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REVIEW
Tihamer Molnar, Andrea Lehoczki, Monika Fekete, Reka Varnai, Laszlo Zavori, Szabina Erdo-Bonyar, Diana Simon, Tímea Berki, Peter Csecsei, Erzsebet Ezer
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has introduced the medical community to the phenomenon of long COVID, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms following the resolution of the acute phase of infection. Among the myriad of symptoms reported by long COVID sufferers, chronic fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and exercise intolerance are predominant, suggesting systemic alterations beyond the initial viral pathology. Emerging evidence has pointed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential underpinning mechanism contributing to the persistence and diversity of long COVID symptoms...
April 26, 2024: GeroScience
#2
REVIEW
Andreas Stallmach, Stefanie Quickert, Christian Puta, Philipp A Reuken
Like other infections, a SARS-CoV-2 infection can also trigger Post-Acute Infection Syndromes (PAIS), which often progress into myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). ME/CFS, characterized by post-exercise malaise (PEM), is a severe multisystemic disease for which specific diagnostic markers or therapeutic concepts have not been established. Despite numerous indications of post-infectious neurological, immunological, endocrinal, and metabolic deviations, the exact causes and pathophysiology remain unclear...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
#3
REVIEW
Jessica Cohen, Annette Mathew, Kirk D Dourvetakis, Estella Sanchez-Guerrero, Rajendra P Pangeni, Narasimman Gurusamy, Kristina K Aenlle, Geeta Ravindran, Assma Twahir, Dylan Isler, Sara Rukmini Sosa-Garcia, Axel Llizo, Alison C Bested, Theoharis C Theoharides, Nancy G Klimas, Duraisamy Kempuraj
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions of these disease pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These disorders show dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses, including activation of neurons, glial cells, and neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, as well as entry of inflammatory mediators through damaged neurovascular endothelial cells, blood-brain barrier and tight junction proteins...
March 14, 2024: Cells
#4
REVIEW
Sarah J Annesley, Daniel Missailidis, Benjamin Heng, Elisha K Josev, Christopher W Armstrong
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic illness often triggered by an initiating acute event, mainly viral infections. The transition from acute to chronic disease remains unknown, but interest in this phenomenon has escalated since the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-COVID-19 illness, termed 'long COVID' (LC). Both ME/CFS and LC share many clinical similarities. Here, we present recent findings in ME/CFS research focussing on proposed disease pathologies shared with LC...
March 4, 2024: Trends in Molecular Medicine
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rahel Susanne König, Daniel Henry Paris, Marc Sollberger, Rea Tschopp
BACKGROUND: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic disease of significant public health and clinical importance. It affects multiple systems in the body and has neuro-immunological characteristics. The disease is characterized by a prominent symptom called post-exertional malaise (PEM), as well as abnormalities in the immune-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunctions and disturbances in neuroendocrine pathways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ME/CFS on the mental health and secondary psychosocial manifestations of patients, as well as their coping mechanisms...
March 15, 2024: Heliyon
#6
REVIEW
Siqi Liu, Mengli Zhong, Hao Wu, Weiwei Su, Yonggang Wang, Peibo Li
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a severe epidemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have found that patients do not completely recover from acute infections, but instead, suffer from a variety of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. The effects of long COVID can be far-reaching, with a duration of up to six months and a range of symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, cough, diabetes, pain, reproductive dysfunction, and thrombus formation...
February 4, 2024: Microorganisms
#7
REVIEW
Shunya Nakane, Haruki Koike, Tomohiro Hayashi, Yuji Nakatsuji
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a disease of autonomic failure caused by ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) autoantibodies. Although the detection of autoantibodies is important for distinguishing the disease from other neuropathies that present with autonomic dysfunction, other factors are important for accurate diagnosis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the clinical features of AAG, highlighting differences in clinical course, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings from other neuropathies presenting with autonomic symptoms...
