Cefotaxim

The global spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a prominent issue in both veterinary and public health in the 21st century. The extensive use of amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, and consequent resistance development are particularly alarming in food-producing animals, with a focus on the swine and poultry sectors. Another beta-lactam, cefotaxime, is widely utilized in human medicine, where the escalating resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins is a major concern. The aim of this study was to simulate the development of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, focusing on amoxicillin and cefotaxime...

PURPOSE: Co-administering multiple intravenous (IV) agents via Y-connectors is a common practice in hospitalised and fasting surgical patients. However, there is a lack of reliable data confirming the physical compatibility of some combinations including IV oxycodone, a drug that is gaining increasing popularity in the perioperative period. Concern regarding physical drug incompatibilities precludes concurrent coadministration with other common drugs through a single lumen. This can result in the cessation of infusions to allow the administration of other medications, resulting in exacerbation of acute pain...

Synanthropic bird species in human, poultry or livestock environments can increase the spread of pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria between wild and domestic animals. We present the first telemetry-based spatial networks for a small songbird. We quantified landscape connectivity exerted by spotless starling movements, and aimed to determine if connectivity patterns were related to carriage of potential pathogens. We captured 28 starlings on a partridge farm in 2020 and tested them for Avian influenza virus, West Nile virus WNV, Avian orthoavulavirus 1, Coronavirus, Salmonella spp...

We report a case of epididymo-orchitis (EO) in a 12-day-old Saudi boy. The neonate, initially diagnosed with hydrocele post-delivery, presented with left scrotal swelling. Doppler ultrasound revealed normal testicles but an enlarged, echogenic left epididymis with pyocele. Despite initial therapy with amoxicillin and cefotaxime, a repeated ultrasound indicated compromised testicular vascularity, necessitating emergency surgical exploration. This revealed purulent discharge and inflammation, with Escherichia coli as a causative agent...

BACKGROUND: Temocillin is a narrow spectrum β-lactam active against MDR Enterobacterales. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to temocillin are poorly understood. We analysed resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and evaluated their impact on temocillin efficacy in vitro and in a murine peritonitis model. METHODS: Two sets of isogenic clinical E. coli strains were studied: a susceptible isolate (MLTEM16S) and its resistant derivative, MLTEM16R (mutation in nmpC porin gene); and temocillin-resistant derivatives of E...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a significant global health threat particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These regions often grapple with limited healthcare resources and access to advanced diagnostic tools. Consequently, there is a pressing need for innovative approaches that can enhance AMR surveillance and management. Machine learning (ML) though underutilized in these settings, presents a promising avenue. This study leverages ML models trained on whole-genome sequencing data from England, where such data is more readily available, to predict AMR in E...

BACKGROUND: There has been a rise in the consumption of fluoroquinolones in human and veterinary medicine recently. This has contributed to the rising incidence of quinolone resistance in bacteria. This study aimed at the determination of the antibiotic resistance profile of ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (FQEC) isolated from animal waste obtained from the waste dumps of an agricultural farm and their carriage of genes encoding PMQR. METHODS AND RESULTS: Isolation of ESBL-producing E...

Acinetobacter spp. are often isolated from natural sources, but knowledge about their presence in wild animals is fragmented and uncomplete. The present study aimed to characterize a series of Acinetobacter radioresistens isolated from Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Fifteen Humboldt penguins from an inhabited northern Peruvian island were sampled. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was established, and clonal relationships were determined...

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans through water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the management of leptospirosis. Despite the widespread use of antibiotic treatment for leptospirosis, there seems to be insufficient evidence to determine its effectiveness or to recommend antibiotic use as a standard practice. This updated systematic review evaluated the available evidence regarding the use of antibiotics in treating leptospirosis, building upon a previously published Cochrane review...

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae , a prominent human pathogen linked to various systemic diseases, includes non-typeable pneumococci marked by the absence of a detectable capsule. However, the majority of invasive infections are attributed to encapsulated strains. This case report details the first documented instance of invasive disease caused by non-typeable S. pneumoniae in Argentina since 2017. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old woman presented with haemorrhagic injuries attributed to chronic oral mucosa irritation...

BACKGROUND: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. METHODS: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer...

BACKGROUND: Food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is abundantly present in nature and accountable for sporadic and epidemic cases of listeriosis in humans. The objective of this study was to screen common food sources for L. monocytogenes using biochemical and molecular methods to detect and characterise its toxin genes as well as for biofilm formation. METHODS: A total of 92 samples, comprising dairy and street food products, were randomly collected from various sources for this investigation...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics notoriously perturb the gut microbiota. We treated healthy volunteers either with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone for 3 days, and collected in each subject 12 faecal samples up to day 90. Using untargeted and targeted phenotypic and genotypic approaches, we studied the changes in the bacterial, phage and fungal components of the microbiota as well as the metabolome and the β-lactamase activity of the stools. This allowed assessing their degrees of perturbation and resilience...

BACKGROUND: Cefotaxime is commonly used in treating bacterial infections in neonates. To characterize the pharmacokinetic process in neonates and evaluate different recommended dosing schedules of cefotaxime, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of cefotaxime was established in adults and scaled to neonates. METHODS: A whole-body PBPK model was built in PK-SIM® software. Three elimination pathways are composed of enzymatic metabolism in the liver, passive filtration through glomerulus, and active tubular secretion mediated by renal transporters...

Hiccups, also called hiccoughs, are sudden, involuntary and rapid expulsion of air from the lungs with synchronous closure of the glottis causing blockade of the air flow. Hiccups may be induced by a multitude of etiologies such as central nervous disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, psychogenic factors, and metabolic disorders. Hiccups induced by medications are rare. The diagnosis of drug-induced hiccup is difficult. The exact mechanism responsible for this adverse drug reaction is still unknown...

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia is a life-threatening condition commonly observed in patients with hematologic malignancies. The aim of this article is to provide updated knowledge about bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenia episodes within the Andean region of Latin America. METHOD: This retrospective study was based in 6 hospitals in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru and included adult patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma and febrile neutropenia between January 2019 and December 2020...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus from the pre-packaged pastries in Taizhou city. METHODS: 500 pre-packaged patries were collected in taizhou city market. 97 Bacillus cereus strains were detected from them by GB 4789.14-2014 method and identified with 4 houseking genes, then 13 virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method and the antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus to 19 antibiotics was detected by paper diffusion method...

BACKGROUND: Only about 50% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients reach a free trough concentration above MIC (100% fT > MIC) of beta-lactam antibiotics. Although dose adjustments based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be beneficial, TDM is not widely available. We investigated serum creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) as a rapid screening tool to identify ICU patients at risk of insufficient exposure. METHOD: Ninety-three adult patients admitted to four ICUs in southeast Sweden treated with piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, or cefotaxime were included...

We successfully developed a fluorescent drug sensor from clinically relevant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). The F70 residue was chosen to be replaced with a cysteine for conjugation with thiol-reactive fluorescein-5-maleimide to form fluorescent F70Cf, where "f" refers to fluorescein-5-maleimide. Our proteolytic studies of unlabeled F70C and labeled F70Cf monitored by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealed that fluorescein-5-maleimide was specifically linked to C70 in 1:1 mole ratio (F70C:fluorophore)...

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic concentration target attainment is known to be poor in critically ill patients. Dose adjustment is recommended in patients with altered clearance, obesity and those with bacterial species with intermediate susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of antibiotic concentration in critically ill patients with standard or adjusted dosing regimens. METHODS: The concentration of three beta-lactam antibiotics used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem, was measured in patients with confirmed or suspected infection...