"Component separation"

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the underlying reasons for variability in the incidence rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) within the Irish population between the years 1996 and 2021. METHODS: The Irish ALS register was used to calculate the incidence and to subsequently extract age at diagnosis (age), year of diagnosis (period), and date of birth (cohort) for all incident patients within the study period (n = 2,771). An age-period-cohort (APC) model using partial least squares regression was constructed to examine each component separately and their respective contribution to the incidence while minimizing the well-known identifiability problem of APC effects...

We demonstrate the use of DNA origami to create virus-trapping nanoshells that efficiently neutralize hepatitis B virus (HBV) in cell culture. By modification of the shells with a synthetic monoclonal antibody that binds to the HBV envelope, the effective neutralization potency per antibody is increased by approximately 100 times compared to using free antibodies. The improvements in neutralizing the virus are attributed to two factors: first, the shells act as a physical barrier that blocks the virus from interacting with host cells; second, the multivalent binding of the antibodies inside the shells lead to stronger attachment to the trapped virus, a phenomenon known as avidity...

INTRODUCTION: In the Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) procedure, ideally, the posterior sheath is completely reapproximated to establish an interface isolating the polypropylene mesh from visceral contents. When primary closure of the posterior sheath is unachievable, Vicryl mesh is commonly used to supplement the posterior sheath closure and an uncoated polypropylene mesh is placed superficial to the Vicryl mesh. The long-term implications of utilizing Vicryl mesh as an antiadhesive barrier are poorly understood...

The profile of executive function (EF) in adults with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. This study aims to ascertain if distinct EF patterns can be identified between each clinical condition by comparing the neuropsychological profile of adults with SCZ and ASD, for whom the differential diagnosis is still highly challenging. Forty-five individuals (15 SCZ, 15 ASD, 15 controls) matched for age, sex, education level, and handedness underwent intelligence evaluation and neuropsychological testing for working memory, inhibition, planning and set-shifting, and verbal fluency subdomains...

Skin color observation provides a simple and non-invasive method to estimate the health status of patients. Capillary Refill Time (CRT) is widely used as an indicator of pathophysiological conditions, especially in emergency patients. While the measurement of CRT is easy to perform, its evaluation is highly subjective. This study proposes a method to aid quantified CRT measurement using an RGB camera. The procedure consists in applying finger compression to the forearm, and the CRT is calculated based on the skin color change after the pressure release...

PURPOSE: Parastomal hernias are a common and challenging problem with high rates of wound complications and hernia recurrence after repair. We present our approach to optimizing parastomal hernia repair through preoperative preparation, surgical approach, and postoperative management. METHODS: Patients are carefully evaluated and optimized prior to surgery. Our typical surgical approach involves a generous midline laparotomy and retrorectus dissection followed by a posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release...

A primary cilium, made of nine microtubule doublets enclosed in a cilium membrane, is a mechanosensing organelle that bends under an external mechanical load and sends an intracellular signal through transmembrane proteins activated by cilium bending. The nine microtubule doublets are the main load-bearing structural component, while the transmembrane proteins on the cilium membrane are the main sensing component. No distinction was made between these two components in all existing models, where the stress calculated from the structural component (nine microtubule doublets) was used to explain the sensing location, which may be totally misleading...

Soft sensors have been extensively utilized to approximate real-time power prediction in wind power generation, which is challenging to measure instantaneously. The short-term forecast of wind power aims at providing a reference for the dispatch of the intraday power grid. This study proposes a soft sensor model based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network by combining data preprocessing with Variational Modal Decomposition (VMD) to improve wind power prediction accuracy. It does so by adopting the isolation forest algorithm for anomaly detection of the original wind power series and processing the missing data by multiple imputation...

We present a patient who developed an incisional hernia, from epigastrium to umbilicus, after omphalocele repair. The hernia gradually enlarged to a 10 cm × 10 cm defect with significant rectus abdominis muscle diastasis at the costal arch attachment point. At 6 years of age, the abdominal wall defect in the umbilical region was closed using the components separation technique. For the muscle defect of the epigastric region, composite flaps were made by suturing together the flap of the upper rectus abdominis muscle, after peeling it away from the costal arch attachment point, and the vertically inverted flap of the lower rectus abdominis fascia, created with a U-shaped incision...

Here, we report a rare case of a depressed lesion exhibiting both tubular differentiated adenocarcinomatous (TDA) and intraepithelial foveolar neoplasia (IFN) components (with the histological appearance of foveolar hyperplasia due to low-grade atypia). Histologically, the TDA surrounded the IFN, suggesting that the TDA may have originated from the IFN. Therefore, we examined molecular alterations in the TDA and IFN components separately. MUC5AC and MUC6 expression was observed immunohistochemically in both components...

