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INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapy has shown encouraging outcomes in breast cancer (BC) treatment in recent years. The programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) transmembrane protein is suggested to function as a co-inhibitory factor in the immune response, where it collaborates with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to stimulate apoptosis, suppress cytokine release from PD-1 positive cells, and limit the growth of PD-1 positive cells. Furthermore, in many malignancies, PD-L1 reduces the immune system's response to neoplastic cells...

AIMS: Electronic health records (EHR) linked to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), biological specimens, and deep learning (DL) algorithms could potentially improve patient care through automated case detection and surveillance. We hypothesized that by applying keyword searches to routinely stored EHR, in conjunction with AI-powered automated reading of DICOM echocardiography images and analysing biomarkers from routinely stored plasma samples, we were able to identify heart failure (HF) patients...

The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome, stands as a reservoir of remarkable biodiversity. Its significance transcends ecological dimensions, given the direct reliance of the local population on its resources for sustenance and healthcare. While Myrtaceae, a pivotal botanical family within the Brazilian flora, has been extensively explored for its medicinal and nutritional attributes, scant attention has been directed towards its contextual relevance within the Caatinga's local communities. Consequently, this inaugural systematic review addresses the ethnobotanical roles of Myrtaceae within the Caatinga, meticulously anchored in the PRISMA 2020 guidelines...

Human mother milk is considered the most healthy and best source of nutrition for both premature and full-term infants, as it possesses many health benefits and is associated with its consumption. Some of the mothers are not able to produce an adequate quantity of milk to meet the required needs of the infants, particularly in cases involving premature births or facing challenges in breastfeeding. Especially for the most vulnerable premature infants, donor human milk (DHM) provides a helpful bridge for effective breastfeeding...

INTRODUCTION: The consequence of complete or partial uncompensated vestibular dysfunction in children is usually balance disorders, with the risk of falls and increased fatigue, particularly during tasks requiring postural control. The aim of these recommendations is to establish guidelines for vestibular rehabilitation (VR) in children with vestibular impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The guidelines were developed based on a systematic review of the international literature, validated by a multidisciplinary group of French-speaking otorhinolaryngologists, scientists, and physiotherapists...

BACKGROUND: Asbestos exposure can lead to asbestos-related diseases. The European Union (EU) has adopted regulations for workplaces where asbestos is present. The EU occupational exposure limit (OEL) for asbestos is 0.1 fibres per cubic centimetre of air (f/cm3 ) as an eight-hour average. Different types of personal protective equipment (PPE) are available to provide protection and minimise exposure; however, their effectiveness is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of personal protective equipment (PPE), including donning and doffing procedures and individual hygienic behaviour, compared to no availability and use of such equipment or alternative equipment, on asbestos exposure in workers in asbestos demolition and repair work...

The brain topology highly reflects the complex cognitive functions of the biological brain after million-years of evolution. Learning from these biological topologies is a smarter and easier way to achieve brain-like intelligence with features of efficiency, robustness, and flexibility. Here we proposed a brain topology-improved spiking neural network (BT-SNN) for efficient reinforcement learning. First, hundreds of biological topologies are generated and selected as subsets of the Allen mouse brain topology with the help of the Tanimoto hierarchical clustering algorithm, which has been widely used in analyzing key features of the brain connectome...

Super giant basal cell carcinoma (SGBCC), defined as greater than 20 cm in diameter, is a rare oncological entity, with scarce literature. The authors conducted a review to characterize SGBCC, specifically with regards to age, sex predilection, risk factors, geographical location, body site, metastasis, and treatment. A systematic literature search was conducted from 1972 to 2023. All abstracts, studies, and citations were reviewed. The initial result showed 47 281 articles and were filtered down for human, skin, English language, and SGBCC...

BACKGROUND: Children with autism exhibit a higher general and dental anxiety, due to altered sensory sensibilities. AIM: This current systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Sensory adapted dental environment (SADE) over regular dental environment (RDE) on behavioral, physiological stress and overt anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospero registered (CRD42024508336). PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus databases are searched from years January 1, 1980-January 1, 2024 using pre-defined search strategy...

Improvement of indoor air quality is beneficial for human health. However, previous studies have not reached consistent conclusions regarding the effects of indoor air filtration on inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the relationship between indoor air filtration and inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. We conducted an electronic search that evaluated the association of indoor air filtration with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus) from the beginning to April 23, 2023...

