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Interfacial engineering of synergistic catalysts is one of the keys to achieving multiple proton-coupled electron transfer processes in nitrate-to-ammonia conversion. Herein, by joining ultrathin nickel-based metal-organic framework (denoted Ni-MOF) nanosheets with few-layered hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne-supported copper single atoms and clusters (denoted HsGDY@Cu), a tandem catalyst of Ni-MOFs@HsGDY@Cu with dual-active interfaces was developed for the concerted catalysis of nitrate-to-ammonia. In such a system, the sandwiched HsGDY layer could serve as a bridge to connect the coordinated unsaturated Ni2+ sites with Cu single atoms/clusters in a limited range of 0 to 3...

Radiation therapy treatment planning requires balancing the delivery of the target dose while sparing normal tissues, making it a complex process. To streamline the planning process and enhance its quality, there is a growing demand for knowledge-based planning (KBP). Ensemble learning has shown impressive power in various deep learning tasks, and it has great potential to improve the performance of KBP. However, the effectiveness of ensemble learning heavily depends on the diversity and individual accuracy of the base learners...

OBJECTIVE: A capsule robot (CR) with an onboard active locomotion mechanism, has been developed as a promising alternative to colonoscopy due to its minimally-invasive advantage. Predicting the traction force and locomotion resistance of the CR, which are both the friction force, is significantly important for the CR development and control. However, a comprehensive study concerning the coefficient of friction (COF) in the colon, which is necessary for prediction, is not available in literature...

INTRODUCTION: Histotripsy is a non-thermal focused ultrasound therapy in development for the non-invasive ablation of cancerous tumors. Intracranial histotripsy has been limited by significant pressure attenuation through the skull, requiring large, complex array transducers to overcome this effect. OBJECTIVE: Recently, a biocompatible, polyolefin-based cranioplasty device was developed to allow ultrasound (US) transmission into the intracranial space with minimal distortion...

Implanted polymeric devices, designed to encourage tissue regeneration, require porosity. However, characterizing porosity, which affects many functional device properties, is non-trivial. Computed tomography (CT) is a quick, versatile, and non-destructive way to gain 3D structural information, yet various CT technologies, such as benchtop, preclinical and clinical systems, all have different capabilities. As system capabilities determine the structural information that can be obtained, seamless monitoring of key device features through all stages of clinical translation must be engineered intentionally...

[NiFe] hydrogenases can act as efficient catalysts for hydrogen oxidation and biofuel production. However, some [NiFe] hydrogenases are inhibited by gas molecules present in the environment, such as O2 and CO. One strategy to engineer [NiFe] hydrogenases and achieve O2 - and CO-tolerant enzymes is by introducing point mutations to block the access of inhibitors to the catalytic site. In this work, we characterized the unbinding pathways of CO in the complex with the wild-type and 10 different mutants of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio fructosovorans using τ-random accelerated molecular dynamics (τRAMD) to enhance the sampling of unbinding events...

SnGe4 N4 O4 was synthesized at high pressure (16 and 20 GPa) and high temperature (1200 and 1500°C) in a large-volume press. Powder X-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation indicate that the derived samples are mixtures of known and unknown phases. However, the powder X-ray diffraction patterns are not sufficient for structural characterization. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal crystals of several hundreds of nanometres in size with different chemical composition...

The molecule of anti-epileptic drug lamotrigine [LAM; 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine] is capable of the formation of multicomponent solids. Such an enhanced tendency is related to the diverse functionalities of the LAM chemical groups able to form hydrogen bonds. Two robust synthons are recognized in the supramolecular structure of LAM itself formed via N-H...N hydrogen bond: homosynthon, so-called aminopyridine dimer or synthon 1 [R2 2 (8)] and larger homosynthon 2 [R3 2 (8)]. The synthetic procedures for a new hydrate and 11 solvates of LAM (in the series: with acetone, ethanol: two polymorphs: form I and form II, 2-propanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, DMSO and dioxane) were performed...

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted primarily from the intestinal L-cells in response to meals. GLP-1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake. It has been proven that P9 protein from A. muciniphila could increase GLP-1 release and improve glucose homeostasis in HFD-induced mice. To obtain an engineered Lactococcus lactis which produced P9 protein, mature polypeptide chain of P9 was codon-optimized, fused with N-terminal signal peptide Usp45, and expressed in L. lactis NZ9000...

Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a major challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered with secreted Klotho (SKL) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. EAE was induced in mice. MSCs or MSCs engineered with SKL (SKL-MSCs) were administered to EAE mice at the onset of disease. Hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining were performed to evaluate histopathological changes. Expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was determined in the spinal cord using real-time PCR...

An extensive analysis of the distribution patterns of three distinct classes of semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs)-phthalates (PAEs), organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-across four distinct size fractions of dust (25, 50, 100, and 200 μm) was conducted. The dust samples were sourced from AC filter, covered car parking lots, households, hotels, mosques, and car floors. To generate the four fractions, ten dust samples from each microenvironment were pooled and sieved utilizing sieving apparatus with the appropriate mesh size...

The issue of energy holds significant implications for nations heavily reliant on it, such as Turkey. In recent times, legislative measures, including the Energy Efficiency Law and the Energy Performance Regulation of Buildings, have been enacted in Turkey. Despite the implementation of the Energy Performance Certificate for buildings, the absence of a national green building certification system remains conspicuous. To address this gap, an examination of globally recognized certification systems and relevant components concerning land management, pertinent to Turkey's context, was undertaken...

PURPOSE: To build a stroke territory classifier model in DWI by designing the problem as a multiclass segmentation task by defining each stroke territory as distinct segmentation targets and leveraging the guidance of voxel wise dense predictions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of DWI images of 218 consecutive acute anterior or posterior ischemic stroke patients examined between January 2017 to April 2020 in a single center was carried out. Each stroke area was defined as distinct segmentation target with different class labels...

Diagnostic and prognostic values of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) were determined in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI). The study included 120 septic patients and set two groups: SI-AKI group (n = 60) or non-AKI group (n = 60). Fasting venous blood was drawn, and KLF5 and RUNX1 levels were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for diagnostic evaluation of KLF5 and RUNX1 in SI-AKI. The correlation between KLF5 and RUNX1 and serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (Cys-C), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) were assessed by Pearson method...

Colon cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor in the colon. Despite some progress in the early detection and treatment of CC in recent years, some patients still experience recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is urgent to better predict the prognosis of CC patients and identify new biomarkers. Recent studies have shown that anoikis-related genes (ARGs) play a significant role in the progression of many tumors. Hence, it is essential to confirm the role of ARGs in the development and treatment of CC by integrating scRNA-seq and transcriptome data...

Shoot branching significantly influences yield and timber quality in woody plants, with hybrid Liriodendron being particularly valuable due to its rapid growth. However, understanding of the mechanisms governing shoot branching in hybrid Liriodendron remains limited. In this study, we systematically examined axillary bud development using morphological and anatomical approaches and selected four distinct developmental stages for an extensive transcriptome analysis. A total of 9,449 differentially expressed genes have been identified, many of which are involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are extensively researched for therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and show significant potential for clinical use. Intrinsic or extrinsic factors causing senescence may lead to reduced proliferation, aberrant differentiation, weakened immunoregulation, and increased inflammation, ultimately limiting the potential of MSCs. It is crucial to comprehend the molecular pathways and internal processes responsible for the decline in MSC function due to senescence in order to devise innovative approaches for rejuvenating senescent MSCs and enhancing MSC treatment...

BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying the formation of upper eyelid creases has been the subject of extensive study and ongoing debate. This research aims to elucidate the principles of upper eyelid creases formation, leveraging the membrane bending theory from engineering mechanics. METHODS: We developed an anatomical model of the eyelid and implemented the finite element analysis. Preprocessing and mesh division were conducted using HyperMesh, followed by computational analysis with Abaqus...

Adoptively transferred T cell receptor-engineered T cells are a promising cancer treatment strategy, and the identification of tumour-specific TCRs is essential. Previous studies reported that tumour-reactive T cells and TCRs could be isolated based on the expression of activation markers. However, since T cells with different cell states could not respond uniformly to activation but show a heterogeneous expression profile of activation and effector molecules, isolation of tumour-reactive T cells based on single activation or effector molecules could result in the absence of tumour-reactive T cells; thus, combinations of multiple activation and effector molecules could improve the efficiency of isolating tumour-specific TCRs...

In normal and pathophysiological conditions our cells secrete vesicular bodies known as extracellular particles. Extracellular vesicles are lipid-bound extracellular particles. A majority of these extracellular vesicles are linked to cell-to-cell communication. Brain consists of tightly packed neural cells. Neural cell releases extracellular vesicles in cerebrospinal fluid. Extracellular vesicle mediated crosstalk maintains neural homeostasis in the central nervous system via transferring cargos between neural cells...