February 15, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Walitt, Komudi Singh, Samuel R LaMunion, Mark Hallett, Steve Jacobson, Kong Chen, Yoshimi Enose-Akahata, Richard Apps, Jennifer J Barb, Patrick Bedard, Robert J Brychta, Ashura Williams Buckley, Peter D Burbelo, Brice Calco, Brianna Cathay, Li Chen, Snigdha Chigurupati, Jinguo Chen, Foo Cheung, Lisa M K Chin, Benjamin W Coleman, Amber B Courville, Madeleine S Deming, Bart Drinkard, Li Rebekah Feng, Luigi Ferrucci, Scott A Gabel, Angelique Gavin, David S Goldstein, Shahin Hassanzadeh, Sean C Horan, Silvina G Horovitz, Kory R Johnson, Anita Jones Govan, Kristine M Knutson, Joy D Kreskow, Mark Levin, Jonathan J Lyons, Nicholas Madian, Nasir Malik, Andrew L Mammen, John A McCulloch, Patrick M McGurrin, Joshua D Milner, Ruin Moaddel, Geoffrey A Mueller, Amrita Mukherjee, Sandra Muñoz-Braceras, Gina Norato, Katherine Pak, Iago Pinal-Fernandez, Traian Popa, Lauren B Reoma, Michael N Sack, Farinaz Safavi, Leorey N Saligan, Brian A Sellers, Stephen Sinclair, Bryan Smith, Joseph Snow, Stacey Solin, Barbara J Stussman, Giorgio Trinchieri, Sara A Turner, C Stephenie Vetter, Felipe Vial, Carlotta Vizioli, Ashley Williams, Shanna B Yang, Avindra Nath
Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined, the pathophysiology is unknown, and no disease-modifying treatments are available. We used rigorous criteria to recruit PI-ME/CFS participants with matched controls to conduct deep phenotyping. Among the many physical and cognitive complaints, one defining feature of PI-ME/CFS was an alteration of effort preference, rather than physical or central fatigue, due to dysfunction of integrative brain regions potentially associated with central catechol pathway dysregulation, with consequences on autonomic functioning and physical conditioning...
February 21, 2024: Nature Communications
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Gil, George E Hoag, John P Salerno, Mady Hornig, Nancy Klimas, Liisa K Selin
BACKGROUND: Patients with post-acute sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC, i.e., Long COVID) have a symptom complex highly analogous to many features of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), suggesting they may share some aspects of pathogenesis in these similar disorders. ME/CFS is a complex disease affecting numerous organ systems and biological processes and is often preceded by an infection-like episode. It is postulated that the chronic manifestations of illness may result from an altered host response to infection or inability to resolve inflammation, as is being reported in Long COVID...
March 2024: Brain, behavior, & immunity health
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suguru Saito, Shima Shahbaz, Xian Luo, Mohammed Osman, Desiree Redmond, Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert, Liang Li, Shokrollah Elahi
INTRODUCTION: A group of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals present lingering symptoms, defined as long COVID (LC), that may last months or years post the onset of acute disease. A portion of LC patients have symptoms similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), which results in a substantial reduction in their quality of life. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of LC, in particular, ME/CFS is urgently needed. METHODS: We identified and studied metabolites and soluble biomarkers in plasma from LC individuals mainly exhibiting ME/CFS compared to age-sex-matched recovered individuals (R) without LC, acute COVID-19 patients (A), and to SARS-CoV-2 unexposed healthy individuals (HC)...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
#11
REVIEW
Zeinab Deris Zayeri, Mehdi Torabizadeh, Masoud Kargar, Hashem Kazemi
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 attacks the neural system directly and indirectly via various systems, such as the nasal cavity, olfactory system, and facial nerves. Considering the high energy requirement, lack of antioxidant defenses, and high amounts of metal ions in the brain, oxidative damage is very harmful to the brain. Various neuropathic pain conditions, neurological disorders, and neuropsychiatric complications were reported in Coronavirus disease 2019, prolonged Coronavirus disease 2019, and after Coronavirus disease 2019 immunization...
March 28, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asiya Kamber Zaidi, Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), refers to a constellation of persistent symptoms and health issues that continue beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. This chapter provides an overview of the pathogenesis, risk factors, manifestations, major findings, and diagnosis and treatment strategies associated with Long COVID. Hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of Long COVID are discussed, encompassing various factors such as persistent viral reservoirs, immune dysregulation with or without reactivation of herpesviruses (e...
2024: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna Rohrhofer, Lisa Hauser, Lisa Lettenmaier, Lena Lutz, Larissa Koidl, Salvatore Alessio Gentile, Davide Ret, Michael Stingl, Eva Untersmayr
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease characterized by profound fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), and neurocognitive dysfunction. Immune dysregulation and gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly observed in ME/CFS patients. Despite affecting approximately 0.89% of the general population, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between immunological characteristics and intestinal barrier function in ME/CFS patients...