OBJECTIVE: The precise indications for employing the anterior component separation technique (ACST) and the Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) in abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) remain uncertain, despite the undeniable value of both techniques. The aim of this study was to analyze the anterior fascial closure rate, postoperative wound morbidity, and hernia recurrence rate for both procedures according to the algorithm used for complex AWR. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was carried out...

Exosomes-like nanoparticles (ELNs) (exosomes or extracellular vesicles) are vesicle-like bodies secreted by cells. Plant ELNs (PENs) are membrane vesicles secreted by plant cells, with a lipid bilayer as the basic skeleton, enclosing various active substances such as proteins and nucleic acids, which have many physiological and pathological functions. Recent studies have found that the PENs are widespread within different plant species and their biological functions are increasingly recognized. The effective separation method is also necessary for its function and application...

PURPOSE: Surgical repair of complex abdominal wall hernias remains technically demanding and is widely recognized as a risk factor for unfavorable outcomes with high recurrence and morbidity rates. The objective is to assess short- and long-term complications after open intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair combined with bilateral anterior component separation (ACS) for large and difficult incisional hernias, alongside evaluating hernia recurrence rates. METHODS: This retrospective analysis utilized data sourced from Hospital electronic health records and a prospective database at an academic tertiary referral center...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall reconstruction requires extensive dissection of the abdominal wall, exposure of the retroperitoneum, and aggressive chemoprophylaxis to reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications. The need for early anticoagulation puts patients at risk for bleeding. We aimed to quantify postoperative blood loss, incidence of transfusion and reoperation, and associated risk factors in patients undergoing complex abdominal wall reconstruction. METHODS: All patients underwent a posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release and placement of retromuscular mesh for ventral hernias <20 cm wide and were enrolled in a clinical trial assessing the utility of trans-fascial mesh fixation...

This paper proposes a new method for short-term electric load forecasting using a Ridgelet Neural Network (RNN) combined with a wavelet transform and optimized by a Self-Adapted (SA) Kho-Kho algorithm (SAKhoKho). The aim of this method is to improve the accuracy and reliability of electric load forecasting, which is essential for the planning and operation of competitive electrical networks. The proposed method uses the Wavelet Transform (WT) to decompose the load data into different frequency components and applies the RNN to each component separately...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize various approaches in performing minimally invasive posterior component separation (MIS PCS) and ascertain their safety and short-term outcomes. METHODS: A systematic literature searches of major databases were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines to identify studies that provided perioperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes of MIS PCS...

The management of giant inguinoscrotal hernias remains a challenge as a result of the loss of the intra-abdominal domain from long-standing hernia contents within the scrotum. Multiple techniques have been described for abdominal wall relaxation and augmentation to allow the safe return of viscera from the scrotum to the intraperitoneal cavity without adversely affecting cardiorespiratory physiology. Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum, phrenectomy, and component separation are but a few common techniques previously described as adjuncts to the management of these massively large hernias...

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal surgery following transversus abdominis release (TAR) procedure commonly involves incisions through the previously implanted mesh, potentially creating vulnerabilities for hernia recurrence. Despite the popularity of the TAR procedure, current literature regarding post-AWR surgeries is limited. This study aims to reveal the incidence and outcomes of post-TAR non-hernia-related abdominal surgeries of any kind. METHODS: Adult patients who underwent non-hernia-related abdominal surgery following ventral hernia repair with concurrent TAR procedure and permanent synthetic mesh in the Cleveland Clinic Center for Abdominal Core Health between January 2014 and January 2022 were queried from a prospectively collected database in the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative...

Introduction: Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP) and botulinum toxin A (BTX) have been used together in the preoperative preparation of patients with loss of domain hernias. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of PPP and BTX. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed according to the PRISMA criteria. A literature search of scientific articles was conducted up to December 2023. Articles were chosen based on the reference to BTX and PPP in loss of domain ventral hernias with a defect width greater than 10 cm before surgery...

BACKGROUND: Surgical management of large ventral hernias (VH) has remained a challenge. Various techniques like anterior component separation and posterior component separation (PCS) with transversus abdominis release (TAR) have been employed. Despite the initial success, the long-term efficacy of TAR is not yet comprehensively studied. Authors aimed to investigate the early-, medium-, and long-term outcomes and health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients treated with PCS and TAR...