip arthroplasty belong to the older age groups, so they often have signs of osteoporosis. A decrease in bone mineral density in combination with a decrease in local blood circulation caused by additional trauma to bone structures and surrounding soft tissues during surgery contributes to osteolysis, early instability of the endoprosthesis and increases the risk of periprosthetic fractures. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of the developed rehabilitation complex, including the combined effect of a physiotherapeutic factor (increased gravity) and antiresorptive therapy, in patients with osteoporosis who underwent hip arthroplasty...

As explained by Wolff's law and the mechanostat hypothesis, mechanical stimulation can be used to promote bone formation. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a source of mechanical stimulation that can activate the integrin/phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase/Akt pathway and upregulate osteogenic proteins through the production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ). This paper analyzes the results of in vitro and in vivo studies that have evaluated the effects of LIPUS on cell behavior within three-dimensional (3D) titanium, ceramic, and hydrogel scaffolds...

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic treatment with fixed mechanotherapy using appliances and permanent retainers bonded after treatment is a routine procedure performed in clinical dentistry. Patients with braces or retainers sometimes need to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for various reasons. Radiologists do not know the exact impact of the materials used in orthodontics on the diagnostic image quality of MRI scans. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different types of orthodontic brackets and permanent retainers on the diagnostic image quality of MRI scans...

Soft Tissue Manipulation (STM), a form of mechanotherapy, offers a clinical modality to examine and treat Neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) pain disorders and dysfunction. The, current STM practice is mostly subjective and reliant on anecdotal patient feedback and lacks quantification with objective metrics. This paper proposes Quantifiable Soft Tissue Manipulation (QSTM™), a sensor based computerized technological advancement in Soft tissue examination and treatment enabling new standard of practice in manual therapy...

At all stages of recovery after myocardial infarction (MI), the expansion of physical activity of elderly patients is one of the most important components. Of course, certain restrictions can reduce the load on the myocardium, reduce its oxygen needs and create conditions for early healing. Subsequently, depending on the dynamics and indicators of the cardiovascular system, the elderly patient is transferred from one stage of activity to another, the level of blood pressure, the number of heartbeats, the presence of arrhythmia, electrocardiogram data, EchoCG data, as well as individual load tolerance are evaluated...

CONTEXT: Smile aesthetics is one of the major goals to be achieved after orthodontic mechanotherapy as it visibly displays the results of orthodontic treatment. Although orthodontic retainers aid in maintaining post-treatment occlusion, soft tissue function and aesthetics, appropriate knowledge of smile changes with age can help orthodontists to obtain stable and aesthetically appealing treatment results. AIM: To assess and quantify soft tissue changes in the upper lip in vertical dimension at both repose and maximum smiling and to evaluate changes occurring with the smile index and upper lip with age and sex in subjects of Indian origin...

PURPOSE: This review aims to summarize the evidence for the role of mechanotherapies and rehabilitation in supporting the synergy between regeneration and repair after an orthobiologic intervention. METHODS: A selective literature search was performed using Web of Science, OVID, and PubMed to review research articles that discuss the effects of combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine. RESULTS: Various mechanotherapies can encourage the healing process for patients at different stages...

Medical rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VF) remains an insufficiently developed topic and requires additional research. Aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of back muscles training and balance therapy in rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Prospective, interventional, open-label, controlled study in two parallel groups, performed in inpatient department settings at "National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology" during 2018...

Recent advances in molecular engineering and synthetic biology provide biomolecular and cell-based therapies with a high degree of molecular specificity, but limited spatiotemporal control. Here we show that biomolecules and cells can be engineered to deliver potent mechanical effects at specific locations inside the body through ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation. This capability is enabled by gas vesicles, a unique class of genetically encodable air-filled protein nanostructures. We show that low-frequency ultrasound can convert these biomolecules into micrometre-scale cavitating bubbles, unleashing strong local mechanical effects...

BACKGROUND: There are non-invasive methods of correcting genu valgum (GV), but to date, there is no method to evaluate mechanotherapeutic intervention that does not restrict child's natural movements while the process is on-going so that timely decisions could be made on effectiveness of intervention. The aim of study was to develop and assess the comfortability of garments with elastic straps and pressure applicator (GESPA) and the reliability and user-friendliness of "GVcorrect" app, which aims to catch the elastic straps' pressure level (mN)...

Tendon disease constitutes an unmet clinical need and remains a critical challenge in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Innovative solutions are required to overcome the limitations of current tendon grafting approaches, and bioelectronic therapies show promise in treating musculoskeletal diseases, accelerating functional recovery through the activation of tissue regeneration-specific signaling pathways. Self-powered bioelectronic devices, particularly piezoelectric materials, represent a paradigm shift in biomedicine, negating the need for battery or external powering and complementing existing mechanotherapy to accelerate the repair processes...

The inability to fully recover lost muscle mass following periods of disuse atrophy predisposes older adults to lost independence and poor quality of life. We have previously shown that mechanotherapy at a moderate load (4.5 N) enhances muscle mass recovery following atrophy in adult, but not older adult rats. We propose that elevated transverse stiffness in aged muscle inhibits the growth response to mechanotherapy and hypothesize that a higher load (7.6 N) will overcome this resistance to mechanical stimuli...

The retention phase has become an accepted part of orthodontic therapy. Irrespective of the patient's age, underlying malocclusion or the type of mechanotherapy, an orthodontist will use some retention method in virtually every patient following completion of the active treatment. This article presents a short description of the history of orthodontic retention and highlights major developments in retention strategy.

Mechano-transduction is the procedure of mechanical stimulus translation via cells, among substrate shear flow, topography, and stiffness into a biochemical answer. TAZ and YAP are transcriptional coactivators which are recognized as relay proteins that promote mechano-transduction within the Hippo pathway. With regard to healthy cells in homeostasis, mechano-transduction regularly restricts proliferation, and TAZ and YAP are totally inactive. During cancer development a YAP/TAZ - stimulating positive response loop is formed between the growing tumor and the stiffening ECM...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the transfer accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer trays and compare them with transfer trays made up of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) for use in indirect bonding. DESIGN: This was a two-arm parallel prospective randomised controlled trial. SETTING: The trial was undertaken at the outpatient department of a dental college. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 30 patients (18 men, 12 women) were randomly allocated to two groups...

Massage is anecdotally associated with many health benefits, but physiological and clinically relevant mechanisms recently have begun to be investigated in a controlled manner. Herein, we describe research supporting our hypothesis that massage can be used as a mechanotherapy imparting biologically relevant adaptations in skeletal muscle and improving muscle properties.

This case report demonstrates the successful use of intraoral distractor/hygenic rapid expander (HYRAX) for rapid maxillary expansion in anteroposterior direction with an adjunctive use of face mask therapy for anterior orthopedic traction of maxillary complex in a cleft patient with concave profile. The patient was a 13-year-old girl who reported with a chief complaint of backwardly positioned upper jaw and a severely forward positioned lower jaw. Therefore, a treatment was chosen in which acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion was done with tooth tissue borne intraoral distractor/HYRAX having a different activation schedule along with Dr Henri Petit facemask to treat maxillary retrognathism...