January 3, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan J Carver, Kristy M Lau, Alexandra E Puckett, Alessandro Didonna
The hypothalamus is a brain structure that is deputed to maintain organism homeostasis by regulating autonomic function and hormonal production as part of the neuroendocrine system. Dysfunction in hypothalamic activity results in behavioral alterations, depression, metabolic syndromes, fatigue, and infertility. Remarkably, many of these symptoms are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by focal demyelination, immune cell infiltration into the brain parenchyma, and neurodegeneration...
January 4, 2024: Journal of Neuroinflammation
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaylin Huitsing, Tara Tritsch, Francisco Javier Carrera Arias, Fanny Collado, Kristina K Aenlle, Lubov Nathason, Mary Ann Fletcher, Nancy G Klimas, Travis J A Craddock
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating illness associated with a constellation of other symptoms. While the most common symptom is unrelenting fatigue, many individuals also report suffering from rhinitis, dry eyes and a sore throat. Mucin proteins are responsible for contributing to the formation of mucosal membranes throughout the body. These mucosal pathways contribute to the body's defense mechanisms involving pathogenic onset. When compromised by pathogens the epithelium releases numerous cytokines and enters a prolonged state of inflammation to eradicate any particular infection...
January 3, 2024: Molecular Medicine
#16
REVIEW
Kitselman A Kayla, Jérôme Bédard-Matteau, Simon Rousseau, Reza Tabrizchi, Daneshtalab Noriko
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been at the forefront of health sciences research since its emergence in China in 2019 that quickly led to a global pandemic. As a result of this research, and the large numbers of infected patients globally, there were rapid enhancements made in our understanding of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathology, including its role in the development of uncontrolled immune responses and its link to the development of endotheliitis and endothelial dysfunction...
December 1, 2023: Vascular Pharmacology
#17
REVIEW
Theoharis C Theoharides, Assma Twahir, Duraisamy Kempuraj
Mast cells (MC) are ubiquitous in the body, and they are critical for not only in allergic diseases but also in immunity and inflammation, including having potential involvement in the pathophysiology of dysautonomias and neuroinflammatory disorders. MC are located perivascularly close to nerve endings and sites such as the carotid bodies, heart, hypothalamus, the pineal gland, and the adrenal gland that would allow them not only to regulate but also to be affected by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). MC are stimulated not only by allergens but also many other triggers including some from the ANS that can affect MC release of neurosensitizing, proinflammatory, and vasoactive mediators...
November 10, 2023: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krystyna Taylor, Matthew Pearson, Sayoni Das, Jason Sardell, Karolina Chocian, Steve Gardner
BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a debilitating chronic condition that has affected over 100 million people globally. It is characterized by a diverse array of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and respiratory problems. Studies have so far largely failed to identify genetic associations, the mechanisms behind the disease, or any common pathophysiology with other conditions such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) that present with similar symptoms...
November 1, 2023: Journal of Translational Medicine
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katharine A Seton, Marianne Defernez, Andrea Telatin, Sumeet K Tiwari, George M Savva, Antonietta Hayhoe, Alistair Noble, Ana L S de Carvalho-KoK, Steve A James, Amolak Bansal, Thomas Wileman, Simon R Carding
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multisystemic disease of unknown aetiology that is characterised by disabling chronic fatigue and involves both the immune and gastrointestinal (GI) systems. Patients display alterations in GI microbiome with a significant proportion experiencing GI discomfort and pain and elevated blood biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability compared with healthy individuals. To investigate a possible GI origin of ME/CFS we designed a feasibility study to test the hypothesis that ME/CFS pathogenesis is a consequence of increased intestinal permeability that results in microbial translocation and a breakdown in immune tolerance leading to generation of antibodies reactive to indigenous intestinal microbes...
October 18, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#20
MULTICENTER STUDY
Franz Martín, Manuel Blanco-Suárez, Paola Zambrano, Oscar Cáceres, Miriam Almirall, José Alegre-Martín, Beatriz Lobo, Ana Maria González-Castro, Javier Santos, Joan Carles Domingo, Joanna Jurek, Jesús Castro-Marrero
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of the significance of gastrointestinal complaints in the impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier function and inflammation in fibromyalgia (FM) and in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). However, data on intestinal permeability and gut barrier dysfunction in FM and ME/CFS are still limited with conflicting results. This study aimed to assess circulating biomarkers potentially related to intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation and their association with self-reported symptoms in these conditions...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
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