Neural hypoxia

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia has been reported to impair psychological functions, such as working memory and decision-making. However, few studies have examined hypoxia's effect on social cognition. METHODS: Using a self-referential task, the present study investigated normobaric hypoxia's effect on the self-referential process. Additionally, we measured brain activity during the task with fNIRS and performed conventional univariate analysis with the general linear model (GLM) as well as homologous cortical functional connectivity analysis...

Brain maturity and many clinical treatments such as therapeutic hypothermia (TH) can significantly influence the morphology of neonatal EEG seizures after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and so there is a need for generalized automatic seizure identification. This study validates efficacy of advanced deep-learning pattern classifiers based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for seizure detection after HI in fetal sheep and determines the effects of maturation and brain cooling on their accuracy. The cohorts included HI-normothermia term ( n = 7), HI-hypothermia term ( n = 14), sham-normothermia term ( n = 5), and HI-normothermia preterm ( n = 14) groups, with a total of >17,300 h of recordings...

Sympathoexcitation is a hallmark of hypoxic exposure, occurring acutely, as well as persisting in acclimatised lowland populations and with generational exposure in highland native populations of the Andean and Tibetan plateaus. The mechanisms mediating altitude sympathoexcitation are multifactorial, involving alterations in both peripheral autonomic reflexes and central neural pathways, and are dependent on the duration of exposure. Initially, hypoxia-induced sympathoexcitation appears to be an adaptive response, primarily mediated by regulatory reflex mechanisms concerned with preserving systemic and cerebral tissue O2 delivery and maintaining arterial blood pressure...

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00028/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff Calcium influx into neurons triggers neuronal death during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Various calcium channels are involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cav3.2 channel is a main subtype of T-type calcium channels. T-type calcium channel blockers, such as pimozide and mibefradil, have been shown to prevent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury. However, the role of Cav3.2 channels in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear...

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Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) impairs white matter development and results in long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. Leveraging prior findings of altered neuronal proteins carried by brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are marked by a neural-specific cell surface glycoprotein Contactin-2 (CNTN2) in NE infants, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between brain and circulating CNTN2+ -EVs and whether NE alters circulating CNTN2+ -EV levels in mice. Brain tissue and plasma were collected from postnatal day (P)7, 10, 11, 15 mice to determine the baseline CNTN2 correlation between these two compartments (n=4-7/time point/sex)...

Single-cell CRISPR-based transcriptome screens are potent genetic tools for concomitantly assessing the expression profiles of cells targeted by a set of guides RNA (gRNA), and inferring target gene functions from the observed perturbations. However, due to various limitations, this approach lacks sensitivity in detecting weak perturbations and is essentially reliable when studying master regulators such as transcription factors. To overcome the challenge of detecting subtle gRNA induced transcriptomic perturbations and classifying the most responsive cells, we developed a new supervised autoencoder neural network method...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis and is highly metastatic. Our prior studies have demonstrated the critical role of axon guidance pathway genes in PDAC and the connection between neuronal development and the tumor microenvironment. A recent study newly identified 20 neuronal development genes [disks large homolog 2 ( DLG2 ), neuron-glial-related cell adhesion molecule ( NRCAM ), neurexin3 ( NRXN3 ), mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 ( MAPK10 ), platelet-derived growth factor D ( PDGFD ), protein kinase C epsilon ( PRKCE ), potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 ( KCNMA1 ), polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 ( PKHD1 ), neural cell adhesion molecule 1 ( NCAM1 ), neuregulin-1 ( NRG1 ), zinc finger protein 667 ( ZNF667 ), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ), acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase-3 ( ACSM3 ), complement 6 ( C6 ), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M ( PTPRM ), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha ( HIF1A ), adenylyl cyclase 5 ( ADCY5 ), adherens junctions-associated protein 1 ( AJAP1 ), neurobeachin ( NBEA ), sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 ( SCN9A )] that are associated with perineural invasion and poor prognosis of PDAC...

Neurodegeneration is linked to the progressive loss of neural function and is associated with several diseases. Hypoxia is a hallmark in many of these diseases, and several therapies have been developed to treat this disease, including gene expression therapies that should be tightly controlled to avoid side effects. Cells experiencing hypoxia undergo a series of physiological responses that are induced by the activation of various transcription factors. Modulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression to alter transcriptional regulation has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating multiple diseases, and in this study, we therefore explored potential miRNA candidates that could influence hypoxia-induced nerve cell death...

