MRSA bacteremia

Efforts to curtail the escalating health threat posed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a formidable superbug, necessitate the development of innovative treatment strategies. Leveraging potential compounds from natural sources in tandem with antibiotics has emerged as a promising approach against MRSA. These strategies should enhance the antibiotic efficacy, reduce dosage and toxicity, and bypass MRSA resistance. In this study, we used a checkerboard assay to illustrate the significant synergistic anti-MRSA effect of shikimic acid (SA), a naturally occurring compound, and ceftiofur (CF)...

This case report describes an 86-year-old female patient who presented with complex post-surgical complications following orthopedic surgery for a femoral neck fracture. Initially diagnosed with septic shock due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia at the surgical site, the patient's treatment course was complicated, involving multiple hospital transfers and varying treatments, including antibiotics and surgical drainage. Despite the absence of infection indicators post treatment, the patient later developed severe thigh pain and was found to have migratory pseudogout, an unusual diagnosis in the context of MRSA and post-surgical complications...

OBJECTIVES: This study focused on children with confirmed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to determine MRSA screening utility in guiding empirical anti-MRSA treatment of children without history of MRSA infection. We examined the concordance of screens to assess differences by infection type and used statistical analysis to determine significant contributors to concordance. METHODS: Pediatric hospital patients admitted from 2002 through 2022 were included...

Modern medicine continues to struggle against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Among the pathogens of critical concerns are the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae . These pathogens are major causes of nosocomial infections among immunocompromised individuals, involving major organs such as lung, skin, spleen, kidney, liver, and bloodstream. Therefore, novel approaches are direly needed. Recently, we developed an amphiphilic dendrimer DDC18-8A exhibiting high antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy in vitro ...

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an acute necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma, collecting system, and surrounding perinephric tissue, characterized by the presence of gas within these locations on imaging. It is associated with high mortality rates and is often found in diabetic patients. We present the case of a 60-year-old female, with a past history of Von Willebrand disease and hypertension, who presented to our emergency department complaining of acute-on-chronic right knee, left hip, and paraspinal lumbar back pain with an increased frequency of falling for approximately one week...

Blood bactericidal activity and antimicrobial therapy are crucial against catheter-related infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). It is well-known that catheters colonized by biofilm-producing bacteria are a risk factor for bacteremia in HD-patients. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia in HD-patients justify the use of vancomycin as empiric therapy. The recommended vancomycin target for therapeutic efficacy is a minimum serum concentration of 10 µg mL-1 to avoid resistance...

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively describe the patterns of use of dalbavancin for treating infections in diabetic patients in Italian and Spanish standard clinical practice. METHODS: DALBADIA [NCT04959799] was a multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study, conducted in Italy and Spain. The study enrolled 97 adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, treated with dalbavancin as per standard clinical practice for a Gram-positive bacterial infection or the Gram-positive component of a mixed infection...

INTRODUCTION: Recommended duration of antibiotic treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteramia (SAB) is frequently based on distinguishing uncomplicated and complicated SAB, and several risk factors at the onset of infection have been proposed to define complicated SAB. Predictive values of risk factors for complicated SAB have not been validated, and consequences of their use on antibiotic prescriptions are unknown. METHODS: In a prospective cohort, patients with SAB were categorized as complicated or uncomplicated through adjudication (reference definition)...

INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remain a major challenge in most countries worldwide. SETTING: We describe a quasi-experimental sequential intervention at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, to reduce hyper-prevalence of healthcare-associated MRSA bacteremia (HA-MRSA-B). INTERVENTIONS: The hospital initiated a hand hygiene (HH) campaign in 2008 to improve alcohol hand rub (AHR) use. In 2011, this was followed by root cause analysis (RCA) of all HA-MRSA-B cases and finally universal MRSA admission screening in 2014...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of nosocomial infections in children under 12 years old. DATA SOURCES: This is a systematic review in which five randomized clinical trials about the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin, involving a total of 429 children with nosocomial infections, were evaluated. They were searched in scientific databases: PubMed, Bvs, and SciELO. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: The main nosocomial infections that affected children were bacteremia, skin, and soft tissue infections followed by nosocomial pneumonia...

