Fixator

Lotic ecosystems are sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere, but their emissions are uncertain due to longitudinal GHG heterogeneities associated with point source pollution from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we quantified summer concentrations and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), and dinitrogen (N2 ), as well as several water quality parameters along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal, two critical inland waterways in Germany. Our main objectives were to compare GHG concentrations and fluxes along the two ecosystems and to determine the main driving factors responsible for their longitudinal GHG heterogeneities...

Rubisco fixes CO2 through the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, enabling the synthesis of organic compounds. The natural diversity of Rubisco properties represents an opportunity to improve its performance and there is considerable research effort focusing on better understanding the properties and regulation of the enzyme. This chapter describes a method for large-scale purification of Rubisco from leaves. After the extraction of Rubisco from plant leaves, the enzyme is separated from other proteins by fractional precipitation with polyethylene glycol followed by ion-exchange chromatography...

The recent development of an infrared gas analyzer capable of making carbon dioxide flux measurements from aquatic samples has enabled a new sphere of photosynthesis research. This study details key photosynthesis measurements on four aquatic and hydrophytic species, diverse in their morphology, physiology, and habitat. This guide specifies the methods and procedures needed to make reliable and accurate gas exchange measurements, with examples of data correction and presentation.

Light is the driving force for photosynthesis. Two techniques are commonly employed to help characterize the relationship between the light environment and photosynthesis in plants.Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis is used to examine both the capacity for and the efficiency of the conversion of absorbed light into energy for photosynthesis. Additionally, gas exchange analysis is used to assess the utilization of that energy for carbon fixation. These techniques are used either in isolation or in combination to acquire light response curves that measure the response of the plant to sequential changes in irradiance...

BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment of patients with rib fractures requires identification of those patients at risk of pulmonary complications. It is also important to determine which patients would benefit from Surgical Stabilisation of Rib Fractures (SSRF). This study aims to validate two scoring systems (RibScore and SCARF score) in predicting complications and association with SSRF in an Australian trauma population. Clinical observation suggests that complications and criteria for SSRF is associated with anatomical and physiological factors...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We examined the allocation of visual attention in an association task by both neurotypical participants (n = 11) and adults with fluent aphasia (n = 12). RESEARCH DESIGN: Participants were presented with a picture (e.g., a basket) followed by a semantically related association (i.e., "strawberry") and an orthographically related association (i.e., "b," the first letter of "basket"). ANALYSIS: An eye tracker recorded their eye movements for three areas of interest (AOI): the picture, the semantic associate, and the orthographic associate, over 1396 observations...

BACKGROUND: Reasonable postoperative humeroradial and humeroulnar joint spaces maybe an important indicator in biomechanical stability of smart internal fixation surgery for coronoid process basal fractures (CPBF). The aim of this study is to compare elbow articular stresses and elbow-forearm stability under smart internal fixations for the CPBF between normal elbow joint spaces and radius-shortening, and to determine the occult factor of radius-ulna load sharing. METHODS: CT images of 70 volunteers with intact elbow joints were retrospectively collected for accurate three-dimensional reconstruction to measure the longitudinal and transverse joint spaces...

INTRODUCTION: Adjunctive screw fixation has been shown to be reliable in achieving acetabular component stability in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inferior screw placement on acetabular component failure following revision THA. We hypothesized that inferior screw fixation would decrease acetabular failure rates. METHODS: We reviewed 250 patients who had Paprosky Type II or III defects who underwent acetabular revision between 2001 and 2021 across three institutions...

It is a great challenge to restore northern mines after mining and achieve optimal results due to the extremely harsh environment and climate, as in Qinghe County of Xinjiang Province, China. Qinghe County has a climate of drought, cold, strong winds, and high altitude. After sand and iron mining, the soil in this area contains a large amount of sand and gravel with extremely low organic matter, nitrogen deficiency, and a high pH of 9.26. Our preliminary studies disclosed that only three plants, including Caligonum junceum, Atraphaxis virgata, and Melilotus albus Medic, can grow naturally in this environment without any artificial management...

This work aims to understand better the mechanism of cellular processes accompanying the activation of human T cells and to develop a novel, fast, label-free approach to identify molecular biomarkers for this process. Non-activated T-cell activation is a key method in cancer immunotherapy and involves the isolation of T-cells from a patient to perform a specific genetic modification. The standard methodology for confirming the activation state of T cells is based on flow cytometry, antibodies, and target antigens that provide high specificity detection but may show background staining or specific secondary antibody reactions...