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00027/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options. Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord injury. Strikingly, hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs (HSEVs) exhibit increased therapeutic potency...

Ischemic stroke is typified by hypoxia and a cascade of pathophysiological events, including metabolic dysfunction, ionic dysregulation, excitotoxicity, inflammatory infiltration, and oxidative stress. These ultimately result in neuronal apoptosis or necrosis with constrained neuroregenerative capabilities. In this study, neural stem cells (NSCs) under conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro and following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo were explored. Transcriptome sequencing revealed a decline in NSC differentiation and neurogenesis after OGD exposure, which was related to cellular senescence...

Brief exposure to repeated episodes of low inspired oxygen, or acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), is a promising therapeutic modality to improve motor function after chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Although therapeutic AIH is under extensive investigation in people with SCI, limited data are available concerning cardiorespiratory responses during and following AIH exposure despite implications for AIH safety and tolerability. Thus, we recorded immediate (during treatment) and enduring (up to 30 min post-treatment) cardiorespiratory responses to AIH in 19 participants with chronic SCI (>1 year post injury; injury levels C1 to T6; American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A to D; mean age = 33...

A given dose of hypoxia causes a greater increase in pulmonary ventilation during physical exercise than during rest, representing an exercise-induced potentiation of the acute hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). This phenomenon occurs independently from hypoxic blood entering the contracting skeletal muscle circulation or metabolic byproducts leaving skeletal muscles, supporting the contention that neural mechanisms per se can mediate the HVR when humoral mechanisms are not at play. However, multiple neural mechanisms might be interacting intricately...

BACKGROUND: Neuronal injury in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the main pathogenic factor of vascular dementia (VD). Clinically, there isn't a drug specifically for VD; instead, the majority of medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) are also used to treat VD. Based on the proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Probucol, we hypothesized that it may have therapeutic effects on VD, but more research is required to determine its exact mechanism of action. METHODS: In vivo experiment: We used SD rats and most commonly used bilateral carotid artery occlusion (2-VO) in VD for modeling...

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles having a fundamental role in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate during neural development and maintenance.During embryonic and adult neurogenesis, NSCs undergo a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation with a rise in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, changes in mitochondria shape and size, and a physiological augmentation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species which together drive NSCs to proliferate and differentiate. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of proteins involved in cellular differentiation (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin), proliferation (Wingless-type), and hypoxia (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)-and all connected by the common key regulatory factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A-are deemed to be responsible for the metabolic shift and, consequently, NSC fate in physiological and pathological conditions...

Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence remain critical problems in resistant cases. Melanoma employs a multitude of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and successfully metastasize to distant organs. Concerningly, recent research also shows that tumor cells can disseminate early during melanoma progression and enter dormant states, eventually leading to metastases at a future time...

Volitional control of local field potential oscillations in low gamma band via brain machine interface can not only uncover the relationship between low gamma oscillation and neural synchrony but also suggest a therapeutic potential to reverse abnormal local field potential oscillation in neurocognitive disorders. In nonhuman primates, the volitional control of low gamma oscillations has been demonstrated by brain machine interface techniques in the primary motor and visual cortex. However, it is not clear whether this holds in other brain regions and other species, for which gamma rhythms might involve in highly different neural processes...

BACKGROUND: Pericytes (PCs), the critical components of vessels, are implicated in wound repair. This study aimed to explore the roles of PCs in wound healing and angiogenesis. METHODS: Skin PCs and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) were isolated from patients' upper eyelid skin. Immunofluorescence staining was used to characterize the morphology of PCs. Tube formation and transwell chemotaxis assays were performed to explore PC's tube-forming capability and chemotaxis...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels, such as wood, coal, gasoline, or natural gas. As incomplete combustion in a fire accident or in an engine, massively produced CO leads to a serious life threat because CO competes with oxygen (O2 ) binding to hemoglobin and makes people suffer from hypoxia. Although there is hyperbaric O2 therapy for patients with CO poisoning, the nanoscale mechanism of CO dissociation in the O2 -rich environment is not completely understood...

Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) have been used for thousands of years as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with sedative effects. Modern studies have shown that Citrus plants also have protective effects on the nervous system. However, the effective substances and mechanisms of action in Citrus TCMs still remain unclear. In order to explore the pharmacodynamic profiles of identified substances and the action mechanism of these herbs, a comprehensive approach combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and network pharmacology was employed...