iron and magnetic resonance imaging

We developed an intrinsic hydrophilic single-atom iron nanobowl (Fe-SANB) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided tumor microenvironment-triggered cancer therapy. Benefiting from the sufficient exposure of Fe single atoms and the intrinsic hydrophilicity of the bowl-shaped structure, the Fe-SANBs exhibited a superior performance for T 1 -weighted MRI with an r 1 value of 11.48 mM-1 s-1 , which is 3-fold higher than that of the commercial Gd-DTPA ( r 1 = 3.72 mM-1 s-1 ). After further coembedding Gd single atoms in the nanobowls, the r 1 value can be greatly improved to 19...

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Quantitative susceptibility mapping is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures brain tissues' magnetic susceptibility, including iron deposition and myelination. This study examines the relationship between subcortical volume and magnetic susceptibility and determines specific differences in these measures among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), patients with schizophrenia, and healthy controls (HCs). This was a cross-sectional study. Sex- and age- matched patients with MDD (n = 49), patients with schizophrenia (n = 24), and HCs (n = 50) were included...

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has attracted considerable interest for tissue characterization (e.g., iron and calcium accumulation, myelination, venous vasculature) in the human brain and relies on extensive data processing of gradient-echo MRI phase images. While deep learning-based field-to-susceptibility inversion has shown great potential, the acquisition parameters applied in clinical settings such as image resolution or image orientation with respect to the magnetic field have not been fully accounted for...

Non-invasive image-guided precise photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) has been proven to be an effective local treatment modality but incompetent against metastases. Hence, the combination of local PTT/PDT and systemic immunotherapy would be a promising strategy for tumor eradication. Herein, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visualized PTT/PDT agent (SIDP NMs) was constructed, and the efficacy of its multimodal combination with a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor in the treatment of melanoma and metastases was studied...

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous microwave ablation (pMWA) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a microwave antenna placed at the tip of a needle to induce lethal tissue heating. It can treat cancer and other diseases with lower morbidity than conventional surgery, but one major limitation is the lack of control over the heating region around the ablation needle. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have the potential to enhance and control pMWA heating due to their ability to absorb microwave energy and their ease of local delivery...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells preferentially in the bone marrow. Currently, emerging chemotherapy drugs with improved biosafety profiles, such as immunomodulatory agents and protease inhibitors, have been used in clinics to treat MM in both initial therapy or maintenance therapy post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We previously discovered that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a water-insoluble natural compound, inhibited the growth of MM cells by inducing oxidative stress...

Despite major advances, our understanding of the neurobiology of life course socioeconomic conditions is still scarce. This study aimed to provide insight into the pathways linking socioeconomic exposures - household income, last-known occupational position, and life course socioeconomic trajectories - with brain microstructure and cognitive performance in middle to late adulthood. We assessed socioeconomic conditions alongside quantitative relaxometry and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging indicators of brain tissue microstructure, and cognitive performance in a sample of community-dwelling men and women (N=751, aged 50-91 years)...

Recently, gas therapy has emerged as a promising alternative treatment for deep-seated tumors. However, some challenges regarding insufficient or uncontrolled gas generation as well as unclear therapeutic mechanisms restrict its further clinical application. Herein, a well-designed nanoreactor based on intracellular glutathione (GSH)-triggered generation of sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) gas to augment oxidative stress has been developed for synergistic chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/sonodynamic therapy (SDT)/SO2 gas therapy...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and diagnostic efficacy of a 3D multiecho Dixon (qDixon) research application for simultaneously quantifying the liver iron concentration (LIC) and steatosis in thalassemia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study enrolled participants with thalassemia who underwent 3 T MRI of the liver for the evaluation of hepatic iron overload. The imaging protocol including qDixon and conventional T2* mapping based on 2D multiecho gradient echo (ME GRE) sequences respectively...

The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remains challenging, primarily due to the lack of a precise, effective imaging technique for comprehensively characterization. Addressing GBM diagnostic challenges, our study introduces an innovative dual-modal imaging that merges near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method employs superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with NIR fluorescent dyes, specifically Cyanine 7, and targeted peptides. This synthetic probe facilitates MRI functionality through superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, provides NIR imaging capability via Cyanine 7 and enhances tumor targeting trough peptide interactions, offering a comprehensive diagnostic tool for GBM...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of left atrial (LA) strain parameters with demographics, clinical data, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings, and cardiac complications (heart failure and arrhythmias) in a cohort of patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We considered 264 β-TM patients (133 females, 36.79 ± 11.95 years) consecutively enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia (E-MIOT) project...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of hyperphosphatemia, where uremic toxins like inorganic phosphate (Pi) induce a cardiovascular remodeling. Related disorders like atherosclerosis bear the risk of increased morbidity and mortality. We previously found that Pi stimulates the synthesis and sulfation of the negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Similar GAG alterations were detected in VSMC-derived exosome-like extracellular vesicles (EV)...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is increased in carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and decreased in ε2 allele carriers compared with the ε3ε3 genotype. The aim of this study was to determine whether: the APOE genotype affects brain grey (GM) or white matter (WM) structure; and if differences exist, the age when they become apparent and whether there are differential effects by sex. We used cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging data from ~43,000 (28,494 after pre-processing) white British cognitively healthy participants (7,446 APOE ε4 carriers) aged 45-80 years from the UK Biobank cohort and investigated image-derived phenotypes (IDPs)...

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique able to depict the magnetic susceptibility produced by different substances, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron. The main application of SWI in clinical neuroimaging is detecting microbleedings and venous vasculature. Quantitative analyses of SWI have been developed over the last few years, aimed to offer new parameters, which could be used as neuroimaging biomarkers. Each technique has shown pros and cons, but no gold standard exists yet...

BACKGROUND: Despite the higher sensitivity of melanoma towards ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT), the lack of efficient ferroptosis inducers and the poor solubility of photosensitizers restrict their synergistic strategies. With unique advantages, carbon dots (CDs) are expected to serve as innovative building blocks for combination therapy of cancers. RESULTS: Herein, an ferroptosis/PDT integrated nanoplatform for melanoma therapy is constructed based on chlorin e6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs@Ce6)...

RATIONALE: Compound heterozygotes for deletional β-thalassemia can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse clinical presentations and no routine screenings. This can lead to disease progression and delay in treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS: We reported pedigree analysis and genetic research in a family with rare β-thalassemia. DIAGNOSIS: Pedigree analysis and genetic research demonstrated that the patient was a compound heterozygote for β-thalassemia CD17/Southeast Asian hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin deletion, inherited from the parents...

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), a rare form of vascular neoplasm, is typically seen in children. In this paper, we report a unique case of KHE replacing bone marrow tissue mimicking myeloproliferative neoplasm with additional involvement in the lung, liver, and brain in a 60-year-old Caucasian woman. The patient was initially seen in the hematology department for the chief complaint of epigastric pain and anemia. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed mild splenomegaly with iron deposition secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis...

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure (HF) are correlated with iron status; however, the causality is uncertain. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction population. METHODS: Transferrin saturation (TSAT), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association studies...

The complexity and heterogeneity of individual tumors have hindered the efficacy of existing therapeutic cancer vaccines, sparking intensive interest in the development of more effective in situ vaccines. Herein, we introduce a cancer nanovaccine for reactive oxygen species-augmented metalloimmunotherapy in which FeAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) is used as a delivery vehicle with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as cargo. The LDH framework is acid-labile and can be degraded in the tumor microenvironment, releasing iron ions, aluminum ions, and DHA...