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) file separation during endodontic treatment is an undesirable event. This phenomenon needs to be understood by knowing the factors influencing fracture in endodontic files. There is a large amount of literature where these factors and their influence have been studied, increasing the knowledge about the mechanisms involved, mainly related to wire technology, file shapes and geometry, operator manipulation, the anatomy of the root canal, and the irrigation and sterilization processes. As many factors are involved, the complexity of the fracture phenomena increases and the isolated correlation of one factor with the file fracture becomes a small part of comprehending the separation phenomena...

INTRODUCTION: The oral cavity harbors an extensive array of over 700 microorganisms, forming the most complex biome of the entire human body, with bacterial species being the most abundant. Oral diseases, e.g. periodontitis and caries, are strictly associated with bacterial dysbiosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans stand out among bacteria colonizing the oral cavity. AREAS COVERED: After a brief overview of the bacterial populations in the oral cavity and their roles in regulating (flora) oral cavity or causing diseases like periodontal and cariogenic pathogens, we focused our attention on P...

OBJECTIVE: Determine the electrophoretic profiles of the extracts of Manihot esculenta, Actinidia Deliciosa and Persea Americana and their possible relationship with Latex-Fruit Syndrome. METHODS: Protein extracts of M. esculenta, P. Americana and A. Deliciosa were prepared through the processes of maceration and solvent extraction from plant samples. In the case of the avocado, a prior extraction by soxhlet was carried out to eliminate the fat. The extracts were vacuum filtered, dialyzed and finally lyophilized...

Lower limb amputation is a common orthopedic surgery in the United States and can be performed either above or below the knee. Prosthetics are typically externally fitted to the patient's residual stump; however, osseointegrated implants offer a potential alternative to this process. Transcutaneous limb osseointegration involves the intramedullary anchoring of an implant that can later attach to a prosthetic via a stoma in the residual limb. There are proposed benefits to this, including decreased skin and soft tissue complications as well as an increased sense of stability...

OBJECTIVE: To assess if there is a preferable intervention between retrograde ureteral stent (RUS) and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube, in cases of upper urinary tract stone obstruction with complications requiring urgent drainage, by evaluating outcomes regarding urinary symptoms, quality of life (QoL), spontaneous stone passage, and length of hospital stays, since there is no literature stating the superiority of one modality over the other. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and other sources for relevant articles in June 2019 without any date restrictions or filters applied...

Background: Bibliometrics can trace general research trends in a particular field. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), as a group of rare genetic diseases, seriously affect the quality of life of patients and their families. Scholars have devoted themselves to studying MPS's pathogenesis and treatment modalities and have published many papers. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric and visual study of the top 100 most highly cited articles to provide researchers with an indication of the current state of research and potential directions in the field...

Infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals are key intermediaries between hospital managers and frontline staff. During the novel coronavirus disease pandemic, IPC professionals faced new challenges. Unfortunately, research on human resource management (HRM) to support IPC during and between pandemics is lacking. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to elucidate the existing knowledge on HRM measures in this context and thus contribute to the pandemic preparedness of healthcare facilities. It was conducted as part of the "PREparedness and PAndemic REsponse in Germany (PREPARED)"-project within the Network University Medicine (NUM)...

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to revolutionize clinical practices, including improving diagnostic accuracy and surgical decision-making, while also reducing costs and manpower. However, it is important to recognize that these systems may perpetuate social inequities or demonstrate biases, such as those based on race or gender. Such biases can occur before, during, or after the development of AI models, making it critical to understand and address potential biases to enable the accurate and reliable application of AI models in clinical settings...

Urease, a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, plays a crucial role in various microorganisms, including the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori . Inhibiting urease activity offers a promising approach to combating infections and associated ailments, such as chronic kidney diseases and gastric cancer. However, identifying potent urease inhibitors remains challenging due to resistance issues that hinder traditional approaches. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated the ability to predict the bioactivity of molecules rapidly and effectively...

Background: It is reasonable to place an Inferior Vena Cava Filter (IVCF) when an acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs occurs in a patient with absolute contraindication to therapeutic anticoagulation. An additional potential reason for placing an IVCF is the need to stop therapeutic anticoagulation in a patient with acute DVT who must undergo urgent non-deferrable surgery. However, IVCFs are often used outside of such established indications and many authors argue about their actual utility, especially in terms of survival...