Unobstructed binocular vision is required during the critical period of vision development to obtain optimal visual acuity in each eye and binocular stereopsis. In this article, we report 18-year follow-up of a full-term, otherwise healthy infant noted to have dense premacular hemorrhage occluding the visual axis in the left eye on retinal imaging performed 48 hours after birth. Serial examinations by the retina service were performed weekly for 10 weeks as the hemorrhage resolved spontaneously. Shortly thereafter, visual acuity revealed fixation was present, but the mother noted intermittent left eye esodeviation...

BACKGROUND: Intermittent exotropia is a common form of pediatric strabismus characterized by intermittent misalignment of the eyes. This study investigated the clinical effectiveness of alternating occlusion therapy as a non-surgical alternative for children aged 3-10 with intermittent exotropia. METHODS: A comprehensive review of recent research, including randomized controlled trials and case series, was conducted. These studies utilized standardized control scores to assess the impact of alternating occlusion therapy on both distance and near control of alignment...

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels are rising to alarming concentrations in earth's atmosphere, causing adverse effects and global climate changes. In the last century, innovative research on CO2 reduction using chemical, photochemical, electrochemical and enzymatic approaches has been addressed. In particular, natural CO2 conversion serves as a model for many processes and extensive studies on microbes and enzymes regarding redox reactions involving CO2 have already been conducted. In this review we focus on the enzymatic conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) as the chemical conversion downstream of CO production render CO particularly attractive as a key intermediate...

A novel bacterial symbiont, strain A19T , was previously isolated from a root-nodule of Aeschynomene indica and assigned to a new lineage in the photosynthetic clade of the genus Bradyrhizobium. Here data are presented for the detailed genomic and taxonomic analyses of novel strain A19T . Emphasis is placed on the analysis of genes of practical or ecological significance (photosynthesis, nitrous oxide reductase and nitrogen fixation genes). Phylogenomic analysis of whole genome sequences as well as 50 single-copy core gene sequences placed A19T in a highly supported lineage distinct from described Bradyrhizobium species with B...

The 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) pathway is one of the six known natural carbon fixation pathways, in which the carbon species used is bicarbonate. It has been considered to be the most suitable pathway for aerobic CO2 fixation among the six natural carbon fixation pathways. Mesaconate is a high value-added derivative in the 3-HP pathway and can be used as a co-monomer to produce fire-retardant materials and hydrogels. In this study, we use mesaconate as a reporting compound to evaluate the construction and optimization of the sub-part of the 3-HP pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae...

Readers of different ages and across different languages routinely process information of upcoming words in a sentence, before their eyes move to fixate them directly (parafoveal processing). However, there is inconsistent evidence of similar parafoveal processing in a reader's second language (L2). In this eye movement study, the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975a) was used to test whether parafoveal processing of orthographic information is an integral part of both beginning and proficient L2 reading...

In this study, two potential catalysts with double-B atom-doped atomic MoO2 (B2 /MoO2 ) and single-B atom-doped atomic MoO2 (B/MoO2 ) were designed and constructed. The thermodynamics and selectivity of two catalysts in the nitrogen fixation reaction were analyzed by a DFT calculation method. The results show that B2 /MoO2 shows better adsorption activation and reduction and can effectively activate nitrogen molecules by two adjacent boron atoms. It achieves an extremely low overpotential of -0.18 V and rapid NRR kinetics through an enzymatic mechanism...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric femoral fractures are common in emergency rooms, with treatment options varying by age. This study compares elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and plate fixation for diaphyseal femoral fractures in children aged 5-10. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conducted at Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, from December 2017 to December 2019, this prospective study included 32 children with closed transverse diaphyseal femoral fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: 16 treated with ESIN (Group 1) and 16 with plate fixation (Group 2)...

BACKGROUND: Humerus shaft fractures are common in orthopaedic practice. The emphasis in treatment has shifted from prolonged immobilisation to early mobilisation and internal fixation when needed for a quicker return to normal function. Internal fixation methods include plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing. This study specifically evaluated the effectiveness of flexible intramedullary nails in treating diaphyseal humeral fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 2007 and January 2010, Alexandria University Hospital treated 29 patients (21 males, 8 females) with diaphyseal humeral fractures...

The increasing carbon emissions is one of the important reasons for global warming. As a key area of carbon emissions, carbon sequestration capacity of cities is urgently needed to be improved. Carbon sequestration ser-vices can be transferred between supply and demand areas due to the circulation of atmosphere. With Linyi City as an example, we used the minimum cumulative resistance model to extract the matching path of supply and demand, and constructed a carbon sequestration ecological network. The results showed that the regions with high supply of carbon sequestration services were located in the north and south of the study area, and that current total supply could solve about 60% of the total demand...