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria complicate treatment options in neonatal sepsis, especially in developing countries. This study determined the epidemiology and bacteriological characteristics of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary hospital, in southwest Nigeria. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study from December 2017 to April 2019 among admitted babies with clinical neonatal sepsis. Blood culture was performed by semi-automated system, sepsis biomarker assay (serum procalcitonin) by a semi-quantitative kit while proforma was used to capture clinico-demographic data...

Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin used for different Gram-positive bacterial infections. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted in real-life clinical patients to assess the adequacy of current dosages. Population pharmacokinetics was conducted using non-linear mixed effect modeling. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of free trough or steady-state concentration over MIC ( f Ctrough /MIC or f Css /MIC) ≥ 1 or ≥4 associated with both the standard and intensified dosing regimens adjusted for renal function...

Daptomycin (DAP) represents an interesting alternative to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Different mechanisms of DAP resistance have been described; however, in vivo-acquired resistance is uncharacterized. This study described the phenotypic and genotypic evolution of MRSA strains that became resistant to DAP in two unrelated patients with bacteremia under DAP treatment, in two hospitals in the South of France. DAP MICs were determined using broth microdilution method on the pairs of isogenic (DAP-S/DAP-R) S...

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is one of the most common serious bacterial infections worldwide. In this study, we demonstrated changes in SAB epidemiology in an Argentinean University Hospital during an 8-year period (2009-2016). A total of 326 S. aureus clinical isolates were recovered in three periods: P1: 2009-2010, P2: 2012-2014, and P3: 2015-2016. Among these, 127 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods. We hereby report a significant decline in multiple drug resistance among MRSA isolates associated with an increase in SCC mec IV between the three periods...

Staphylococcus aureus causes serious clinical infections, including bacteremia and endocarditis. When clinicians suspect these diseases, they prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics like vancomycin and then adjust treatment based on antimicrobial susceptibility test results. However, these results reflect the infection's state before treatment and do not account for any potential changes in its antibiotic response arising from intervening evolution. Thus, an initial test may indicate that the infection is susceptible to a particular drug, but this recommendation may be tentative...

Infectious aortitis is a rare disease process that presents with mortality varying from 60% to 90%, even with aggressive treatment. This is a case involving a 69-year-old male who initially presented for acute encephalopathy. The patient's past medical history included coronary disease status post coronary bypass graft, abdominal aortic aneurysm status post endograft repair, prurigo nodularis, Tangier's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and stage 3b chronic kidney disease. Initially, the work-up was unrevealing for a cause of the patient's acute encephalopathy...

There is currently no specific and effective treatment for bacteremia-mediated sepsis. Hence, this study engineered a combinatorial nanosystem containing neutrophil-targeted roflumilast-loaded nanocarriers and non-targeted fusidic acid-loaded nanoparticles to enable the dual mitigation of bacteremia-associated inflammation and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The targeted nanoparticles were developed by conjugating anti-lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G) antibody fragment on the nanoparticulate surface...

INTRODUCTION: According to the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 30%-50% of antibiotic use in hospitals is unnecessary or inappropriate. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further complicates antibiotic use leading to greater initiation of empiric antibiotics. The result is antibiotic overuse and increased duration of unnecessary therapy. Vancomycin is a drug of last resort, primarily relegated to the treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). De-escalating vancomycin can mean waiting on MRSA culture results, which may take up to 96 h...

Ceftaroline is a fifth-generation cephalosporin that can be used for the treatment of serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A rare adverse effect of ceftaroline therapy is thrombocytopenia. Our case involves a 45-year-old male with active intravenous drug usage who presented with persistent fever, lower back pain, and left elbow pain. His bloodcultures were found to be positive for MRSA. He was initially started on vancomycin; subsequently, the antibiotic was changed to daptomycin and ceftaroline, as vancomycin failed to clear the bacteremia...

β-Lactam antibiotics are the mainstay for the treatment of staphylococcal infections, but their utility is greatly limited by the emergence and rapid dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein, we evaluated the ability of the plant-derived monoterpene carvacrol to act as an antibiotic adjuvant, revitalizing the anti-MRSA activity of β-lactam antibiotics. Increased susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics and significant synergistic activities were observed with carvacrol-based combinations...